scholarly journals Dental Implant Nano-Engineering: Advances, Limitations and Future Directions

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2489
Author(s):  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
Karan Gulati ◽  
Ze Li ◽  
Ping Di ◽  
Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
Material Choice

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys offer favorable biocompatibility, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, which makes them an ideal material choice for dental implants. However, the long-term success of Ti-based dental implants may be challenged due to implant-related infections and inadequate osseointegration. With the development of nanotechnology, nanoscale modifications and the application of nanomaterials have become key areas of focus for research on dental implants. Surface modifications and the use of various coatings, as well as the development of the controlled release of antibiotics or proteins, have improved the osseointegration and soft-tissue integration of dental implants, as well as their antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions. This review introduces recent nano-engineering technologies and materials used in topographical modifications and surface coatings of Ti-based dental implants. These advances are discussed and detailed, including an evaluation of the evidence of their biocompatibility, toxicity, antimicrobial activities and in-vivo performances. The comparison between these attempts at nano-engineering reveals that there are still research gaps that must be addressed towards their clinical translation. For instance, customized three-dimensional printing technology and stimuli-responsive, multi-functional and time-programmable implant surfaces holds great promise to advance this field. Furthermore, long-term in vivo studies under physiological conditions are required to ensure the clinical application of nanomaterial-modified dental implants.

scholarly journals Comparison of irrigation protocols for the internal decontamination of dental implants – results of in‐vitro and in‐vivo studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia‐Merete Jervøe‐Storm ◽  
Alexandra Selina Hablützel ◽  
Philipp Bartels ◽  
Dominik Kraus ◽  
Søren Jepsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
In Vivo Studies

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Zirconia-Based Scaffolds for Load-Bearing Bone-Regeneration Applications: Prospects and Challenges

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3207
Author(s):  
Kumaresan Sakthiabirami ◽  
Vaiyapuri Soundharrajan ◽  
Jin-Ho Kang ◽  
Yunzhi Peter Yang ◽  
Sang-Won Park
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
3D Fabrication ◽  
Dental Applications

The design of zirconia-based scaffolds using conventional techniques for bone-regeneration applications has been studied extensively. Similar to dental applications, the use of three-dimensional (3D) zirconia-based ceramics for bone tissue engineering (BTE) has recently attracted considerable attention because of their high mechanical strength and biocompatibility. However, techniques to fabricate zirconia-based scaffolds for bone regeneration are in a stage of infancy. Hence, the biological activities of zirconia-based ceramics for bone-regeneration applications have not been fully investigated, in contrast to the well-established calcium phosphate-based ceramics for bone-regeneration applications. This paper outlines recent research developments and challenges concerning numerous three-dimensional (3D) zirconia-based scaffolds and reviews the associated fundamental fabrication techniques, key 3D fabrication developments and practical encounters to identify the optimal 3D fabrication technique for obtaining 3D zirconia-based scaffolds suitable for real-world applications. This review mainly summarized the articles that focused on in vitro and in vivo studies along with the fundamental mechanical characterizations on the 3D zirconia-based scaffolds.

scholarly journals Time-Programmed Delivery of Sorafenib and Anti-CD47 Antibody via a Double-Layer-Gel Matrix for Postsurgical Treatment of Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Huang ◽  
Yiyi Zhang ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
Fanling Meng ◽  
Hongyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Thermally Responsive ◽  
Immunosuppressive Microenvironment

AbstractThe highly immunosuppressive microenvironment after surgery has a crucial impact on the recurrence and metastasis in breast cancer patients. Programmable delivery of immunotherapy-involving combinations through a single drug delivery system is highly promising, yet greatly challenging, to reverse postoperative immunosuppression. Here, an injectable hierarchical gel matrix, composed of dual lipid gel (DLG) layers with different soybean phosphatidylcholine/glycerol dioleate mass ratios, was developed to achieve the time-programmed sequential delivery of combined cancer immunotherapy. The outer layer of the DLG matrix was thermally responsive and loaded with sorafenib-adsorbed graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles. GO under manually controlled near-infrared irradiation generated mild heat and provoked the release of sorafenib first to reeducate tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and promote an immunogenic tumor microenvironment. The inner layer, loaded with anti-CD47 antibody (aCD47), could maintain the gel state for a much longer time, enabling the sustained release of aCD47 afterward to block the CD47-signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) pathway for a long-term antitumor effect. In vivo studies on 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model demonstrated that the DLG-based strategy efficiently prevented tumor recurrence and metastasis by locally reversing the immunosuppression and synergistically blocking the CD47-dependent immune escape, thereby boosting the systemic immune responses.

scholarly journals The Challenging Melanoma Landscape: From Early Drug Discovery to Clinical Approval

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3088
Author(s):  
Mariana Matias ◽  
Jacinta O. Pinho ◽  
Maria João Penetra ◽  
Gonçalo Campos ◽  
Catarina Pinto Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Drug Evaluation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Melanoma is recognized as the most dangerous type of skin cancer, with high mortality and resistance to currently used treatments. To overcome the limitations of the available therapeutic options, the discovery and development of new, more effective, and safer therapies is required. In this review, the different research steps involved in the process of antimelanoma drug evaluation and selection are explored, including information regarding in silico, in vitro, and in vivo experiments, as well as clinical trial phases. Details are given about the most used cell lines and assays to perform both two- and three-dimensional in vitro screening of drug candidates towards melanoma. For in vivo studies, murine models are, undoubtedly, the most widely used for assessing the therapeutic potential of new compounds and to study the underlying mechanisms of action. Here, the main melanoma murine models are described as well as other animal species. A section is dedicated to ongoing clinical studies, demonstrating the wide interest and successful efforts devoted to melanoma therapy, in particular at advanced stages of the disease, and a final section includes some considerations regarding approval for marketing by regulatory agencies. Overall, considerable commitment is being directed to the continuous development of optimized experimental models, important for the understanding of melanoma biology and for the evaluation and validation of novel therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Potential anticancer activity of curcumin analogs containing sulfone on human cancer cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyan Zhang ◽  
Dongli Li ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Changyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Human Cancer Cells ◽  
Curcumin Analogs ◽  
Phosphorylated Akt ◽  
Transcription 3

Three curcumin analogs(S1-S3) containing sulfone were investigated for their effects on human prostate cancer PC-3, colon cancer HT-29, lung cancer H1299 and pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells. The three compounds were approximately 16-to 96-fold more active than curcumin in these cell lines as determined by the MTT assay. The effects of these compounds on cell growth were further studied in prostate cancer PC-3 cells in both two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) cultures. S1-S3strongly inhibited the growth and induced cell death in PC-3 cells, and the effects of these compounds were associated with suppression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) transcriptional activity. Moreover, treatment of PC-3 cells with all three compounds caused a decrease in the level of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3) (Tyr705),but not p-STAT3(Ser727). Only S1and S2decreased the presence of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) in PC-3 cells. These curcumin analogs warrant further in vivo studies for anticancer activities in suitable animal models.

scholarly journals Long Term Pharmacological Perturbation of Autophagy in Mice: Are HCQ Injections a Relevant Choice?

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Daniel Masson ◽  
Benoit Blanchet ◽  
Baptiste Periou ◽  
François-Jérôme Authier ◽  
Baharia Mograbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Models ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Atg Genes ◽  
Conditional Inhibition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Catabolic Process

Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process whose loss-of-function has been linked to a growing list of pathologies. Knockout mouse models of key autophagy genes have been instrumental in the demonstration of the critical functions of autophagy, but they display early lethality, neurotoxicity and unwanted autophagy-independent phenotypes, limiting their applications for in vivo studies. To avoid problems encountered with autophagy-null transgenic mice, we investigated the possibility of disturbing autophagy pharmacologically in the long term. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) ip injections were done in juvenile and adult C57bl/6j mice, at range doses adapted from the human malaria prophylactic treatment. The impact on autophagy was assessed by western-blotting, and juvenile neurodevelopment and adult behaviours were evaluated for four months. Quite surprisingly, our results showed that HCQ treatment in conditions used in this study neither impacted autophagy in the long term in several tissues and organs nor altered neurodevelopment, adult behaviour and motor capabilities. Therefore, we recommend for future long-term in vivo studies of autophagy, to use genetic mouse models allowing conditional inhibition of selected Atg genes in appropriate lineage cells instead of HCQ treatment, until it could be successfully revisited using higher HCQ doses and/or frequencies with acceptable toxicity.

scholarly journals Characterization of cornea-specific bioink: high transparency, improved in vivo safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204173141882338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeonji Kim ◽  
Moon-Nyeo Park ◽  
Jisoo Kim ◽  
Jinah Jang ◽  
Hong-Kyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Transplantation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Encapsulated Cells ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Artificial Corneas ◽  
Corneal Regeneration

Corneal transplantation is a typical surgical procedure for severe corneal diseases. However, the waiting time for a donor cornea has gradually increased due to a decrease in supply caused by an aging population and increased cases of laser-based surgeries. Artificial corneas were developed to meet the increase in demand; however, these approaches have suffered from material deterioration resulted by the limited tissue integration. Here, we introduce a cornea-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (Co-dECM) as a bioink for corneal regeneration. The developed Co-dECM bioink had similar quantitative measurement results for collagen and GAGs compared with that of the native cornea and also had the proper transparency for vision. The differentiation potential of human turbinate-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hTMSCs) to a keratocyte lineage was only observed in the Co-dECM group. Moreover, the developed bioink did not have any cytotoxic effect on encapsulated cells for three-dimensional (3D) culture and has great biocompatibility evident by the xeno-implantation of the Co-dECM gel into mice and rabbits for two and one month, respectively. An in vivo safety similar to clinical-grade collagen was seen with the Co-dECM, which helped to maintain the keratocyte-specific characteristics in vivo, compared with collagen. Taken together, the Co-dECM bioink has the potential to be used in various types of corneal diseases based on its corneal-specific ability and design flexibility through 3D cell printing technology.

scholarly journals 3D-bioprinted tracheal reconstruction: an overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Frejo ◽  
Daniel A. Grande
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Tracheal Reconstruction ◽  
Airway Reconstruction ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
Cellular Types

Abstract Congenital tracheomalacia and tracheal stenosis are commonly seen in premature infants. In adulthood, are typically related with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and can occur secondarily from tracheostomy, prolong intubation, trauma, infection and tumors. Both conditions are life-threatening when not managed properly. There are still some surgical limitations for certain pathologies, however tissue engineering is a promising approach to treat massive airway dysfunctions. 3D-bioprinting have contributed to current preclinical and clinical efforts in airway reconstruction. Several strategies have been used to overcome the difficulty of airway reconstruction such as scaffold materials, construct designs, cellular types, biologic components, hydrogels and animal models used in tracheal reconstruction. Nevertheless, additional long-term in vivo studies need to be performed to assess the efficacy and safety of tissue-engineered tracheal grafts in terms of mechanical properties, behavior and, the possibility of further stenosis development.

scholarly journals Stimuli-responsive composite biopolymer actuators with selective spatial deformation behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (25) ◽  
pp. 14602-14608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yushu Wang ◽  
Wenwen Huang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Xuan Mu ◽  
Shengjie Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Spatial Deformation ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
Actuator System ◽  
Site Selective ◽  
Multilayer Actuators

Bioinspired actuators with stimuli-responsive and deformable properties are being pursued in fields such as artificial tissues, medical devices and diagnostics, and intelligent biosensors. These applications require that actuator systems have biocompatibility, controlled deformability, biodegradability, mechanical durability, and stable reversibility. Herein, we report a bionic actuator system consisting of stimuli-responsive genetically engineered silk–elastin-like protein (SELP) hydrogels and wood-derived cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), which respond to temperature and ionic strength underwater by ecofriendly methods. Programmed site-selective actuation can be predicted and folded into three-dimensional (3D) origami-like shapes. The reversible deformation performance of the SELP/CNF actuators was quantified, and complex spatial transformations of multilayer actuators were demonstrated, including a biomimetic flower design with selective petal movements. Such actuators consisting entirely of biocompatible and biodegradable materials will offer an option toward constructing stimuli-responsive systems for in vivo biomedicine soft robotics and bionic research.

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