Associations of Dairy Intake with Arterial Stiffness in Brazilian Adults: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Abstract Background The mechanisms that underlie the link between migraine and cardiovascular diseases are not clear and arterial stiffness could play a role in that association. We analyzed the association between migraine and vascular stiffness measured by carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV-cf). Methods In a cross-sectional analysis of a well-defined population from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) with complete and validated information about migraine and aura according to the International Headache Society criteria, the association between arterial stiffness measured by PWV-cf was tested with multiple linear regression models [β (95% CI)] comparing migraine without aura (MO) and migraine with aura (MA) to the reference group no-migraine (NM). Subsequent adjustments were made for mean arterial pressure, age, sex, education level, physical activity, alcohol use, diabetes mellitus, smoking, antihypertensive medication, body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, and LDL-c level to test the independence of the association between migraine status and pulse wave velocity. Results We studied 4,649 participants, 2,521 women (25.7% MO and 15% MA) and 2,128 men (11% MO and 4.3% MA). In NM, MO, and MA standard PWV-cf were 8.67 (±1.71) 8.11 (±1.31) and 8.01 (±1.47) m/s, respectively. Unadjusted PWV-cf differed between NM, MA, and MO (P < 0.001). After adjustment for mean arterial pressure PWV-cf in NM did not differ anymore from MA (P = 0.525) and MO (P = 0.121), respectively. Fully adjusted models also yielded nonsignificant coefficients β (95% CI) −0.079 (−0.280; 0.122) and −0.162 (−0.391; 0.067) for MO and MA, respectively. Conclusion In this large cohort of middle-aged adults, aortic PWV was not associated with migraine.

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Associations of dairy intake with glycemia and insulinemia, independent of obesity, in Brazilian adults: the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.3945/ajcn.114.102152 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 101 (4) ◽

pp. 775-782 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Michele Drehmer ◽

Mark A Pereira ◽

Maria Inês Schmidt ◽

Maria Del Carmen B Molina ◽

Sheila Alvim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Diabetes Diagnosis ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Adult Health ◽

Dairy Intake ◽

Hb A1c ◽

Dairy Consumption ◽

Fermented Dairy

ABSTRACT Background: Inverse associations between dairy intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes have been shown, but more studies are needed, especially from low- and middle-income countries. Objective: The objective was to describe the association between dairy products and direct measures of glycemic status in adults without known diabetes. Design: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) includes 15,105 adults, aged 35–74 y, enrolled from universities and research institutions in 6 Brazilian capital cities. We excluded participants with a known diabetes diagnosis, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Dairy consumption was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire, and we computed servings per day for total and subgroups of dairy. Associations with fasting blood glucose (FG) and fasting insulin, 2-h postload glucose (PG), 2-h postload insulin (PI), glycated hemoglobin (Hb A1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed through multivariable linear regression analysis with adjustment for demographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors, other dietary factors, and anthropometric measurements. Results: The sample size after exclusions was 10,010. The intake of total dairy was inversely associated with FG (linear β for dairy servings/d = −0.46 ± 0.2 mg/dL), PG (−1.25 ± 0.5 mg/dL), PI (−1.52 ± 0.6 mg/dL), Hb A1c (−0.02 ± 0.0%), and HOMA-IR (−0.04 ± 0.0) after adjustment for all covariates (P < 0.05 for all). The findings were consistent across categories of sex, race, obesity status, and dairy fat amount (reduced-fat vs. full-fat dairy). Fermented dairy products showed particularly strong inverse associations with the outcomes, with adjusted differences for a 1-serving/d increment of −0.24 (95% CI: −0.46, −0.02) mg/dL for FG, −0.86 (−1.42, −0.30) mg/dL for PG, and −0.01% (−0.02%, 0.00%) for Hb A1c. Myristic acid was the only nutrient that appeared to mediate the association between dairy intake and glycemia. Conclusion: Dairy intake, especially fermented dairy, was inversely associated with measures of glycemia and insulinemia in Brazilian adults without diagnosed diabetes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.com as NCT02320461.

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