scholarly journals Synergetic Effect of Potassium Oxysalts on Combustion and Ignition of Al/CuO Composites

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3366
Author(s):  
Xiaohang Ma ◽  
Wanjun Zhao ◽  
Wei Le ◽  
Jianxin Li ◽  
Pengwan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Potassium Perchlorate ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Ternary Composite ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Combustion Performance ◽  
Pressurization Rate ◽  
Combustion Apparatus ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Better Than

In this study, we studied the synergetic effect of potassium oxysalts on combustion and ignition of nano aluminum (Al) and nano copper oxide (CuO) composites. Potassium periodate (KIO4) and potassium perchlorate (KClO4) are good oxidizers with high oxygen content and strong oxidizability. Different contents of KIO4 and KClO4 were added to nano Al/CuO and the composites were assembled by sonication. When the peak pressure of nano Al/CuO was increased ~5–13 times, the pressurization rate was improved by ~1–3 orders of magnitude, the ignition delay time was shortened by ~0.08 ms–0.52 ms and the reaction completeness was adjustable when 30–70% KIO4 and KClO4 were added into the composites. The reaction of Al/KIO4 and Al/KClO4 at a lower temperature was helpful to ignite the ternary composite. Meanwhile, CuO significantly reduced the peak temperature of oxygen released from the decomposition of KIO4 and KClO4. The synergetic effect of binary oxidizers made the combustion performance of the ternary composites better than that of the binary composites. The present work indicates that KIO4 and KClO4 are promising additives for nano Al/CuO to tune and promote the combustion performance. The ternary composites have potential application in energy devices and combustion apparatus.

Desiccation survival of larval and abult stages of the plant parasitic nematodes, Ditylenchus dipsaci and D. myceliophagus

Parasitology ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Stage Larva ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
General Survival ◽  
Ditylenchus Dipsaci ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Better Than

The effect of different relative humidities on the survival of individual larvae and adults of Ditylenchus dispasci and D. myceliophagus has been examined; experiments were carried out at 5 and 18°C with D. myceliophagusand at 18°C with D. dipsaci. Survival of both species was enhanced when they were dried at high humidities and, for D. myceliophagus, by the lower temperature. The survival of all stages of D. myceliophagus was poor. Generally it was expressed in minutes only; 4th-and 3rd-stage larvae, however, were marginally better at surviving drying than adults and much better than 2nd-stage larvae.Although the 4th-stage larva of D. dipsaci was overwhelmingly superior to all other stages, the 3rd stage, and to a lesser extent, the adult of this species also showed remarkable powers of survival to desiccation. In general, survival of 4th-, 3rd- and 2nd-stage larvae could be expressed in weeks, days and minutes respectively; for adults, survival was expressed in hours at relative humidites under 50% but in days at higher relative humidites.The results are discussed in relation to the survival value of the aggregations formed by these species; the validity of the term ‘resistantstage’ as applied to the 4th-stage larva of D. dipsaci is assessed.

Experimental Study on Foamed Asphalt Warm Mix Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 919-921 ◽  
pp. 1110-1114
Author(s):  
Ying Biao Wu ◽  
Jin Jin Shi ◽  
Chen Fang Yang ◽  
Sheng Xia Song
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
The Road ◽  
Foamed Asphalt ◽  
Outdoor Experiment ◽  
Road Performance ◽  
Cold Recycling ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Specification Requirement ◽  
Better Than

Usually, foamed asphalt as cold recycling mixture binder, study on foamed asphalt warm mix technology was limited in China. Aimed at the asphalt foaming characteristic, the paper put forward the best asphalt foaming condition and carried out indoor and outdoor experiment to study the road performance of warm mixed asphalt mixture. The paper proposed the maturation curing time concept and its evaluation method. Results indicated that the warm mixed asphalt mixtures road performance can meet the HMA specification requirement in a lower temperature of construction, and low-temperature crack resistance was better than the tradition hot mix asphalt mixture so the warm mix foamed mixture has a remarkable economic and society benefit.

Study on Fabrication, Defects and Compression Properties of Al Foams at Different Foaming Temperatures

2011 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Min Zhao ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Hai Peng Li ◽  
Zhi Feng Wang ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Compression Properties ◽  
Al Powder ◽  
Fabrication Defects ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Foaming Temperature ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Al Foams

Using Al powder as thickening agent and CaCO3 powder as foaming agent, Al foams with above 85% porosity, pore sizes between 1mm and 4mm and relatively uniform pore structure have been fabricated by melt foaming method at different foaming temperatures. Meanwhile, the paper researched the effect of foaming temperature on foaming effect and analyzed the defects in Al foams. At last, compression test were taken in order to investigate the mechanical properties of aluminum foams. The results showed that pore structure, pore distribution and compression properties of Al foams fabricated at 720°C were much better than that fabricated at lower temperature.

Experimental Investigation on Minimum Design Metal Temperature of Q345R Steel

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Shu ◽  
Jinyang Zheng ◽  
Binan Shou
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Estimation ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Metal Temperature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lower Region ◽  
Brittle Transition ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Better Than

Q345R is the most widely used material in manufacture of pressure vessels in China. It is recently permitted in ASME Code Case 2642 for the fabrication of pressure vessels with design temperature above −10°C without concern about the low stress conditions. However, it’s allowed to be used at above −20°C in Chinese standards. For understanding its properties under low temperature, a large amount of toughness test data of Q345R were collected from recent literature, and lots of Charpy V-notched (CVN) impact tests at a series of lower temperature were also conducted. Several Ductile-Brittle Transition (DBT) curves were drawn from the test results and some reference temperatures for DBT region and CVN energies at certain temperatures were obtained and discussed. Results show that its toughness at −20°C is much better than that required both in Chinese standards and American Codes. The reference temperature of Q345R was determined as −24.7°C by using a conservative statistical estimation. And It is suggested that the allowable Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT) of this material in American codes should be extended to a lower region.

Molecular Weight and its Distribution of PET Depolymerization Catalyzed by Zn(Ac)2 under Microwave Irradiation

2013 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 254-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wen Shu ◽  
Qing Hua Tang ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, the molecular weight and its distribution of PET during the process of the PET depolymerization catalyzed by Zn(Ac)2 under microwave irradiation were determined and studied via the method of GPC in 180°C, 190°C and 200°C respectively. The morphologies of the undepolymerized PET observed by SEM was used for the comparation of using or no catalyst. The results shown that Zn(Ac)2 could accelerate the depolymerization rate significantly, and the catalytic effect in lower temperature was better than that in higher temperature.

scholarly journals Influence of Alternative Fuel Ratio on Turbocharger Combustor

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Prabhat SINGH ◽  
Dharmahinder Singh CHAND ◽  
Sourav PAL ◽  
Aadya MISHRA
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Combustion Performance ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
Alternate Fuels ◽  
High Octane

The present study investigates the effects of alternative fuel properties on combustion performance, in order to ensure reliable combustion performance using various fuel blends for powering an engine. The increasing rate of fuel cost and depletion of fossil fuels has led to the search for alternate fuels. Palm biodiesel derived from palm fatty acids meets the fuel requirements of an aircraft and is compatible with any engine without modifications. Viability of using a blend of present fossil fuels with biodiesel is studied. The engine was operated with petrol, diesel, palm biodiesel and a blend of these three fuels as a pair, with various ratios. The fuel was injected into the combustion chamber at an angle of 45o to the airflow and ignited using a spark plug. The blended fuel is found to have better efficiency than petrol or diesel. Furthermore, the low cost and abundant availability of the biofuel make it a viable alternative to the petroleum-based fuels currently in use. The combustion time and ignition delay are decreased with efficient biofuel due to high oxygen content and high octane number of the biofuel.

scholarly journals COMBUSTION STUDY OF WASTE COOKING OIL BIODIESEL IN AN OIL BURNER

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Nur Fatin Amiera Nik Aziz ◽  
Mazlan Said ◽  
Muhammad Syahiran Abdul Malik ◽  
Mohammad Nazri Mohd. Jaafar ◽  
Norazila Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Combustion Performance ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Lower Temperature

Depletion of fossil fuels, concerns on environment, and fuel price fluctuation have become the major drives in searching for sustainable alternative fuel. In that regard, a study was conducted to evaluate the combustion performance of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) converted into biodiesel and blended with Conventional Diesel Fuel (CDF) as a mean of sustainable replacement for diesel fuel. In this study, the production of biodiesel fuel from waste cooking oil was done via transesterification process, using the single step approach. The properties of the WCO biodiesel was characterized. The combustion performance of the produced fuels has been studied for B10 and B30 biodiesel from WCO and CDF (as baseline) based on their wall temperature profiles and gaseous emissions generated such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). It was found that the B30 WCO biodiesel emits lower emission compared to CDF but at the same time generates a lower temperature profile.

Removal of Nonylphenol from Water by Ozone

2013 ◽  
Vol 859 ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Wang ◽  
Yang Lv ◽  
Meng Meng Li ◽  
Hong Ye Liu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Better Than

This study investigates the degradation of Nonylphenol. The degradation affecting factors including solution ozone dosage, initial concentration, pH, temperature and ultraviolet. The results indicated that when the ozone contents changes, the Nonylphenols degradation rate changes as well. The higher ozone concentration contribute to the faster degradation; With the increase of initial concentration of Nonylphenol, the removal rate of it decrease on the contrary, while with the initial concentration increases, the quality of unit ozone degradation of Nonylphenol is ascenting and then tend to a constant; The remove rate of Nonylphenol is improving when the pH value vary from 4.86~10.34. The effect of Nonylphenols ozonation in higher temperatures is better than it is in lower temperature; Ultraviolet radiation is also favorable for the removal of Nonylphenol as it can shorten the reaction time as well as reduce the amount of ozone.

scholarly journals The Promotional Effects of ZrO2 and Au on the CuZnO Catalyst Regarding the Durability and Activity of the Partial Oxidation of Methanol

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Yu Huang ◽  
Hao-I Chen ◽  
Yuh-Jeen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Methanol Conversion ◽  
Oxidation Of Methanol ◽  
Partial Oxidation Of Methanol ◽  
Deactivation Rate Constant ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Better Than

The promoter ZrO2 was applied to prevent Cu crystallites from sintering over CZ (ca. Cu 30 wt.% and Zn 70 wt.%) under partial oxidation of the methanol (POM) reaction. Gold was selected to promote the performance of CZrZ (ca. Cu 31 wt.%, Zr 16 wt.%, and Zn 53 wt.%) catalyst to overcome a high ignition temperature of 175 °C and CO selectivity (SCO) (>10% at T. > 200 °C). Experimentally, the deactivation rate constant of A5CZrZ (ca. Au 5 wt.%, Cu 31 wt.%, Zr 17 wt.%, and Zn 47 wt.%) and CZrZ was 1.7 times better than A5CZ (ca. Au 5 wt.%, Cu 31 wt.%, and Zn 64 wt.%) and CZ. The methanol conversion of CZrZ and A5CZrZ catalysts was kept higher than 70% for 12 h in an accelerated aging process. Meanwhile, the Au prompted more methoxy species oxidizing to formate on Cu+-rich A5CZrZ surface at lower temperature, and also improved CO transfer from formate reacting with moveable oxygen to form CO2. The SCO can lower to ca. 6% at 200 °C after adding 3–5% of gold promoter. These features all prove that the CZ catalyst with ZrO2 and Au promoters could enhance catalytic activity, lower the SCO and ignition temperature, and maintain good durability in the POM reaction.

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