Electrochemical Performance of Thick-Film Li(Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2)O2 Cathode with Hierarchic Structures and Laser Ablation

The electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries is directly influenced by type of active material as well as its morphology. In order to evaluate the impact of particle morphology in thick-film electrodes, Li(Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2)O2 (NMC 622) cathodes with bilayer structure consisting of two different particle sizes were manufactured and electrochemically characterized in coin cells design. The hierarchical thick-film electrodes were generated by multiple casting using NMC 622 (TA) with small particle size of 6.7 µm and NMC 622 (BA) with large particle size of 12.8 µm. Besides, reference electrodes with one type of active material as well as with two type of materials established during mixing process (BT) were manufactured. The total film thickness of all hierarchical composite electrodes were kept constant at 150 µm, while the thicknesses of TA and BA were set at 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1. Meanwhile, three kinds of thin-film cathodes with 70 µm were applied to represent the state-of-the-art approach. Subsequently, ultrafast laser ablation was applied to generate groove structures inside the electrodes. The results demonstrate that cells with thin-film or thick-film cathode only containing TA, cells with bilayer electrode containing TBA 1:2, and cells with laser-structured electrodes show higher capacity at C/2 to 5C, respectively.

Download Full-text

Li2O-Based Cathode Additives Enabling Prelithiation of Si Anodes

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112412027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (24) ◽

pp. 12027

Author(s):

Yeyoung Ha ◽

Maxwell C. Schulze ◽

Sarah Frisco ◽

Stephen E. Trask ◽

Glenn Teeter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coulombic Efficiency ◽

High Surface ◽

Solid Electrolyte Interphase ◽

Active Material ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Particle Morphology ◽

Lithium Oxide ◽

Si Anodes ◽

The Impact

Low first-cycle Coulombic efficiency is especially poor for silicon (Si)-based anodes due to the high surface area of the Si-active material and extensive electrolyte decomposition during the initial cycles forming the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Therefore, developing successful prelithiation methods will greatly benefit the development of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) utilizing Si anodes. In pursuit of this goal, in this study, lithium oxide (Li2O) was added to a LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) cathode using a scalable ball-milling approach to compensate for the initial Li loss at the anode. Different milling conditions were tested to evaluate the impact of particle morphology on the additive performance. In addition, Co3O4, a well-known oxygen evolution reaction catalyst, was introduced to facilitate the activation of Li2O. The Li2O + Co3O4 additives successfully delivered an additional capacity of 1116 mAh/gLi2O when charged up to 4.3 V in half cells and 1035 mAh/gLi2O when charged up to 4.1 V in full cells using Si anodes.

Download Full-text

Three-dimensional porous nickel supported Sn–O–C composite thin film as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c4ra16817h ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (40) ◽

pp. 31275-31281 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xin Qian ◽

Tao Hang ◽

Guang Ran ◽

Ming Li

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Electrochemical Performance ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Anode Material ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Composite Thin Film ◽

Organic Electrolyte ◽

Porous Nickel

A 3D porous Ni/Sn–O–C composite thin film anode is electrodeposited from organic electrolyte containing LiPF6 and exhibits satisfactory electrochemical performance.

Download Full-text

Environmental tests of embedded thin- and thick-film resistors in comparison to chip resistors

Circuit World ◽

10.1108/cw-10-2013-0039 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 7-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wojciech Steplewski ◽

Andrzej Dziedzic ◽

Janusz Borecki ◽

Grazyna Koziol ◽

Tomasz Serzysko

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Thick Film ◽

Electrical Resistance ◽

Printed Circuit Boards ◽

Base Material ◽

Forming Process ◽

Content Type ◽

Thin Film Resistors ◽

Embedded Resistors ◽

The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of parameters of embedded resistive elements manufacturing process as well as the influence of environmental factors on their electrical resistance. The investigations were made in comparison to the similar constructions of discrete chip resistors assembled to standard printed circuit boards (PCBs). Design/methodology/approach – The investigations were based on the thin-film resistors made of NiP alloy, thick-film resistors made of carbon or carbon-silver inks as well as chip resistors in 0402 and 0603 packages. The polymer thick-film resistive films were screen-printed on the several types finishing materials of contact terminations such as copper, silver, and gold. To determine the sensitivity of embedded resistors versus standard assembled chip resistors on environmental exposure, the climatic chamber was used. The measurements of resistance were carried out periodically during the tests, and after the exposure cycles. Findings – The results show that the change of electrical resistance of embedded resistors, in dependence of construction and base material, is different and mainly not exceed the range of 3 per cent. The achieved results in reference to thin-film resistors are comparable with results for standard chip resistors. However, the results that were obtained for thick-film resistors with Ag and Ni/Au contacts are similar. It was not found the big differences between resistors with and without conformal coating. Research limitations/implications – The studies show that embedded resistors can be used interchangeably with chip resistors. It allows to save the area on the surface of PCB, occupied by these passive elements, for assembly of active elements (ICs) and thus enable to miniaturization of electronic devices. But embedding of passive elements into PCB requires to tackle the effect of each forming process steps on the operational properties. Originality/value – The technique of passive elements embedding into PCB is generally known; however, there are no detailed reports on the impact of individual process steps and environmental conditions on the stability of their electrical resistance. The studies allow to understand the importance of each factor process and the mechanisms of operational properties changes depending on the used materials.

Download Full-text

Probing the Effect of High Energy Ball Milling on the Structure and Properties of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage ◽

10.1115/1.4034755 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Malcolm Stein ◽

Chien-Fan Chen ◽

Matthew Mullings ◽

David Jaime ◽

Audrey Zaleski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Electrochemical Performance ◽

Crystallite Size ◽

Ball Milling ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

High Energy ◽

Li Ion Batteries ◽

Structure And Properties ◽

Transfer Resistance ◽

Li Ion

Particle size plays an important role in the electrochemical performance of cathodes for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. High energy planetary ball milling of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) cathode materials was investigated as a route to reduce the particle size and improve the electrochemical performance. The effect of ball milling times, milling speeds, and composition on the structure and properties of NMC cathodes was determined. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that ball milling decreased primary particle (crystallite) size by up to 29%, and the crystallite size was correlated with the milling time and milling speed. Using relatively mild milling conditions that provided an intermediate crystallite size, cathodes with higher capacities, improved rate capabilities, and improved capacity retention were obtained within 14 μm-thick electrode configurations. High milling speeds and long milling times not only resulted in smaller crystallite sizes but also lowered electrochemical performance. Beyond reduction in crystallite size, ball milling was found to increase the interfacial charge transfer resistance, lower the electrical conductivity, and produce aggregates that influenced performance. Computations support that electrolyte diffusivity within the cathode and film thickness play a significant role in the electrode performance. This study shows that cathodes with improved performance are obtained through use of mild ball milling conditions and appropriately designed electrodes that optimize the multiple transport phenomena involved in electrochemical charge storage materials.

Download Full-text

Research Progress and Application of Modified Silicon-Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1036.35 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1036 ◽

pp. 35-44

Author(s):

Ling Fang Ruan ◽

Jia Wei Wang ◽

Shao Ming Ying

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Performance ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Volume Expansion ◽

Anode Materials ◽

Active Material ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Research Progress ◽

Ion Intercalation ◽

Silicon Based

Silicon-based anode materials have been widely discussed by researchers because of its high theoretical capacity, abundant resources and low working voltage platform,which has been considered to be the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However,there are some problems existing in the silicon-based anode materials greatly limit its wide application: during the process of charge/discharge, the materials are prone to about 300% volume expansion, which will resultin huge stress-strain and crushing or collapse on the anods; in the process of lithium removal, there is some reaction between active material and current collector, which creat an increase in the thickness of the solid phase electrolytic layer(SEI film); during charging and discharging, with the increase of cycle times, cracks will appear on the surface of silicon-based anode materials, which will cause the batteries life to decline. In order to solve these problems, firstly, we summarize the design of porous structure of nanometer sized silicon-based materials and focus on the construction of three-dimensional structural silicon-based materials, which using natural biomass, nanoporous carbon and metal organic framework as structural template. The three-dimensional structure not only increases the channel of lithium-ion intercalation and the rate of ion intercalation, but also makes the structure more stable than one-dimensional or two-dimensional. Secondly, the Si/C composite, SiOx composite and alloying treatment can improve the volume expansion effection, increase the rate of lithium-ion deblocking and optimize the electrochemical performance of the material. The composite materials are usually coated with elastic conductive materials on the surface to reduce the stress, increase the conductivity and improve the electrochemical performance. Finally, the future research direction of silicon-based anode materials is prospected.

Download Full-text

A step towards understanding the beneficial influence of a LIPON-based artificial SEI on silicon thin film anodes in lithium-ion batteries

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/c7nr06568j ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 2128-2137 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

A. Reyes Jiménez ◽

R. Nölle ◽

R. Wagner ◽

J. Hüsker ◽

M. Kolek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Electrochemical Performance ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Silicon Thin Film ◽

Sei Layer ◽

Thin Film Electrodes ◽

Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride

The influence of lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LIPON) as an “artificial SEI layer” on the electrochemical performance of silicon thin film electrodes.

Download Full-text

Probing the Influence of Multiscale Heterogeneity on Effective Properties of Graphite Electrodes

10.1149/osf.io/tdf7j ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chance A. Norris ◽

Mukul Parmananda ◽

Scott Alan Roberts ◽

Partha P. Mukherjee

Keyword(s):

Spatial Heterogeneity ◽

Transport Properties ◽

Effective Properties ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Particle Morphology ◽

Electrochemical Characteristics ◽

Pore Scale ◽

Structural Anisotropy ◽

Graphite Electrodes ◽

The Impact

Graphite electrodes in the lithium-ion battery exhibit various particle shapes, including spherical and platelet morphologies, which influence structural and electrochemical characteristics. It is well established that porous structures exhibit spatial heterogeneity, and particle morphology can influence transport properties. The impact of particle morphology on the heterogeneity and anisotropy of geometric and transport properties has not been previously studied. This study characterizes the spatial heterogeneities of eighteen graphite electrodes at multiple length scales by calculating and comparing structural anisotropy, geometric quantities, and transport properties (pore-scale tortuosity and electrical conductivity). We found that particle morphology and structural anisotropy play an integral role in determining the spatial heterogeneity of directional tortuosity and its dependency on pore-scale heterogeneity. Our analysis reveals that the magnitude of in-plane and through-plane tortuosity difference influences the multiscale heterogeneity in graphite electrodes.

Download Full-text

The impact of carbon additives on lithium ion diffusion kinetic of LiFePO4/C composites

Science and Technology Development Journal ◽

10.32508/stdj.v22i1.462 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 173-179

Author(s):

Thanh Dinh Duc ◽

Anh My-Thi Nguyen ◽

Tru Nhi Nguyen ◽

Hang Thi La ◽

Phung My Loan Le

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Performance ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Second Phase ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Scale Production ◽

X Rays ◽

Ion Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Kinetic ◽

The Impact ◽

Lithium Ion Diffusion

Introduction: LiFePO4/C composites were synthesized via physical mixing assisted solvothermal process. Different kinds of carbon materials were investigated including 0D (carbon Ketjen black), 1D (carbon nanotubes) and 2D (graphene) materials. X-rays diffraction patterns of carbon coated LiFePO4 synthesized by solvothermal was indexed to pure crystalline phase without the emergence of second phase. LiFePO4 platelets and rods were in range size of 80-200 nm and dispersed well in carbon matrix. The lithium ion diffusion kinetics was evaluated through the calculated diffusion coefficients to explore the impact of carbon mixing. Methods: In this work, we studied the structure, morphologies and the lithium ion diffusion kinetic of LiFePO4/C composites for Li-ion batteries. Different characterization methods were used including powder X-rays (for crystalline structure); Transmission Electron Microscopy (for particle and morphologies observation) and Cyclic voltammetry (for electrochemical kinetic study). Results: The study indicated LiFePO4/C composites were successfully obtained by mixing process and the electrochemical performance throughout the calculated diffusion coefficient was significantly improved by adding the carbon types. Conclusion: The excellent ion diffusion was obtained for composites LiFePO4/Ketjen black (KB) and LiFePO4/CNT compared to LiFePO4/Graphene. KB could be a potential candidate for large-scale production due to low-cost, stable and high electrochemical performance.

Download Full-text

LiFePO4-Graphene Composites as High-Performance Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: The Impact of Size and Morphology of Graphene

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12060842 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 842 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yanqing Fu ◽

Qiliang Wei ◽

Gaixia Zhang ◽

Yu Zhong ◽

Nima Moghimian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Performance ◽

High Performance ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Low Cost ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Iron Phosphate ◽

Full Potential ◽

Active Materials ◽

Size And Morphology ◽

The Impact

In this work, we investigated three types of graphene (i.e., home-made G, G V4, and G V20) with different size and morphology, as additives to a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode for the lithium-ion battery. Both the LFP and the two types of graphene (G V4 and G V20) were sourced from industrial, large-volume manufacturers, enabling cathode production at low cost. The use of wrinkled and/or large pieces of a graphene matrix shows promising electrochemical performance when used as an additive to the LFP, which indicates that the features of large and curved graphene pieces enable construction of a more effective conducting network to realize the full potential of the active materials. Specifically, compared to pristine LFP, the LFP/G, LFP/G V20, and LFP/G V4 show up to a 9.2%, 6.9%, and 4.6% increase, respectively, in a capacity at 1 C. Furthermore, the LFP combined with graphene exhibits a better rate performance than tested with two different charge/discharge modes. Moreover, from the economic and electrochemical performance view point, we also demonstrated that 1% of graphene content is optimized no matter the capacity calculated, based on the LFP/graphene composite or pure LFP.

Download Full-text