scholarly journals Nonlinear optical property measurements of rhenium diselenide used for ultrafast fiber laser mode-locking at 1.9 μm

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinho Lee ◽  
Suhyoung Kwon ◽  
Taeyoon Kim ◽  
Junha Jung ◽  
Luming Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Ring Cavity ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Closed Aperture ◽  
Electronic Band ◽  
Saturation Intensity ◽  
Rhenium Diselenide ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Device

AbstractAn experimental investigation into the nonlinear optical properties of rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) was conducted at a wavelength of 1.9 μm using the open-aperture and closed-aperture Z-scan techniques for the nonlinear optical coefficient (β) and nonlinear refractive index (n2) of ReSe2, respectively. β and n2 measured at 1.9 μm were ~ − 11.3 × 103 cm/GW and ~ − 6.2 × 10–2 cm2/GW, respectively, which to the best of our knowledge, are the first reported measurements for ReSe2 in the 1.9-μm spectral region. The electronic band structures of both ReSe2 and its defective structures were also calculated via the Perdew–Becke–Erzenhof functional to better understand their absorption properties. A saturable absorber (SA) was subsequently fabricated to demonstrate the usefulness of ReSe2 for implementing a practical nonlinear optical device at 1.9 μm. The 1.9-μm SA exhibited a modulation depth of ~ 8% and saturation intensity of ~ 11.4 MW/cm2. The successful use of the ReSe2-based SA for mode-locking of a thulium–holmium (Tm–Ho) co-doped fiber ring cavity was achieved with output pulses of ~ 840 fs at 1927 nm. We believe that the mode-locking was achieved through a hybrid mechanism of saturable absorption and nonlinear polarization rotation.

scholarly journals Nonlinear Optical Properties of Zirconium Diselenide and Its Ultra-Fast Modulator Application

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Zheng ◽  
Guo ◽  
Chen ◽  
Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Absorption ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Ring Cavity ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenide ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Zirconium Diselenide

Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely studied by researchers due to their exceptional 2D structure and excellent optical characteristics. As one of the typically-layered 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors from group IVB with a bandgap value of 0.9–1.2 eV (bulk to monolayer), the characteristics of zirconium diselenide (ZrSe2) have already been extensively investigated in many fields. However, the nonlinear absorption properties of ZrSe2 in ultra-fast lasers have not been previously demonstrated. In this work, we measured various parameters in order to investigate the characteristics of the nonlinear saturable absorption of ZrSe2. A ZrSe2–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film was successfully prepared, which was employed as a saturable absorber (SA) to demonstrate, for the first time, an erbium (Er)-doped passive mode-locking fiber laser with a ring cavity. The saturation intensity of the ZrSe2–PVA film-type SA is 12.72 MW/cm2, while its modulation depth is 2.3%. The stable soliton state with a maximum output power of 11.37 mW and a narrowest monopulse duration of 12.5 ps at a repetition frequency of 21.22 MHz was detected. The experimental results conclusively proved that ZrSe2, with its suitable bandgap value and excellent nonlinear absorption properties, as well as its high damage threshold, should have extensive potential applications within the field of ultra-fast pulse lasers.

scholarly journals Dynamics of carbon nanotube-based mode-locking fiber lasers

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2731-2761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Huang ◽  
Yusheng Zhang ◽  
Xueming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Saturation Intensity ◽  
Soliton Dynamics ◽  
Deep Modulation

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT) can work as excellent saturable absorber (SA) due to its advantages of fast recovery, low saturation intensity, polarization insensitivity, deep modulation depth, broad operation bandwidth, outstanding environmental stability, and affordable fabrication. Its successful application as SA has promoted the development of scientific research and practical application of mode-locked fiber lasers. Besides, mode-locked fiber laser constitutes an ideal platform for investigating soliton dynamics which exhibit profound nonlinear optical dynamics and excitation ubiquitous in many fields. Up to now, a variety of soliton dynamics have been observed. Among these researches, CNT-SA is a key component that suppresses the environmental perturbation and optimizes the laser system to reveal the true highly stochastic and non-repetitive unstable phenomena of the initial self-starting lasing process. This review is intended to provide an up-to-date introduction to the development of CNT-SA based ultrafast fiber lasers, with emphasis on recent progress in real-time buildup dynamics of solitons in CNT-SA mode-locked fiber lasers. It is anticipated that study of dynamics of solitons can not only further reveal the physical nature of solitons, but also optimize the performance of ultrafast fiber lasers and eventually expand their applications in different fields.

Passively mode-locked in Er-doped fiber laser based on semi-metallic InBi saturable absorber

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Hu ◽  
Rong Huang ◽  
Ziqiao Wei ◽  
Minru Wen ◽  
Fugen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Nodal Line ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Optical Nonlinearities ◽  
Passive Mode ◽  
Central Wavelength ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Er Doped

Abstract Two-dimensional materials have drawn great interest for their applications in mode-locking owning to their unique optical nonlinearities. However, most of these 2D materials are semi-conductor. In this study, a new kind of semimetal Indium bismuth (InBi) is reported which is a topological nodal-line semimetal with exotic physical properties. The InBi nanomaterials was prepared through liquid phase exfoliation method with average thickness of 32.8 nm. The saturable absorption property was measured and passive mode-locking operation was achieved successfully in Er-doped fiber laser. It exhibits a modulation depth of 3.21%, a saturable intensity of 100 MW/cm2, and a pulse width about 859.97 fs corresponding to the central wavelength of 1562.27 nm and 3-dB bandwidth of 2.98 nm. The experimental results open a new avenue for the use of semimetals InBi nanomaterials in lasers and photonics applications.

ABSORPTION, EMISSION AND NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF REACTIVE DYE

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 481-490
Author(s):  
SHENG-LI GUO ◽  
ZHUN GUO ◽  
T. SUSDORF ◽  
TIAN-DE CAO
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Reactive Orange

An optical spectroscopic characterization is carried out on a reactive dye (reactive orange 1). This dye is widely applied in textile coloration. It is a potential candidate for photonics applications. Its absorption cross-section spectra are measured. A fluorescence spectroscopic characterization is undertaken by measuring the fluorescence quantum distributions and fluorescence quantum yields. The saturable absorption is studied by nonlinear transmission measurements with intense picosecond laser pulses (second harmonic pulses of a mode-locked Nd :glass laser). The nonlinear optical absorption and refraction coefficients are measured by using the top-hat Z-scan technique at a wavelength of 532 nm with 35 ps duration pulses. Reactive orange 1 has the two-photon absorption coefficient of 1.20 cm/GW and the nonlinear refraction coefficient of -7.33 × 10-6 cm2/GW, respectively. In reactive orange 1, there occurs fast ground-state recovery by internal conversion likely via conical intersections. Low excited-state absorption and fast ground-state absorption recovery make it an ideal candidate for passive mode-locking of picosecond and femtosecond lasers as well as for fast nonlinear optical gating.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles under Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Excitation as an Intensity Sensitive Saturable Absorption to Reverse Saturable Absorption Switching Material

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Edappadikkunnummal Shiju ◽  
Kaniyarakkal Sharafudeen ◽  
T. M. Remya ◽  
N. K. Siji Narendran ◽  
Palengara Sudheesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Optical Nonlinearity ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Reverse Saturable Absorption ◽  
Closed Aperture ◽  
Ag Nps

Optical nonlinearity involved switching draws an important consideration in nonlinear optical studies. Based on that, we explored nonlinear absorption processes in silver nanoparticles synthesized by liquid phase laser ablation technique employing a second harmonic wavelength (532 nm) of Q switched Nd:YAG laser pulses with 7 ns pulse width and 10 Hz repetition rates. The typical surface plasmon resonance induced absorption (~418 nm) confirmed the formation of Ag NPs. The Z-scan technique was used to study the nonlinear optical processes, employing the same laser system used for ablation. Our study reveals that there is an occurrence of a saturable to reverse saturable absorption switching activity in the Ag nanoparticles, which is strongly on-axis input intensity dependent as well. The closed aperture Z-scan analysis revealed the self-defocusing nature of the sample.

Carbon Nanomaterials Based Saturable Absorbers for Ultrafast Passive Mode-Locking of Fiber Lasers

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-457
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsien Cheng ◽  
Gong-Ru Lin
Keyword(s):  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Optical Nonlinearity ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Passive Mode ◽  
Saturable Absorbers ◽  
Saturation Intensity

This paper emphasizes on overviewing the developing progress of the state-of-the-art carbon nanomaterial-based saturable absorbers for passively mode-locked fiber lasers, including carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene, graphite and other carbon nanomaterials. With reviewing the performances of these proposed candidates, the characteristic parameters required for initiating and stabilizing the passive mode-locked fiber lasers are summarized for comparison and discussion. At first, the basic characteristics such as saturation intensity and self-amplitude-modulation (SAM) coefficients of the CNT material with different-wall types are discussed in detail. In comparison, the single-wall CNT possesses optical nonlinearity better than double-wall CNT, whereas the doublewall CNT exhibits wavelength tenability and the multi-wall CNT fails to initiate mode-locking. Subsequently, different graphene saturable absorbers with slightly changing their optical properties made by various fabrication technologies are introduced to take over the role of typical CNT saturable absorber. The detailed analyses on graphene saturable absorber for developing various types of passively mode-locked fiber lasers are overviewed. At last, other new-aspect graphite and carbon nanomaterials related saturable absorbers have emerged because they reveal similar optical nonlinearity with graphene but exhibit cost-effectiveness and easy-production. When changing saturable absorber from graphene to other carbon nanomaterials, the modulation depth is decreased but the saturation intensity is concurrently enlarged because of the disordered structure with increased interlayer spacing and reduced graphene content. At the current stage, selecting carbon nanomaterials with high nonlinear absorbance and low saturated intensity for large SAM coefficient is the golden rule for passively mode-locked the fiber lasers in future academic and industrial applications.

scholarly journals Ultrafast Fiber Lasers with Low-Dimensional Saturable Absorbers: Status and Prospects

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3676
Author(s):  
Pulak Chandra Debnath ◽  
Dong-Il Yeom
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Laser Applications ◽  
Integration Schemes ◽  
Pulsed Fiber Laser ◽  
Low Dimensional

Wide-spectral saturable absorption (SA) in low-dimensional (LD) nanomaterials such as zero-, one-, and two-dimensional materials has been proven experimentally with outstanding results, including low saturation intensity, deep modulation depth, and fast carrier recovery time. LD nanomaterials can therefore be used as SAs for mode-locking or Q-switching to generate ultrafast fiber laser pulses with a high repetition rate and short duration in the visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared wavelength regions. Here, we review the recent development of emerging LD nanomaterials as SAs for ultrafast mode-locked fiber laser applications in different dispersion regimes such as anomalous and normal dispersion regimes of the laser cavity operating in the near-infrared region, especially at ~1550 nm. The preparation methods, nonlinear optical properties of LD SAs, and various integration schemes for incorporating LD SAs into fiber laser systems are introduced. In addition to these, externally (electrically or optically) controlled pulsed fiber laser behavior and other characteristics of various LD SAs are summarized. Finally, the perspectives and challenges facing LD SA-based mode-locked ultrafast fiber lasers are highlighted.

scholarly journals Sigmoid Type Neuromorphic Activation Function Based on Saturable Absorption Behavior of Graphene/PMMA Composite for Intensity Modulation of Surface Plasmon Polariton signals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Tari ◽  
Alessandro Bile ◽  
Francesca Moratti ◽  
Eugenio Fazio
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Surface Plasmon Polariton ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Activation Function ◽  
Intensity Modulation ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Saturation Intensity ◽  
Plasmon Polariton ◽  
Photonic Components

Abstract For an optical technology to be feasible as a substitution of electronics one, it is required the waveguides be capable of confining and directing light signals in much smaller dimensions than the operating wavelength of the light, i.e. subwavelength optical components must be realized. One approach to miniaturize the size of the photonic components is to benefit the hybrid nature of Surface Plasmon Polariton which addresses the problem with the diffraction limit of regular photonic components. Here, the authors present a two-dimensional numerical simulation of a passive photonic element based on a saturable absorber material as an analogy to the biological neurons activation function. They demonstrate that at telecom wavelengths a highly confined SPP mode can be modulated in a nonlinear fashion by considering the carrier dynamics of graphene/PMMA polymeric composite as a two-level system. The sigmoid type nonlinear activation function derived from this study, further characterized and the parameters which appeared to be effective on the performance of the structure, such as saturation intensity, modulation depth, and thickness of the synaptic part as a Fabry-Perot structure, has been studied.

scholarly journals Generation and dynamics of soliton and soliton molecules from a VSe2/GO-based fiber laser

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benhai Wang ◽  
Haobin Han ◽  
Lijun Yu ◽  
Yueyue Wang ◽  
Chaoqing Dai
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Pulse Interval ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Soliton Dynamics

Abstract Recently, in addition to exploring the application of new saturable absorber devices in fiber lasers, soliton dynamics has also become a focus of current research. In this article, we report an ultrashort pulse fiber laser based on VSe2/GO nanocomposite and verify the formation process of soliton and soliton molecules by the numerical simulation. The prepared VSe2/GO-based device shows excellent saturable absorption characteristics with a modulation depth of 14.3% and a saturation absorption intensity of 0.93 MW/cm2. The conventional soliton is obtained with pulse width of 573 fs, which is currently the narrowest pulse width based on VSe2-related material, and has a signal-to-noise ratio of 60.4 dB. In addition, the soliton molecules are realized based on the VSe2/GO for the first time and have a pulse interval of ∼2.2 ps. We study the soliton dynamics through numerical simulation and reveal that before the formation of the soliton, it undergoes multiple nonlinear stages, such as soliton mode-locking, soliton splitting, and soliton oscillation. Furthermore, the results of numerical simulation are agreed well with the experimental data. These results indicate that the VSe2/GO might be another promising saturable absorber material for ultrafast photonics, and deepen the understanding of soliton dynamics in ultrafast fiber lasers.

scholarly journals High-Quality, InN-Based, Saturable Absorbers for Ultrafast Laser Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7832
Author(s):  
Laura Monroy ◽  
Marco Jiménez-Rodríguez ◽  
Eva Monroy ◽  
Miguel González-Herráez ◽  
Fernando B. Naranjo
Keyword(s):  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Indium Nitride ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Ultrafast Laser ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Saturable Absorbers ◽  
Semiconductor Saturable Absorber ◽  
Laser Development ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Er Doped

New fabrication methods are strongly demanded for the development of thin-film saturable absorbers with improved optical properties (absorption band, modulation depth, nonlinear optical response). In this sense, we investigate the performance of indium nitride (InN) epitaxial layers with low residual carrier concentration (<1018 cm−3), which results in improved performance at telecom wavelengths (1560 nm). These materials have demonstrated a huge modulation depth of 23% and a saturation fluence of 830 µJ/cm2, and a large saturable absorption around −3 × 104 cm/GW has been observed, attaining an enhanced, nonlinear change in transmittance. We have studied the use of such InN layers as semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) for an erbium (Er)-doped fiber laser to perform mode-locking generation at 1560 nm. We demonstrate highly stable, ultrashort (134 fs) pulses with an energy of up to 5.6 nJ.

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