Celiac Male’s Gluten-Free Diet Profile: Comparison to that of the Control Population and Celiac Women

The aim of the present work was to analyze the body composition and dietary profile of Spanish celiac men and to compare them to control men and celiac women from our previous studies. Forty-two celiac men (31.5 ± 11.9 years) were recruited and anthropometric measurements were taken. Analysis of energy consumption, macro- and micronutrient intake and food frequency consumption was carried out. Celiac men were more overweight and obese than celiac women, but less than the control population, reporting the same energy intake and macronutrient distribution. Most micronutrient deficiencies in celiac men were not directly related to a gluten free diet; these were also observed for the entire population. The least adherence to Dietary Reference Intakes in women was reported for iron, iodine, potassium and selenium, whereas magnesium intake was higher than in men. Among celiac participants (both genders), cereal, vegetable and legume consumption was poor and meat intake was contrastingly excessive. In conclusion, the dietary profile of celiac men is as unbalanced as that of control men but slightly more than that of celiac women. General nutritional education should be given to both general and celiac populations, and specific advices to celiac men, in order to decrease the risk of celiac disease-related pathologies.

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Micronutrient deficiencies in children with coeliac disease; a double-edged sword of both untreated disease and treatment with gluten-free diet

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.006 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lorcan McGrogan ◽

Mary Mackinder ◽

Fiona Stefanowicz ◽

Maria Aroutiounova ◽

Anthony Catchpole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coeliac Disease ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies

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Micronutrients Dietary Supplementation Advices for Celiac Patients on Long-Term Gluten-Free Diet with Good Compliance: A Review

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55070337 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (7) ◽

pp. 337 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rondanelli ◽

Faliva ◽

Gasparri ◽

Peroni ◽

Naso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Research Strategy ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Good Compliance

Background and objective: Often micronutrient deficiencies cannot be detected when patient is already following a long-term gluten-free diet with good compliance (LTGFDWGC). The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the most recent literature that considers blood micronutrient deficiencies in LTGFDWGC subjects, in order to prepare dietary supplementation advice (DSA). Materials and methods: A research strategy was planned on PubMed by defining the following keywords: celiac disease, vitamin B12, iron, folic acid, and vitamin D. Results: This review included 73 studies. The few studies on micronutrient circulating levels in long-term gluten-free diet (LTGFD) patients over 2 years with good compliance demonstrated that deficiency was detected in up to: 30% of subjects for vitamin B12 (DSA: 1000 mcg/day until level is normal, then 500 mcg), 40% for iron (325 mg/day), 20% for folic acid (1 mg/day for 3 months, followed by 400–800 mcg/day), 25% for vitamin D (1000 UI/day or more-based serum level or 50,000 UI/week if level is <20 ng/mL), 40% for zinc (25–40 mg/day), 3.6% of children for calcium (1000–1500 mg/day), 20% for magnesium (200–300 mg/day); no data is available in adults for magnesium. Conclusions: If integration with diet is not enough, starting with supplements may be the correct way, after evaluating the initial blood level to determine the right dosage of supplementation.

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Gluten-free diet for neurological and psychiatric diseases: is it worth expecting an effect?

Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology ◽

10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-188-4-170-177 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 170-177

Author(s):

Y. A. Dmitrieva ◽

I. N. Zakharova ◽

E. R. Radchenko ◽

E. A. Doroshina

Keyword(s):

Neurological Disorders ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Adaptive Immune Response ◽

Chronic Fatigue ◽

The Body ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Immunological Mechanisms ◽

Objective Evidence

Gluten represents an alcohol- soluble fraction of endosperm proteins of some cereals (wheat, rye, barley). The molecular characteristics of gluten, in particular, the high content of proline in the composition, determines its high resistance to human gastric, pancreatic and intestinal enzymes. Accordingly, gluten peptides retain their immunogenicity when they enter the internal environment of the body, which determines their ability to activate both the innate and adaptive immune response, and maintain pathological immune- mediated reactions that underlie the complex of gluten- associated diseases and pathological conditions. The question of how gluten consumption may be associated with various neurological disorders continues to be discussed. Despite the lack of sufficient objective evidence, the peculiarities of gliadin metabolism suggest the possibility of an association between the consumption of gluten- containing products with the development of neuropsychiatric disorders.. Of particular interest is the efficacy of gluten-free diet in the complex therapy of such diseases as autism, schizophrenia, as well as some neurological disorders, including chronic fatigue syndrome, various cognitive impairments, depression, etc. The article presents a number of research results, as well as discusses the potential mechanisms of the neurotropic action of gluten. The article discusses the potential metabolic and immunological mechanisms of the neurotropic action of gluten, analyzes the literature data regarding the effectiveness of a gluten-free diet in various neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders.

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Role of Dietary Gluten in Development of Celiac Disease and Type I Diabetes: Management Beyond Gluten-Free Diet

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867326666190409120716 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (21) ◽

pp. 3555-3576

Author(s):

Jinli Pei ◽

Shuangshuang Wei ◽

Yechun Pei ◽

Hao Wu ◽

Dayong Wang

Keyword(s):

Celiac Disease ◽

Diabetes Management ◽

Type I Diabetes ◽

Human Leukocyte ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Type I ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Gluten triggers Celiac Disease (CD) and type I diabetes in genetically predisposed population of human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8+ and associates with disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Application of a strict gluten-free diet is the only well-established treatment for patients with CD, whereas the treatment for patients with celiac type I diabetes may be depend on the timing and frequency of the diet. The application of a gluten-free diet in patients with CD may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and may also lead to a high glycemic index, low fiber diet and micronutrient deficiencies. The alteration of copper bioavailability (deficient, excess or aberrant coordination) may contribute to the onset and progress of related pathologies. Therefore, nutrient intake of patients on a gluten-free diet should be the focus of future researches. Other gluten-based therapies have been rising with interest such as enzymatic pretreatment of gluten, oral enzyme supplements to digest dietary gluten, gluten removal by breeding wheat varieties with reduced or deleted gluten toxicity, the development of polymeric binders to suppress gluten induced pathology.

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Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake Among Women of Childbearing Age Following a Gluten-Free Diet

Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior ◽

10.1016/j.jneb.2015.04.236 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. S89-S90

Author(s):

Caroline Dunn ◽

K. Shelnutt ◽

D. Carlton

Keyword(s):

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Women Of Childbearing Age ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Micronutrient Intake

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The Relationship between Body Composition and a Gluten Free Diet in Children with Celiac Disease

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10111817 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1817 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Paweł Więch ◽

Zdzisława Chmiel ◽

Dariusz Bazaliński ◽

Izabela Sałacińska ◽

Anna Bartosiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

The Body ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Impact

The primary and proven therapy, in cases of celiac disease (CD), is a rigorous gluten-free diet (GFD). However, there are reports of its negative effects in the form of nutritional deficiencies, obesity, and adverse changes in body composition. The study aimed to assess the impact of a GFD on the body composition of children with CD. In a case-controlled study (n = 41; mean age 10.81 y; SD = 3.96) children with CD, in various stages of treatment, underwent medical assessment. The control group consisted of healthy children and adolescents, strictly matched for gender and age in a 1:1 case-control manner. More than half of the examined children (n = 26) followed a GFD. CD children had significantly higher mean values of the fat free mass (FFM% = 80.68 vs. 76.66, p = 0.015), and total body water (TBW% = 65.22 vs. 60.47, p = 0.012), and lower mean values of the fat mass (FM% = 19.32 vs. 23.34, p = 0.015). Children who were on a GFD presented slightly higher, but not statistically significant, mean values of FM and FFM, than children who did not follow dietary recommendations (FM [kg] = 7.48 vs. 5.24, p = 0.064; FM% = 20.81 vs. 16.73, p = 0.087; FFM [kg] = 28.19 vs. 22.62, p = 0.110). After minimum one year of a GFD, CD children showed significantly higher values of FFM [kg] (p = 0.001), muscle mass (MM) [kg] (p < 0.001), TBW [L] (p < 0.001) and body cell mass (BCM) [kg] (p < 0.001). Furthermore, CD children who were on a GFD presented a significantly higher increase in weight (p = 0.034) and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.021). The children adhering to a GFD demonstrate a tendency towards higher indices of selected body composition components.

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The Role of Gluten-Free Diet in Rebalancing Micronutrient Deficiencies in Children With Celiac Disease

International journal of basic science in medicine ◽

10.34172/ijbsm.2020.06 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 22-27

Author(s):

Seyed Mohsen Dehghani ◽

Anis Amirhakimi ◽

Iraj Shahramian ◽

Najmeh Rahanjam ◽

Fatemeh Fazeli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Normal Range ◽

Before And After ◽

The Status ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is one of the most common reasons for malnutrition. This study aimed to determine the status of the micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals in children with CD. Methods: The participants of this study included children <18 years old newly diagnosed with CD from January 2016 to December 2017 in the Clinic of Gastrointestinal and Digestive Diseases affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The diagnosis of CD was based on serological and pathologic findings. Finally, the data was analyzed using SPSS 22. Results: In the present study, 78 children with CD were evaluated, including 30 (38.5%) males and 48 (61.5%) females. The levels of hemoglobin and iron significantly improved after 6 months of treatment (P=0.001). In the present study, the level of calcium was below the normal range in 5 (6.4%) patients at diagnosis. However, its level was within a normal range in all patients 6 months after the treatment. Based on the results, the level of phosphorus was low in 24 (30.7%) and 5 (6.4%) patients before and after the treatment, respectively (P=0.001). Further, the vitamin D level was below a normal range in 66 (84.6%) and 15 (19.2%) patients at diagnosis and 6 months after the treatment, respectively (P=0.001). On the other hand, the mean level of folic acid increased from 16.5 at diagnosis to 22.39 after 6 months of treatment (P=0.001). Finally, the mean level of zinc also increased from 73.3 at diagnosis to 81.6 after 6 months of treatment (P=0.001). Conclusion: In general, the levels of iron, folate, vitamin D, and zinc reduced in patients with CD. In most patients, these deficiencies improved by receiving a gluten-free diet (GFD). Monitoring patients with CD is recommended for the diagnosis of micronutrient deficiencies.

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The Relationship between Body Composition and a Gluten Free Diet in Children with Celiac Disease

10.20944/preprints201810.0317.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Paweł Więch ◽

Zdzisława Chmiel ◽

Dariusz Bazaliński ◽

Izabela Sałacińska ◽

Anna Bartosiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

The Body ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Impact

The primary and proven therapy, in cases of celiac disease (CD), is a rigorous gluten-free diet. However, there are reports of its negative effects in the form of nutritional deficiencies, obesity and adverse changes in body composition. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of a gluten free diet (GFD) on the body composition of children with CD. In a case-controlled study (n = 41; mean age 10.81 y; SD = 3.96) children with CD, in various stages of treatment, underwent medical assessment. The control group consisted of healthy children and adolescents, strictly matched for gender and age in a 1:1 case-control manner. More than half of the examined children (n = 26) followed a GFD. CD children had significantly higher mean values of the fat free mass (FFM% = 80.68 vs. 76.66, p = 0.015), and total body water (TBW% = 65.22 vs. 60.47, p = 0.012), and lower mean values of the fat mass (FM% = 19.32 vs. 23.34, p = 0.015). Children who were on a GFD presented slightly higher, but not statistically significant, mean values of FM and FFM, than children who did not follow dietary recommendations (FM [kg] = 7.48 vs. 5.24, p = 0.064; FM% = 20.81 vs. 16.73, p = 0.087; FFM [kg] = 28.19 vs. 22.62, p = 0.110). After minimum one year of a GFD, CD children showed significantly higher values of FFM [kg] (p = 0.001), MM [kg] (p < 0.001), TBW [L] (p < 0.001) and BCM [kg] (p < 0.001). Furthermore, CD children who were on a GFD presented significantly higher weight (p = 0.034) and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.021) increase. The children adhering to a GFD demonstrate a tendency towards higher indices of selected body composition components.

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