scholarly journals Emerging Nanotechnology in Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Animal Models: A Systematic Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Brun ◽  
Nicolas Moignot ◽  
Marie-Laure Colombier ◽  
Elisabeth Dursun
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent inflammatory diseases. Its treatment, mostly mechanical and non-surgical, shows limitations. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of nanoparticles as a treatment alone in non-surgical periodontal therapy in animal models. A systematic search was conducted in Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and Science Direct. The eligibility criteria were: studies (i) using nanoparticles as chemotherapeutic agent or as delivery system; (ii) including preclinical controlled animal model (experimental periodontitis); (iii) reporting alveolar bone loss; (iv) written in English; and (v) published up to June 2019. Risk of bias was evaluated according to the SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation. On the 1324 eligible studies, 11 were included. All reported advantages in using nanoparticles for the treatment of periodontitis, highlighted by a reduction in bone loss. Agents modulating inflammation seem to be more relevant than antibiotics, in terms of efficiency and risk of antibiotic resistance. In addition, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) or drugs used as their own carrier appear to be the most interesting nanoparticles in terms of biocompatibility. Risk of bias assessment highlighted many criteria scored as unclear. There are encouraging preclinical data of using nanoparticles as a contribution to the treatment of periodontitis.

Stretched penile length at birth: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro López-Soto ◽  
Mar Bueno-González ◽  
Maribel Urbano-Reyes ◽  
Javier Garví-Morcillo ◽  
José Luis Meseguer-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Penile Length ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
A Current

Abstract Background Micropenis is an endocrinological condition that is habitually observed at birth. Diagnosis is made by measuring the stretched penile length, a method established 80 years ago. Discrepancies in the normative data from recent studies raise the need for a current revision of the methodology. Objectives The aims of this systematic review were to compare the different normative data of SPL at birth, to examine the methodological aspects of the technique and to evaluate the independent variables that may be involved. Methods Searches were performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scielo, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science. A combination of the relevant medical terms, keywords and word variants for “stretched penile length”, “penile length”, “penile size”, “newborn” and “birth” were used. Eligibility criteria included normative studies that used the stretched penile length (SPL) measurement on a population of healthy, full-term newborns during the first month of life. The outcomes studied included characteristics of the studies, methodological aspects and independent variables. Results We identified 49 studies comprising 21,399 children. Significant discrepancies are observed between the different studies. Methodological aspects seem to be consistent and similar. The main independent variables appear to be ethnic group and gestational age. Main limitations were the absence of studies of entire world regions such as Europe or South America, and the heterogeneity of the ethnic background that complicates the analysis. Conclusions It seems advisable to suggest the creation of customized reference charts for each specific population instead of resorting to the classic cut-off points.

scholarly journals The effect of hemodilution on free flap survival: A systematic review of clinical and experimental studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-466
Author(s):  
Matteo Amoroso ◽  
Peter Apelgren ◽  
Anna Elander ◽  
Karin Säljö ◽  
Lars Kölby
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Grade Scale ◽  
Reconstructive Microsurgery ◽  
The Cochrane Library

BACKGROUND: Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) has been proposed as a microsurgical technique to improve blood flow in free flaps. OBJECTIVE: Here, we present the first systematic review of clinical and experimental studies on the effect of ANH. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search of PubMed, Medline, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov using search strategies and a review process in agreement with the PRISMA statement and the Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. PICO criteria were defined before bibliometric processing of the retrieved articles, which were analyzed with the SYRCLE RoB tool for risk of bias and the GRADE scale for level of evidence. RESULTS: We retrieved 74 articles from the literature search, and after processing according to PICO criteria, only four articles remained, all of which were experimental. The rating for risk of bias was uncertain according to SYRCLE RoB results, and the level of evidence was low according to GRADE evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: There is no clinical evidence for the effect of ANH on microcirculation in free flaps, and experimental studies provide weak evidence supporting the use of hemodilution in reconstructive microsurgery.

scholarly journals Association between Periodontitis and Carotid Artery Calcification: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wenxuan Wang ◽  
Zhenghao Yang ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Hongyu Gao ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Carotid Artery Calcification

Recent studies have supported the relationship between periodontitis and carotid artery calcification (CAC), but still uncertain. This systematic review is aimed at evaluating the association between periodontitis and CAC. The search was conducted in four electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library, supplemented by checking references of included articles and related review articles. Eligibility assessment and data extraction were conducted independently. The quality assessment and publication bias analysis were performed. The association between periodontitis and CAC was presented in odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Additional outcomes included the percentage of alveolar bone loss in CAC versus non-CAC. Twelve studies were included, and 10 were performed quantity analysis. Periodontitis with secure definition ( OR = 2.02 , 95 % CI = 1.18 − 3.45 ) and insecure definition ( OR = 10.78 , 95 % CI = 4.41 − 26.34 ) was associated with CAC. And a higher average percentage of alveolar bone loss ( weighted   mean   difference = 10.84 % ; 95 % CI = 6.40 − 15.48 ) was also observed in CAC patients compared to non-CAC patients. No significant publication bias was found. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a significant relationship between periodontitis and CAC.

scholarly journals Obesity paradox in subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1555-1563
Author(s):  
Ilari Rautalin ◽  
Jaakko Kaprio ◽  
Miikka Korja
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Bias Estimation ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAs the number of obese people is globally increasing, reports about the putative protective effect of obesity in life-threatening diseases, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), are gaining more interest. This theory—the obesity paradox—is challenging to study, and the impact of obesity has remained unclear in survival of several critical illnesses, including SAH. Thus, we performed a systematic review to clarify the relation of obesity and SAH mortality. Our study protocol included systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library databases, whereas risk-of-bias estimation and quality of each selected study were evaluated by the Critical Appraisal Skills Program and Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. A directional power analysis was performed to estimate sufficient sample size for significant results. From 176 reviewed studies, six fulfilled our eligibility criteria for qualitative analysis. One study found paradoxical effect (odds ratio, OR = 0.83 (0.74–0.92)) between morbid obesity (body mass index (BMI) > 40) and in-hospital SAH mortality, and another study found the effect between continuously increasing BMI and both short-term (OR = 0.90 (0.82–0.99)) and long-term SAH mortalities (OR = 0.92 (0.85–0.98)). However, according to our quality assessment, methodological shortcomings expose all reviewed studies to a high-risk-of-bias. Even though two studies suggest that obesity may protect SAH patients from death in the acute phase, all reviewed studies suffered from methodological shortcomings that have been typical in the research field of obesity paradox. Therefore, no definite conclusions could be drawn.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of interventions for the prevention of occupational violence against professionals in health services: a protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e036558
Author(s):  
Caroline Vieira Cláudio Okubo ◽  
Renata Cristina Campos Pereira Silveira ◽  
Maria José Quina Galdino ◽  
Daiane Rubinato Fernandes ◽  
Aline Aparecida Oliveira Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Occupational Violence

IntroductionOccupational violence affects several categories of workers; however, the health sector category has been considered at a high risk, exposing workers to physical and psychological abuse. Thus, occupational violence has decreased the quality of care in health service. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for the prevention and reduction of occupational violence against health professionals.Methods and analysisThis protocol is consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Searches will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and LIVIVO along with a comprehensive review of grey literature. The search will be conducted on August 1 st 2020, without language and time restrictions. Following the eligibility criteria, two independent reviewers will select the titles and abstracts and subsequently screen the full articles. If necessary, a third reviewer will assess any disagreements. All references will be imported into EndNote, and any duplicates will be removed. The data will be extracted using an extraction-based form from Cochrane. Statistical analyses will be performed using the software Cochrane Review Manager, and a meta-analysis will be performed if possible for the statistical combination of at least two studies. The risk of bias of the randomised clinical trials will be evaluated by the Risk of Bias tool from Cochrane, and the risk of bias of the non-randomised intervention studies will be evaluated using the Downs and Black scale. The quality of the evidence and strength of the classification recommendations will be assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation.Ethics and disseminationThis review will not evaluate individual patient information and therefore does not require ethical approval. The results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals, presentations at conferences and the doctoral thesis of the leading author.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018111383.

scholarly journals Surgery for tennis elbow: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Bateman ◽  
Chris Littlewood ◽  
Beth Rawson ◽  
Amol A. Tambe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Tennis Elbow ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Surgical Trial ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background There is no consensus on the most suitable treatment for tennis elbow but, in the USA, surgical intervention is increasing despite a lack of supportive research evidence. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a balanced update based on all relevant published randomized controlled trials conducted to date. Methods An electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, BNI, AMED, PsycINFO, HBE, HMIC, PubMed, TRIP, Dynamed Plus and The Cochrane Library was complemented by hand searching. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and data were synthesized narratively, based on levels of evidence, as a result of heterogeneity. Results Twelve studies of poor methodological quality were included. The available data suggest that surgical interventions for tennis elbow are no more effective than nonsurgical and sham interventions. Surgical technique modifications may enhance effectiveness compared to traditional methods but have not been tested against a placebo. Conclusions Current research evidence suggests that surgery for tennis elbow is no more effective than nonsurgical treatment based on evidence with significant methodological limitations. Given the recalcitrant nature of tennis elbow for some patients, further research in the form of a high-quality placebo-controlled surgical trial with an additional conservative arm is required to usefully inform clinical practice.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of XP-Endo Finisher and passive ultrasonic irrigation on intracanal medicament removal from root canals: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiani Zhou ◽  
Tingjun Liu ◽  
Lihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ultrasonic Irrigation

Abstract Background XP-Endo Finisher (XPF) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) are commonly used in intracanal medicament removal. The effectiveness of these two techniques needs to be compared, and evidence-based research should be conducted. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to December 20th, 2020. The outcomes of the included trials were pooled into the Cochrane Collaboration’s Review Manager 5.3 software. Cochrane’s risk-of-bias tool 2.0 was applied to assess the risk of bias. Results Nine articles were included in this systematic review and processed for data extraction, and eight studies were identified for meta-analysis. In general, the use of PUI showed better medicament removal effectiveness than XPF (odds ratio [OR]: 3.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.96–4.86; P < 0.001). PUI was also significantly more efficient than XPF in the apical third (OR: 3.42; 95% CI, 1.32–8.84; P = 0.01). For trials using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) alone, PUI was also significantly more effective than XPF on intracanal medicaments removal (OR: 5.23; 95% CI, 2.79–9.82; P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between PUI and XPF when NaOCl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used in combination (OR: 1.51; 95% CI, 0.74–3.09; P = 0.26). In addition, for studies whose intracanal medicament periods were two weeks, the effectiveness of PUI was statistically better than the XPF (OR: 7.73; 95% CI, 3.71–16.07; P < 0.001). Nevertheless, for trials whose intracanal medicament time was one week or over two weeks, no differences between the XPF and PUI were found (OR: 1.54; 95% CI, 0.74–3.22; P = 0.25) (OR: 1.42; 95% CI, 0.44–4.61; P = 0.56). Conclusions The meta-analysis is the first study to quantitatively compare the effectiveness of XPF and PUI techniques on intracanal medicaments removal. With rigorous eligibility criteria, the study only included high-quality randomised controlled trials. The study indicated that PUI might be superior over XPF techniques for removing intracanal medicaments from artificial standardized grooves and cavities in the root canal system. The anatomical areas, irrigation protocol, and intracanal medicaments time may influence the cleaning efficacy.

scholarly journals Similarities, reliability and gaps in assessing the quality of conduct of systematic reviews using AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS: systematic survey of nutrition reviews

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz J. Swierz ◽  
Dawid Storman ◽  
Joanna Zajac ◽  
Magdalena Koperny ◽  
Paulina Weglarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Abstract Background AMSTAR-2 (‘A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews, version 2’) and ROBIS (‘Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews’) are independent instruments used to assess the quality of conduct of systematic reviews/meta-analyses (SR/MAs). The degree of overlap in methodological constructs together with the reliability and any methodological gaps have not been systematically assessed and summarized in the field of nutrition. Methods We performed a systematic survey of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for SR/MAs published between January 2010 and November 2018 that examined the effects of any nutritional intervention/exposure for cancer prevention. We followed a systematic review approach including two independent reviewers at each step of the process. For AMSTAR-2 (16 items) and ROBIS (21 items), we assessed the similarities, the inter-rater reliability (IRR) and any methodological limitations of the instruments. Our protocol for the survey was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019121116). Results We found 4 similar domain constructs based on 11 comparisons from a total of 12 AMSTAR-2 and 14 ROBIS items. Ten comparisons were considered fully overlapping. Based on Gwet’s agreement coefficients, six comparisons provided almost perfect (> 0.8), three substantial (> 0.6), and one a moderate level of agreement (> 0.4). While there is considerable overlap in constructs, AMSTAR-2 uniquely addresses explaining the selection of study designs for inclusion, reporting on excluded studies with justification, sources of funding of primary studies, and reviewers’ conflict of interest. By contrast, ROBIS uniquely addresses appropriateness and restrictions within eligibility criteria, reducing risk of error in risk of bias (RoB) assessments, completeness of data extracted for analyses, the inclusion of all necessary studies for analyses, and adherence to predefined analysis plan. Conclusions Among the questions on AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS, 70.3% (26/37 items) address the same or similar methodological constructs. While the IRR of these constructs was moderate to perfect, there are unique methodological constructs that each instrument independently addresses. Notably, both instruments do not address the reporting of absolute estimates of effect or the overall certainty of the evidence, items that are crucial for users’ wishing to interpret the importance of SR/MA results.

scholarly journals Drug treatments affecting ACE2 in COVID-19 infection: a systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajira Dambha-Miller ◽  
Ali Albasri ◽  
Sam Hodgson ◽  
Chris Wilcox ◽  
Nazrul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Abstract Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 binds human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in human tissues. ACE2 expression may be associated with COVID-19 infection and mortality rates. Routinely prescribed drugs which up- or down-regulate ACE2 expression are therefore of critical research interest as agents which might promote or reduce risk of COVID-19 infection in a susceptible population. Aim: To review evidence on routinely prescribed drug treatments in the UK that could up- or down-regulate ACE2 and potentially affect COVID-19 infection. Design and setting: Systematic review of studies published in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science from inception to April 1st 2020. Method: A systematic review will be conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria will be: i) assess effect of drug exposure on ACE2 level; ii) drug is included in British National Formulary (BNF) and therefore available to prescribe in UK; iii) a control, placebo or sham group is included as comparator. Exclusion criteria will be: i) ACE2 measurement in utero; ii) ACE2 measurement in children under 18 years; iii) drug not in BNF; iv) review article. Quality will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for human studies, and the SYRCLE risk of bias tool for animal studies. Results: Data will be reported in summary tables and narrative synthesis. Conclusion: This systematic review will identify drug therapies which may increase or decrease ACE2 expression. This might identify medications increasing risk of COVID-19 transmission, or as targets for intervention in mitigating transmission.

Intervention Therapies to Reduce Pain-Related Fear in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Martinez-Calderon ◽  
Mar Flores-Cortes ◽  
Jose Miguel Morales-Asencio ◽  
Alejandro Luque-Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Full Detail ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Fear Avoidance Beliefs

Abstract Objective This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions at reducing pain-related fear in people with fibromyalgia and to analyze whether the included trials reported their interventions in full detail. Design Systematic review. Setting No restrictions. Methods The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus were searched from their inception to April 2020, along with manual searches and a gray literature search. Randomized clinical trials were included if they assessed pain-related fear constructs as the primary or secondary outcome in adults with fibromyalgia. Two reviewers independently performed the study selection, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment, Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist assessment, and grading the quality of evidence. Results Twelve randomized clinical trials satisfied the eligibility criteria, including 11 cohorts with a total sample of 1,441 participants. Exercise, multicomponent, and psychological interventions were more effective than controls were in reducing kinesiophobia. However, there were no differences in decreasing kinesiophobia when self-management and electrotherapy were used. There were also no differences between groups with regard to the rest of the interventions and pain-related constructs (fear-avoidance beliefs, fear of pain, and pain-related anxiety). However, a serious risk of bias and a very serious risk of imprecision were detected across the included trials. This caused the overall certainty of the judged evidence to be low and very low. Additionally, the included trials reported insufficient details to allow the full replication of their interventions. Conclusions This systematic review shows that there are promising interventions, such as exercise, multicomponent, and psychological therapies, that may decrease one specific type of fear in people with fibromyalgia, i.e., kinesiophobia. However, because of the low–very low certainty of the evidence found, a call for action is needed to improve the quality of randomized clinical trials, which will lead to more definitive information about the clinical efficacy of interventions in this field.

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