scholarly journals Associations of dairy intake with glycemia and insulinemia, independent of obesity, in Brazilian adults: the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Drehmer ◽  
Mark A Pereira ◽  
Maria Inês Schmidt ◽  
Maria Del Carmen B Molina ◽  
Sheila Alvim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Hb A1c ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Fermented Dairy

ABSTRACT Background: Inverse associations between dairy intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes have been shown, but more studies are needed, especially from low- and middle-income countries. Objective: The objective was to describe the association between dairy products and direct measures of glycemic status in adults without known diabetes. Design: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) includes 15,105 adults, aged 35–74 y, enrolled from universities and research institutions in 6 Brazilian capital cities. We excluded participants with a known diabetes diagnosis, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Dairy consumption was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire, and we computed servings per day for total and subgroups of dairy. Associations with fasting blood glucose (FG) and fasting insulin, 2-h postload glucose (PG), 2-h postload insulin (PI), glycated hemoglobin (Hb A1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed through multivariable linear regression analysis with adjustment for demographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors, other dietary factors, and anthropometric measurements. Results: The sample size after exclusions was 10,010. The intake of total dairy was inversely associated with FG (linear β for dairy servings/d = −0.46 ± 0.2 mg/dL), PG (−1.25 ± 0.5 mg/dL), PI (−1.52 ± 0.6 mg/dL), Hb A1c (−0.02 ± 0.0%), and HOMA-IR (−0.04 ± 0.0) after adjustment for all covariates (P < 0.05 for all). The findings were consistent across categories of sex, race, obesity status, and dairy fat amount (reduced-fat vs. full-fat dairy). Fermented dairy products showed particularly strong inverse associations with the outcomes, with adjusted differences for a 1-serving/d increment of −0.24 (95% CI: −0.46, −0.02) mg/dL for FG, −0.86 (−1.42, −0.30) mg/dL for PG, and −0.01% (−0.02%, 0.00%) for Hb A1c. Myristic acid was the only nutrient that appeared to mediate the association between dairy intake and glycemia. Conclusion: Dairy intake, especially fermented dairy, was inversely associated with measures of glycemia and insulinemia in Brazilian adults without diagnosed diabetes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.com as NCT02320461.

Abstract P039: No Beneficial Associations Between Dairy Products And Kidney Function After Myocardial Infarction

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anniek C van Westing ◽  
Esther Cruijsen ◽  
Johanna M Geleijnse
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Annual Decline

Introduction: Population-based studies showed beneficial associations between (low-fat) dairy products and kidney function. Kidney function declines with age, which is accelerated after myocardial infarction (MI). Little is known about dairy consumption and kidney function in MI patients. Hypothesis: Dairy intake may slow down kidney function decline after MI. Methods: We analysed 2,247 Dutch post-MI patients (60-80 years, 81% men) from the Alpha Omega Cohort. Dietary intakes, including types of dairy, were assessed at baseline (2002-2006) using a validated 203-item food frequency questionnaire. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated at baseline and after ~40 months, using the Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Epidemiology Collaboration equations for serum cystatin C alone (eGFR cysC , in ml/min per 1.73m 2 ). Associations between dairy intake and annual eGFR cysC change were obtained using multivariable linear regression models, adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle and dietary factors. Betas (β), with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), represent additional eGFR cysC changes on top of annual decline, per increment in dairy intake. Results: At baseline, 22% was obese, 18% had diabetes and 15% had CKD (eGFR cysC <60). Median dairy intakes were 70 g/day for milk (62% consumed low-fat milk), 41 g/day for yogurt and 17 g/day for hard cheeses. The mean ± SD eGFR cysC at baseline was 82 ± 19, which on average declined by 3.42 ± 11.04, corresponding to an annual decline of 0.99 ± 3.21. Total milk consumption was not associated with annual eGFR cysC change in the multivariable model (β: 0.01 per 100 g/day, 95% CI: -0.08;0.10; Figure 1). Associations for hard cheeses (per 10 g/day) and yogurt (per 25 g/day) with eGFR cysC decline were also weak and non-significant. Sensitivity analyses in non-diabetic (n=1,843) or non-CKD patients (n=1,910) yielded similar results (Figure 1). Conclusions: Milk, hard cheeses and yogurt consumption were not associated with eGFR cysC decline in Dutch post-MI patients.

scholarly journals Consumption of dairy products and associations with incident diabetes, CHD and mortality in the Whitehall II study

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabita S. Soedamah-Muthu ◽  
Gabriel Masset ◽  
Lisa Verberne ◽  
Johanna M. Geleijnse ◽  
Eric J. Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Fermented Dairy Products ◽  
Fermented Dairy

Few prospective studies have examined the effects of different types of dairy food on the risks of type 2 diabetes, CHD and mortality. We examined whether intakes of total dairy, high-fat dairy, low-fat dairy, milk and fermented dairy products were related to these outcomes in the Whitehall II prospective cohort study. At baseline, dairy consumption was assessed by FFQ among 4526 subjects (72 % men) with a mean age 56 (sd 6) years. Death certificates and medical records were used to ascertain CHD mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction. Incident diabetes was detected by the oral glucose tolerance test or self-report. Incidence data were analysed using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for lifestyle and dietary factors. During approximately 10 years of follow-up, 273 diabetes, 323 CHD and 237 all-cause mortality cases occurred. In multivariable models, intakes of total dairy and types of dairy products were not significantly associated with incident diabetes or CHD (all P values for trend >0·1). Fermented dairy products was inversely associated with overall mortality (hazard ratios approximately 0·7 in the middle and highest tertiles; P for trend < 0·01) but not with incident CHD or diabetes (P>0·3). In conclusion, intakes of total dairy and types of dairy products showed no consistent relationship with incident diabetes, CHD or all-cause mortality.

scholarly journals Impact of Dairy Food Intake on Glucose Homeostasis: A Randomized Controlled Trial (P08-039-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Schmidt ◽  
Gail Cromer ◽  
Maggie Burhans ◽  
Jessica Kuzma ◽  
Derek Hagman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dairy Consumption

Abstract Objectives The consumption of dairy foods, both low-fat and full-fat, tends to be associated with better metabolic health and lower type 2 diabetes risk in most observational studies. We aimed to test the effects of diets rich in either low-fat or full-fat dairy products on glucose tolerance and its key determinants, compared to a diet limited in dairy. We hypothesized that diets rich in dairy, particularly full-fat dairy, would improve glucose homeostasis. Methods Seventy-two men and women with the metabolic syndrome first completed a 4-week wash-in period during which they limited their dairy intake to no more than 3 servings of skim milk per week. Participants were then randomized to either continue the limited dairy diet or switch to a diet containing 3.3 servings per day of either low-fat or full-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese, for 12 weeks. Glucose tolerance and its key determinants (insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, liver fat content, low-grade inflammation) were assessed before and after the 12-week intervention period. Results In primary per protocol analyses (n = 67), repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no treatment effect on glucose tolerance, as measured by the area-under-the-curve glucose in a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (P = 0.340). However, intervention effects were seen for the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (P = 0.004 overall), and post hoc tests showed a significant increase in insulin resistance in the low-fat dairy group (mean ± SD + 0.8 ± 1.4, adjusted P = 0.03) and the full-fat dairy group (+ 1.3 ± 1.7, adjusted P = 0.003) compared to the limited dairy group (-0.2 ± 1.1). These effects were unchanged in secondary analyses adjusted for moderate changes in fat mass. Conclusions In this 12-week dietary intervention study, we detected no evidence for our hypothesis that dairy consumption improves glucose tolerance. Unexpectedly, insulin resistance increased in individuals consuming diets rich in either low-fat or full-fat dairy products, compared to participants who limited their dairy intake. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Dairy Council, Dairy Farmers of Canada, the Dutch Dairy Association (NZO), Dairy Australia, and the French Dairy Interbranch Organization (CNIEL).

scholarly journals Age and time trends of dairy intake among children and adolescents of the DONALD study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Hohoff ◽  
Ines Perrar ◽  
Nicole Jancovic ◽  
Ute Alexy
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Quadratic Trend ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Fermented Dairy

Abstract Purpose To describe age and time trends in dietary intake of Total Dairy (TD) (g/1000 kcal Total Energy Intake) and types of dairy (weight percent of total dairy intake, w%TD) represented as Low Fat Dairy (LFD), High Sugar Dairy (HSD), Fermented Dairy (FD) and Liquid Dairy (LD) among children and adolescents in Germany. Methods Overall, 10,333 3-day dietary records kept between 1985 and 2019 by 1275 DONALD participants (3.5–18.5 years; boys: 50.8%) were analyzed using polynomial mixed-effects regression models. Results TD intake decreased with age (♂: linear trend p < 0.0001; ♀: linear and quadratic trend p < 0.0001), whereas FD (♀: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.02) increased slightly in girls. HSD (♂: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.004; ♀: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.005) and LD (linear, quadratic trend p ≤ 0.0002) decreased with age. In terms of time trends, TD intake decreased in the last three decades, especially since 1995 (quadratic trend for ♂ 0.0007 and ♀ p = 0.004). LFD intake increased until 2010 and decreased thereafter (linear, quadratic, cubic trend p < 0.0001). HSD decreased until 1995, then increased until 2010 and decreased again afterwards (♂: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.001; ♀: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.003). While FD intake increased linear (in both ♂ and ♀: p < 0.0001), LD intake decreased (linear, quadratic trend p ≤ 0.03). Conclusion Our results showed changes in dairy consumption patterns among children and adolescents over the past three decades, demonstrating a decrease in TD intake with age and time, and a shift from liquid to solid dairy products with a simultaneous increase in fermented dairy products, while LFD and HSD fluctuated over time. Further evaluations will examine the health significance of these consumption patterns.

scholarly journals Consumption of dairy products and cardiovascular disease risk: results from the French prospective cohort NutriNet-Santé

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Laury Sellem ◽  
Bernard Srour ◽  
Kim G. Jackson ◽  
Serge Hercberg ◽  
Pilar Galan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Fermented Dairy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In France, dairy products contribute to dietary saturated fat intake, of which reduced consumption is often recommended for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Epidemiological evidence on the association between dairy consumption and CVD risk remains unclear, suggesting either null or inverse associations. This study aimed to investigate the associations between dairy consumption (overall and specific foods) and CVD risk in a large cohort of French adults. This prospective analysis included participants aged ≥ 18 years from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009–2019). Daily dietary intakes were collected using 24h-dietary records. Total dairy, milk, cheese, yogurts, fermented and reduced-fat dairy intakes were investigated. CVD cases (n=1,952) included cerebrovascular (n=878 cases) and coronary heart diseases (CHD, n=1,219 cases). Multivariable Cox models were performed to investigate associations. This analysis included n=104,805 French adults (mean age at baseline 42.8 years (SD 14.6)), mean follow-up 5.5 years (SD 3.0, i.e. 579,155 persons years). There were no significant associations between dairy intakes and total CVD or CHD risks. However, the consumption of at least 160 g/d of fermented dairy (e.g. cheese and yogurts) was associated with a reduced risk of cerebrovascular diseases compared to intakes below 57 g/d (HR=0.81 [0.66-0.98], p-trend=0.01). Despite being a major dietary source of saturated fats, dairy consumption was not associated with CVD or CHD risks in this study. However, fermented dairy was associated with a lower cerebrovascular disease risk. Robust randomized controlled trials are needed to further assess the impact of consuming different dairy foods on CVD risk and potential underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Associations of Dairy Intake with Arterial Stiffness in Brazilian Adults: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Ribeiro ◽  
José Mill ◽  
Nágela Cade ◽  
Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez ◽  
Sheila Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Dairy Intake

Abstract P178: Dairy Consumption and Risk of Becoming Overweight or Obese in Middle-Aged and Older Women.

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Rautiainen ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
I-Min Lee ◽  
JoAnn E Manson ◽  
Julie E Buring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Health Study ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
History Of

Background: Dairy products have been positively associated with weight loss and inversely associated with weight gain. However, limited number of studies has investigated the role of dairy consumption in the prevention of becoming overweight or obese. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate how consumption of dairy products was associated with the risk of becoming overweight or obese among initially normal-weight women. Methods: We studied 19,180 women aged ≥45y from the Women’s Health Study free of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and diabetes with an initial body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-<25 kg/m 2 . Dairy intake was assessed through a 131-item food-frequency questionnaire. Total dairy intake was defined as the sum of servings per day of low-fat dairy products (skim/low-fat milk, sherbet, yogurt, and cottage/ricotta cheese) and high-fat dairy products (whole milk, cream, sour cream, ice cream, cream cheese, other cheese, and butter). Women self-reported body weight along with obesity-related risk factors on baseline and annual follow-up questionnaires. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, we included the following covariates: baseline age, randomization treatment, BMI, smoking status, vigorous exercise, postmenopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, history of hypercholesterolemia, history of hypertension, multivitamin use, alcohol intake, total energy intake, and fruit and vegetable intake. Results: During a mean follow-up of 11.2y (216,979 person-years), 8,582 women became overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 ). The multivariable-adjusted mean changes in body weight (95% confidence interval (CI)) during the follow-up were 3.9 (3.5-4.3), 3.9 (3.5-4.2), 3.8 (3.5-4.2), 3.7 (3.4-4.1), and 3.4 (3.0-3.7) lbs in quintiles 1-5 of total dairy consumption (P-trend: 0.01), respectively. In multivariable-adjusted analyses (Table 1) , women in the highest versus lowest quintile of had a rate ratio (RR) of 0.91 (0.84-0.98, P-trend: 0.16) of becoming overweight or obese. No associations were observed in highest quintiles of low-fat dairy and high-fat dairy intakes. Conclusion: Greater consumption of dairy products may be inversely ssociated with risk of becoming overweight or obese in women.

Abstract P295: Residential Segregation Is Associated With Uncontrolled Diabetes Among Brazilian Adults: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study Of Adult Health (elsa-brasil)

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharrelle Barber ◽  
Joanna Guimarães ◽  
Cardoso Leticia ◽  
Devlin Amie ◽  
Janeway Granche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Neighborhood Conditions ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes

Introduction: The prevalence of type-2 diabetes is increasing globally with the sharpest increases occurring in low and middle-income countries. Residential segregation results in increased exposure to adverse neighborhood environments that may inhibit the successful management of diabetes. Moreover, due to historical and contemporary forms of structural racism, marginalized racial groups are more likely to live in these environments. Using a spatial measure of neighborhood-level economic residential segregation (hereafter, segregation) we examined the association between segregation and uncontrolled diabetes in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods: The sample included 828 Black, Brown/Mixed-Race, and White participants ages 35-74 with diagnosed diabetes and complete, geocoded information from the baseline examination of ELSA-Brasil (2008-2010). Residential segregation was based on data from the 2010 IBGE demographic census and calculated for study-defined neighborhoods using the local G i * statistic— a spatially weighted z-score that represents how much a neighborhood’s income composition deviates from the larger metropolitan area. Uncontrolled diabetes was based on 2017 ADA criteria and defined as HbA1c ≥ 7%. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test cross-sectional associations between segregation and uncontrolled diabetes. Results: Black and Brown participants were more likely than Whites to live in highly segregated neighborhoods. The prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes increased across low, medium, and high levels of segregation (23.1% vs. 37.8% vs. 47.7%, respectively). In multivariable models adjusting for age, gender, race, education, income, and study site, segregation was positively associated with uncontrolled diabetes (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.07-1.56). The association was attenuated but remained statistically significant in models adjusting for neighborhood characteristics, behavioral risk factors and time since diabetes diagnosis. (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.05-1.28). In models that included segregation as a categorical variable, individuals living in highly segregated neighborhoods had a 2-fold higher risk of uncontrolled diabetes compared to individuals living in less segregated neighborhoods (High Segregation, OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.35-3.58; Medium Segregation, OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.08-2.51). Conclusions: Residential segregation may lead to disparate diabetes-related morbidity among urban-dwelling adults in Brazil. Moreover, the disproportionate clustering of Blacks and Browns within segregated neighborhoods implicates segregation as a potential driver of racial inequalities in these outcomes. Policies and/or structural interventions designed to improve neighborhood conditions may be viable strategies to improve the management of diabetes in this setting.

scholarly journals Dairy Consumption and Insulin Resistance: The Role of Body Fat, Physical Activity, and Energy Intake

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Tucker ◽  
Andrea Erickson ◽  
James D. LeCheminant ◽  
Bruce W. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between dairy consumption and insulin resistance was ascertained in 272 middle-aged, nondiabetic women using a cross-sectional design. Participants kept 7-day, weighed food records to report their diets, including dairy intake. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). The Bod Pod was used to measure body fat percentage, and accelerometry for 7 days was used to objectively index physical activity. Regression analysis was used to determine the extent to which mean HOMA levels differed across low, moderate, and high dairy intake categories. Results showed that women in the highest quartile of dairy consumption had significantly greater log-transformed HOMA values (0.41 ± 0.53) than those in the middle-two quartiles (0.22 ± 0.55) or the lowest quartile (0.19 ± 0.58) (F= 6.90,P= 0.0091). The association remained significant after controlling for each potential confounder individually and all covariates simultaneously. Adjusting for differences in energy intake weakened the relationship most, but the association remained significant. Of the 11 potential confounders, only protein intake differed significantly across the dairy categories, with those consuming high dairy also consuming more total protein than their counterparts. Apparently, high dairy intake is a significant predictor of insulin resistance in middle-aged, nondiabetic women.

scholarly journals Dairy Consumption and Risk of Cancer: An 11 Year Prospective Cohort Study of the China Kadoorie Biobank

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1046-1046
Author(s):  
Maria Kakkoura ◽  
Huaidong Du ◽  
Timothy Key ◽  
Zhengming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Objectives Consumption of dairy products has been associated with possible higher or lower risks of some types of cancer. However, results are often inconsistent and evidence from China, particularly for prospective data, is very limited. We therefore investigated the associations between intake of dairy products and incidence of 17 common cancers in Chinese adults. Methods The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank study recruited slightly over 0.5 million adults, aged 30–79 years, from ten diverse regions (five urban and five rural) in China during 2004–2008. Information on the consumption frequency of major food groups, including total dairy products, was collected at baseline and periodic resurveys, using a validated interviewer-administered laptop-based questionnaire. Over a mean follow-up of 10.8 years, 29,177 incident malignant cancer cases were recorded among the 510,146 study participants, who did not have a prior history of cancer at baseline. Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for incident cancers associated with dairy intake. Analyses were stratified by age-at-risk, sex and region, and adjusted for cancer family history, education, income, alcohol intake, smoking status, physical activity, fresh fruit intake and BMI. Analyses for liver cancer was additionally adjusted for status of hepatitis B surface antigen. Results Overall at baseline, 68.5% of participants reported never or rare dairy consumption and 20.4% reported weekly dairy consumption (≥1 day/week), with milk accounting largely for the total dairy consumption. The multivariable-adjusted HRs per 50 g/day increase in usual dairy consumption were 1.07 (95% CI 1.04–1.10), 1.12 (1.02–1.22), 1.19 (1.01–1.41) and 1.17 (1.07–1.29) for total cancer, liver cancer, lymphoma and female breast cancer, respectively. These associations were similar across subgroups defined by baseline sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics (e.g., sex and smoking status) and across the ten survey regions. No significant associations were observed between dairy intake and risk of the other 14 common cancer sites. Conclusions In this large study of Chinese adults, higher consumption of dairy products was associated with higher risks of liver cancer, lymphoma and female breast cancer. Funding Sources Wellcome Trust.

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