scholarly journals Nonlinear Absorption Properties of Cr2Ge2Te6 and Its Application as an Ultra-Fast Optical Modulator

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-fei Ma ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
Hua-nian Zhang ◽  
Shan-hui Xu ◽  
Zhong-min Yang
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Absorption ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Ring Cavity ◽  
Optical Modulator ◽  
Optical Modulators ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Stable Mode ◽  
Power Pulse ◽  
Saturation Intensity ◽  
Er Doped

In this manuscript, the nonlinear absorption properties of Cr2Ge2Te6 and its application in ultra-fast optical modulation are investigated. Typical parameters, namely, nonlinear absorption coefficient (β), saturation intensity, and modulation depth are measured to be ~1.66 × 10−9 m/W, 15.3 MW/cm2, and 5.8%, respectively. To investigate the feasibility of using the Cr2Ge2Te6 as an ultra-fast optical modulator, a ring-cavity passively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser has been constructed. The output power/pulse, duration/pulse, and repetition rate/signal-to-noise ratios for the stable mode-locked operation are 2.88 mW/881 fs/19.33 MHz/48 dB, respectively, which proves that the Cr2Ge2Te6 has outstanding nonlinear optical properties and advantages in performing as an ultra-fast optical modulator. Further, the experimental results provide valuable references and open new avenues for developing two-dimensional, material-based, ultra-fast optical modulators and advanced photonic devices based on Cr2Ge2Te6.

scholarly journals Nonlinear Optical Properties of Zirconium Diselenide and Its Ultra-Fast Modulator Application

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Zheng ◽  
Guo ◽  
Chen ◽  
Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Absorption ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Ring Cavity ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenide ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Zirconium Diselenide

Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely studied by researchers due to their exceptional 2D structure and excellent optical characteristics. As one of the typically-layered 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors from group IVB with a bandgap value of 0.9–1.2 eV (bulk to monolayer), the characteristics of zirconium diselenide (ZrSe2) have already been extensively investigated in many fields. However, the nonlinear absorption properties of ZrSe2 in ultra-fast lasers have not been previously demonstrated. In this work, we measured various parameters in order to investigate the characteristics of the nonlinear saturable absorption of ZrSe2. A ZrSe2–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film was successfully prepared, which was employed as a saturable absorber (SA) to demonstrate, for the first time, an erbium (Er)-doped passive mode-locking fiber laser with a ring cavity. The saturation intensity of the ZrSe2–PVA film-type SA is 12.72 MW/cm2, while its modulation depth is 2.3%. The stable soliton state with a maximum output power of 11.37 mW and a narrowest monopulse duration of 12.5 ps at a repetition frequency of 21.22 MHz was detected. The experimental results conclusively proved that ZrSe2, with its suitable bandgap value and excellent nonlinear absorption properties, as well as its high damage threshold, should have extensive potential applications within the field of ultra-fast pulse lasers.

scholarly journals Nonlinear absorption properties and excited-state charge-transfer dynamics of Er doped ZnO films

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Qiu Li ◽  
Cheng-Bao Yao ◽  
Yu Cai ◽  
Yue Han ◽  
Ke-Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Nonlinear Absorption ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Doped Zno ◽  
Charge Transfer Dynamics ◽  
Er Doped ◽  
State Charge

scholarly journals 164 fs mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser based on tungsten ditelluride

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2763-2769
Author(s):  
Mengli Liu ◽  
Wenjun Liu ◽  
Ximei Liu ◽  
Yuyi Ouyang ◽  
Zhiyi Wei
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafast Lasers ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Ring Cavity ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Ultrashort Pulses ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Broadband Absorption ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Metal Dichalcogenides

AbstractIn recent years, the diversity of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has made them occupy the essential status in the exploration of saturable absorbing materials. WTe2, also an important member of TMDs not only exhibits narrower band gap than MoS2 or WS2, but also has fast relaxation time, thus it has advantages in the realization of broadband absorption and ultrashort pulses. In this work, a WTe2 saturable absorber (SA) fabricated by magnetron sputtering technology features nonlinear absorption coefficient of −3.78 × 10−5 cm/W and modulation depth of 37.95%. After integrating this WTe2 SA into the ring cavity, a 164 fs mode-locked laser is achieved at 1557.71 nm. The laser remains stable about 8 h with an output power of 36.7 mW. The results show the favorable saturable absorption properties of WTe2, and further demonstrate the potential of WTe2 in the realization of ultrashort pulses, which indicates that WTe2 can be regarded as a possible candidate for future ultrafast lasers.

scholarly journals Nonlinear optical property measurements of rhenium diselenide used for ultrafast fiber laser mode-locking at 1.9 μm

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinho Lee ◽  
Suhyoung Kwon ◽  
Taeyoon Kim ◽  
Junha Jung ◽  
Luming Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Ring Cavity ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Closed Aperture ◽  
Electronic Band ◽  
Saturation Intensity ◽  
Rhenium Diselenide ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Device

AbstractAn experimental investigation into the nonlinear optical properties of rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) was conducted at a wavelength of 1.9 μm using the open-aperture and closed-aperture Z-scan techniques for the nonlinear optical coefficient (β) and nonlinear refractive index (n2) of ReSe2, respectively. β and n2 measured at 1.9 μm were ~ − 11.3 × 103 cm/GW and ~ − 6.2 × 10–2 cm2/GW, respectively, which to the best of our knowledge, are the first reported measurements for ReSe2 in the 1.9-μm spectral region. The electronic band structures of both ReSe2 and its defective structures were also calculated via the Perdew–Becke–Erzenhof functional to better understand their absorption properties. A saturable absorber (SA) was subsequently fabricated to demonstrate the usefulness of ReSe2 for implementing a practical nonlinear optical device at 1.9 μm. The 1.9-μm SA exhibited a modulation depth of ~ 8% and saturation intensity of ~ 11.4 MW/cm2. The successful use of the ReSe2-based SA for mode-locking of a thulium–holmium (Tm–Ho) co-doped fiber ring cavity was achieved with output pulses of ~ 840 fs at 1927 nm. We believe that the mode-locking was achieved through a hybrid mechanism of saturable absorption and nonlinear polarization rotation.

scholarly journals Double-layer graphene on photonic crystal waveguide electro-absorption modulator with 12 GHz bandwidth

Nanophotonics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2377-2385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Cheng ◽  
Xiaolong Zhu ◽  
Michael Galili ◽  
Lars Hagedorn Frandsen ◽  
Hao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Slow Light ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Photonic Crystal Waveguide ◽  
Optical Modulators ◽  
Layer Graphene ◽  
Silicon Photonic ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Silicon Based

AbstractGraphene has been widely used in silicon-based optical modulators for its ultra-broadband light absorption and ultrafast optoelectronic response. By incorporating graphene and slow-light silicon photonic crystal waveguide (PhCW), here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a unique double-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator in telecommunication applications. The modulator exhibits a modulation depth of 0.5 dB/μm with a bandwidth of 13.6 GHz, while graphene coverage length is only 1.2 μm in simulations. We also fabricated the graphene modulator on silicon platform, and the device achieved a modulation bandwidth at 12 GHz. The proposed graphene-PhCW modulator may have potentials in the applications of on-chip interconnections.

scholarly journals VS2 as saturable absorber for Q-switched pulse generation

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2569-2576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Li ◽  
Lihui Pang ◽  
Qiyi Zhao ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Wenjun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Laser Cavity ◽  
Pulse Generation ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Power Pulse ◽  
Metal Dichalcogenides

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides have been widely utilized as nonlinear optical materials for laser pulse generation applications. Herein, we study the nonlinear optical properties of a VS2-based optical device and its application as a new saturable absorber (SA) for high-power pulse generation. Few-layer VS2 nanosheets are deposited on the tapered region of a microfiber to form an SA device, which shows a modulation depth of 40.52%. After incorporating the microfiber-VS2 SA into an Er-doped fiber laser cavity, passively Q-switched pulse trains could be obtained with repetition rates varying from 95 to 233 kHz. Under the pump power of 890 mW, the largest output power and shortest pulse duration are measured to be 43 mW and 854 ns, respectively. The high signal-to-noise ratio of 60 dB confirms the excellent stability of the Q-switching state. To the best of our knolowdge, this is the first illustration of using VS2 as an SA. Our experimental results demonstrate that VS2 nanomaterials have a large potential for nonlinear optics applications.

scholarly journals Dynamics of carbon nanotube-based mode-locking fiber lasers

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2731-2761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Huang ◽  
Yusheng Zhang ◽  
Xueming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Saturation Intensity ◽  
Soliton Dynamics ◽  
Deep Modulation

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT) can work as excellent saturable absorber (SA) due to its advantages of fast recovery, low saturation intensity, polarization insensitivity, deep modulation depth, broad operation bandwidth, outstanding environmental stability, and affordable fabrication. Its successful application as SA has promoted the development of scientific research and practical application of mode-locked fiber lasers. Besides, mode-locked fiber laser constitutes an ideal platform for investigating soliton dynamics which exhibit profound nonlinear optical dynamics and excitation ubiquitous in many fields. Up to now, a variety of soliton dynamics have been observed. Among these researches, CNT-SA is a key component that suppresses the environmental perturbation and optimizes the laser system to reveal the true highly stochastic and non-repetitive unstable phenomena of the initial self-starting lasing process. This review is intended to provide an up-to-date introduction to the development of CNT-SA based ultrafast fiber lasers, with emphasis on recent progress in real-time buildup dynamics of solitons in CNT-SA mode-locked fiber lasers. It is anticipated that study of dynamics of solitons can not only further reveal the physical nature of solitons, but also optimize the performance of ultrafast fiber lasers and eventually expand their applications in different fields.

scholarly journals The photoluminescence, field emission and femtosecond nonlinear absorption properties of Al-doped ZnO nanowires, nanobelts, and nanoplane-cone morphologies

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (59) ◽  
pp. 34547-34558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Tong Cao ◽  
Yu Cai ◽  
Cheng-Bao Yao ◽  
Sheng-Bin Bao ◽  
Yue Han
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Nonlinear Absorption ◽  
Zno Nanowires ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Doped Zno

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) nanowires, nanobelts and nanoplane-cone nanostructures have been successfully synthesized.

scholarly journals All-optical modulation based on MoS2-Plasmonic nanoslit hybrid structures

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiying Sun ◽  
Changbin Nie ◽  
Xingzhan Wei ◽  
Hu Mao ◽  
Yupeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Optical Modulator ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Light Modulation ◽  
Optical Modulators ◽  
Signal Light ◽  
All Optical

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) materials with excellent optical properties and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility have promising application prospects for developing highly efficient, small-scale all-optical modulators. However, due to the weak nonlinear light-material interaction, high power density and large contact area are usually required, resulting in low light modulation efficiency. In addition, the use of such large-band-gap materials limits the modulation wavelength. In this study, we propose an all-optical modulator integrated Si waveguide and single-layer MoS2 with a plasmonic nanoslit, wherein modulation and signal light beams are converted into plasmon through nanoslit confinement and together are strongly coupled to 2D MoS2. This enables MoS2 to absorb signal light with photon energies less than the bandgap, thereby achieving high-efficiency amplitude modulation at 1550 nm. As a result, the modulation efficiency of the device is up to 0.41 dB μm−1, and the effective size is only 9.7 µm. Compared with other 2D material-based all-optical modulators, this fabricated device exhibits excellent light modulation efficiency with a micron-level size, which is potential in small-scale optical modulators and chip-integration applications. Moreover, the MoS2-plasmonic nanoslit modulator also provides an opportunity for TMDs in the application of infrared optoelectronics.

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