scholarly journals Graphene Oxides Derivatives Prepared by an Electrochemical Approach: Correlation between Structure and Properties

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2532
Author(s):  
Carlos Sainz-Urruela ◽  
Soledad Vera-López ◽  
María San Andrés ◽  
Ana Díez-Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Electrochemical Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Defect Content

Graphene oxide (GO) can be defined as a single monolayer of graphite with oxygen-containing functionalities such as epoxides, alcohols, and carboxylic acids. It is an interesting alternative to graphene for many applications due to its exceptional properties and feasibility of functionalization. In this study, electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxides (EGOs) with different amounts of surface groups, hence level of oxidation, were prepared by an electrochemical two-stage approach using graphite as raw material. A complete characterization of the EGOs was carried out in order to correlate their surface topography, interlayer spacing, defect content, and specific surface area (SSA) with their electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. It has been found that the SSA has a direct relationship with the d-spacing. The EGOs electrical resistance decreases with increasing SSA while rises with increasing the D/G band intensity ratio in the Raman spectra, hence the defect content. Their thermal stability under both nitrogen and dry air atmospheres depends on both their oxidation level and defect content. Their macroscopic mechanical properties, namely the Young’s modulus and tensile strength, are influenced by the defect content, while no correlation was found with their SSA or interlayer spacing. Young moduli values as high as 54 GPa have been measured, which corroborates that the developed method preserves the integrity of the graphene flakes. Understanding the structure-property relationships in these materials is useful for the design of modified GOs with controllable morphologies and properties for a wide range of applications in electrical/electronic devices.

Atomic Scale Structure-Property Relationships of Defects and Interfaces in Ceramics

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
S. Stemmer ◽  
G. Duscher ◽  
E. M. James ◽  
M. Ceh ◽  
N.D. Browning
Keyword(s):  
Point Defects ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Defect Engineering ◽  
Impurity Atoms ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Scale Composition

The evaluation of the two dimensional projected atom column positions around a defect or an interface in an electronic ceramic, as it has been performed in numerous examples by (quantitative) conventional high-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM), is often not sufficient to relate the electronic properties of the material to the structure of the defect. Information about point defects (vacancies, impurity atoms), and chemistry or bonding changes associated with the defect or interface is also required. Such complete characterization is a necessity for atomic scale interfacial or defect engineering to be attained.One instructive example where more than an image is required to understand the structure property relationships, is that of grain boundaries in Fe-doped SrTi03. Here, the different formation energies of point defects cause a charged barrier at the boundary, and a compensating space charge region around it. The sign and magnitude of the barrier depend very sensitively on the atomic scale composition and chemistry of the boundary plane.

QSPR STUDY OF RHEOLOGICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CHLOROPRENE RUBBER ACCELERATORS

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Todeschini ◽  
Viviana Consonni ◽  
Davide Ballabio ◽  
Andrea Mauri ◽  
Matteo Cassotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Quantitative Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Rubber Accelerators

ABSTRACT In this preliminary study, mathematical models based on Quantitative Structure Property Relationships (QSPR) were applied in order to analyze how molecular structure of chloroprene rubber accelerators relates to their rheological and mechanical properties. QSPR models were developed in order to disclose which structural features mainly affect the mechanism of vulcanization. In such a way QSPR can help in a faster and more parsimonious design of new chloroprene rubber curative molecules. Regression mathematical models were calibrated on two rheological properties (scorch time and optimum cure time) and three mechanical properties (modulus 100%, hardness, and elongation at break). Models were calculated using experimental values of 14 accelerators belonging to diverse chemical classes and validated by means of different strategies. All the derived models gave a good degree of fitting (R2 values ranging from 84.5 to 98.7) and a satisfactory predictive power. Moreover, some hypotheses on the correlations between specific structural features and the analyzed rheological and mechanical properties were drawn. Owing to the relatively small set of accelerators used to calibrate the models, these hypotheses should be further investigated and proved.

Integration of Electrografted Layers for the Metallization of Deep TSVs

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
F. Raynal ◽  
V. Mevellec ◽  
N. Frederich ◽  
D. Suhr ◽  
I. Bispo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Monitoring Strategy ◽  
Ic Design ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Readiness Level

This paper describes production-readiness level of electrografted (eG) and chemical grafted (cG) layers deposited on a wide range of through silicon via (TSV) dimensions. Three layers are required to achieve via metallization: eG insulator, cG barrier, and eG copper seed. Complete characterization of each layer of the stack has been achieved, including electrical and mechanical properties. Impact on the 3D-IC design space of the electrografting nanotechnology optimized for highly conformal growth of TSV films is discussed. Four chemical baths are required to achieve the deposition of the three layers, shelf life, and bath monitoring strategy of each chemistry being presented in the last part of the paper. Some preliminary results of copper plating directly on top of the cG barrier are also reported.

The Relations between Polymer Structure and Properties in Urethans

1960 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1259-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reliable Control ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Polymer Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many

Abstract Sufficient data are available from studies of urethan foams and elastomers to draw semiquantitative conclusions regarding the effect of any gross structural change on most polymer properties. These relationships apply to other areas of application as well, e.g., coatings, adhesives and sealants. Future research may be expected to provide more reliable control of the many reactions involved in preparing urethans, thus better control over structure. Similarly a more quantitative and extensive knowledge of polymer properties may be expected. The result of these combined efforts will be a more precise knowledge of structure-property relationships and an improved ability to produce polymers having the properties desired for a wide range of applications.

Combined TEM/SEI of polymer membranes

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 386-387
Author(s):  
L. C. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polymer Membranes ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Shape Distribution ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Potential Applications

Structure-property relationships are important in the process optimization and fundamental understanding of many polymeric materials, including membranes. Polymer membranes are currently being used for separation, concentration or purification in a wide range of industrial process applications. The process used to manufacture the membrane, and the polymer type, determines the morphology, which influences the membrane transport properties and potential applications. The morphology includes: pore size, shape, distribution and their overall three dimensional arrangement. Microscopical methods are needed to image the structures formed by the various processes, in order to systematically study changes in variables for specific applications.

Crosslinking and Mechanical Properties of Liquid Rubber. I. Curative Effect of Aliphatic DIOLS

1979 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 920-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Minoura ◽  
Shinzo Yamashita ◽  
Hiroshi Okamoto ◽  
Tadao Matsuo ◽  
Michiaki Izawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Curative Effect ◽  
Polyurethane Elastomers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The structure-property relationships of polyurethane elastomers derived from a liquid hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene/low molecular weight aliphatic diol/diisocyanate system were studied. The effects of the amount of low molecular weight diol on the mechanical properties of the elastomer were discussed on the basis of the results of stress-strain, swelling, dynamic viscoelasticity, x-ray diffraction, etc. It was found that some particular combinations of low molecular weight diol and diisocyanate specifically affect the properties of elastomers. When the mechanical properties of the elastomers were plotted against the number of methylene carbons in the low molecular weight diol, characteristic zigzag patterns were obtained. These patterns were explained by the difference in the packing and the dependence of the strength of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on whether the number of the methylene carbons was even or odd. This assumption was confirmed by x-ray diffraction.

scholarly journals Enhancing thermal and mechanical properties of polypropylene using masterbatches of nanoclay and nano-CaCO3: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Composites Materials ◽  
Macro Scale

Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) can be considered as promising relatively new types of composite materials. PNCs give opportunity to develop new composites materials with different structure-property relationships compared to their conventional micro/macro scale composites. Polyolefin based nanocomposites nowadays become more important, because this type of composites has been largely used in various industries. For example, polypropylene based nanocomposites have been widely used in automobile – related industries to replace their conventional composites. This review paper will focus on the polypropylene based nanocomposites prepared using masterbatches of nanoclay and nano-CaCO3 via melt compounding method. The thermal and mechanical properties of such nanocomposites were also discussed.

Structure/Property Relationships and Applications of Rapidly Solidified Aluminum Alloys

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Spherical Droplets ◽  
Rapidly Solidified

ABSTRACTDuring the last five years Pratt & Whitney Aircraft has developed rapid solidification powder metallurgy and consolidation techniques to produce advanced aluminum alloys. A centrifugal rotary atomization device with forced high velocity helium convective cooling has been developed to pilot-plant stage, to produce aluminum alloys of novel compositions for advanced gas turbine engine applications. Rapidly solidified aluminum alloys solidify as spherical droplets up to 100 μm diameter with cooling rates of 105 — 106 K/sec, and demonstrate new microstructural features which have been exploited to develop elevated temperature mechanical properties. Alloys have been developed for 400 — 500°F fan and compressor applications that have traditionally used titanium alloys, and this paper reviews the microstructural evolution of rapidly solidified structures during thermomechanical processing.

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