scholarly journals The Effect of an Encapsulated Nutrient Mixture on Food Intake and Satiety: A Double-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Proof of Concept Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Alleleyn ◽  
Mark van Avesaat ◽  
Dina Ripken ◽  
Sinéad Bleiel ◽  
Daniel Keszthelyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Active Product ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Control Product ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
And Control

Activation of the intestinal brake by infusing nutrients into the distal small intestine with catheters inhibits food intake and enhances satiety. Encapsulation of macronutrients, which protects against digestion in the proximal gastrointestinal tract, can be a non-invasive alternative to activate this brake. In this study, we investigate the effect of oral ingestion of an encapsulated casein and sucrose mixture (active) targeting the distal small intestine versus a control product designed to be released in the stomach on food intake, satiety, and plasma glucose concentrations. Fifty-nine volunteers received the active and control product on two separate test days. Food intake was determined during an ad libitum meal 90 min after ingestion of the test product. Visual analogue scale scores for satiety and blood samples for glucose analysis were collected at regular intervals. Ingestion of the active product decreased food intake compared to the control product (655 kcal compared with 699 kcal, respectively, p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for hunger was decreased (p < 0.05) and AUC for satiety was increased (p < 0.01) after ingestion of the active product compared to the control product. Ingestion of an encapsulated protein-carbohydrate mixture resulted in inhibition of food intake compared to a non-encapsulated control product.

scholarly journals Predictive validity of the Brazilian version of the Expected Treatment Outcome Scale in cocaine-dependent outpatients at a drug treatment referral center

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-227
Author(s):  
Marcelle Maria Lobo Dinis ◽  
Sonia Regina Lambert Passos ◽  
Luiz Antonio Bastos Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Brazilian Version ◽  
Scale Scores

BACKGROUND: High dropout rates among patients under treatment for cocaine dependence have stimulated research into predictors of treatment outcome. OBJECTIVE: To assess the predictive value of the Brazilian version of the Expected Treatment Outcome Scale. METHODS: The original English version of the scale was translated and back-translated. A total of 210 subjects participating in a 10-week randomized double-blind clinical trial (nefazodone versus placebo) completed the questionnaire at their first appointment. Mean Expected Treatment Outcome Scale scores were compared with treatment outcomes. RESULTS: There were ten subjects (5%) who failed to complete at least six items, and 37 (17.5%) failed to complete 1 to 3 items. The most frequently unanswered questions involved time estimates (treatment time and abstinence) and third-party judgments. The mean score was 34.4 (9.3) (median, 33.9). There were no differences in mean scores between subjects evaluated in the first to the fifth appointment 35.2 (9.3) or in the sixth to the eleventh appointment 35.2 (9.3) (p = 0.13); completing the treatment 33.8 (10.3) or not 34.6 (9.1) (p = 0.64); remaining abstinent for three weeks 34 (9.3) or not 34.8 (9.4) (p = 0.58), and medication compliance 33.9 (8.8) or noncompliance 35.3 (10.3) (p = 0.34). The ROC curve of Expected Treatment Outcome Scale scores, when dropout was defined as not appearing for all 11 appointments, was linear, with an area under the curve of .54 (range, .44-.64), suggesting that the scale is ineffective in discriminating between cases and noncases. CONCLUSION: In this study, the Brazilian version of the Expected Treatment Outcome Scale was found to have no predictive value for treatment adherence and abstinence in cocaine-dependent subjects subjected to a standardized treatment protocol.

Acute effects of extruded pulse snacks on glycemic response, insulin, appetite, and food intake in healthy young adults in a double blind, randomized crossover trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alie Johnston ◽  
Rebecca C. Mollard ◽  
Dianna Dandeneau ◽  
Dylan S. MacKay ◽  
Nancy Ames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Chickpea Flour ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
Pulse Type ◽  
Extruded Products ◽  
Corn Snacks

Research indicates that the post-prandial glycemic benefits of consuming whole pulses are retained when consumed in a mixed meal, pureed, and ground into flours. The glycemic benefits of pulse flours when incorporated into extruded products are unknown. In a randomized, repeated-measures crossover study, adults (n = 26) consumed extruded corn snacks made with the addition of 40% pulse flour from either: whole yellow pea, split yellow pea, green lentil, chickpea, or pinto bean. The control snack was 100% corn. Food intake was measured with an ad libitum meal consumed at 120 min. Blood glucose (BG), insulin and appetite were measured regularly before (pre-meal, 0-120 min) and after (post-meal, 140-200 min) the meal. Pinto bean and chickpea snacks led to lower (p<0.05) pre-meal BG incremental area under the curve (iAUC), compared with control, whole yellow pea and green lentil snacks. Pinto bean snack also led to lower (pre-meal BG (p<0.05) and insulin (p<0.05) iAUC compared with control, whole yellow pea, and split yellow pea snacks. There were no differences in food intake or appetite. These findings indicate that effects of replacing corn with pulse flours in extruded snacks on BG, and insulin are dependent on pulse type. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02402504. Registered on 30 March 2015. Novelty bullets: The incorporation of pinto bean and chickpea flour into extruded corn snacks improves postprandial glycemic response. Pulse containing snacks were equally as palatable as the corn snacks. The incorporation of pulses into corn snacks increased the protein and fibre content.

Effects of Proximal and Distal Enteral Glucose Infusion on Cardiovascular Response in Health and Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. e2877-e2884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Karen L Jones ◽  
Michael Horowitz ◽  
Christopher K Rayner ◽  
Tongzhi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract Context Exposure of the small intestine to nutrients frequently leads to marked reductions in blood pressure (BP) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It remains unclear whether the region of the gut exposed to nutrients influences postprandial cardiovascular responses. Objective To evaluate the cardiovascular responses to proximal and distal small intestinal glucose infusion in health and T2DM. Design Double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Setting Single center in Australia. Patients 10 healthy subjects and 10 T2DM patients. Interventions Volunteers were studied on 2 occasions, when a transnasal catheter was positioned with infusion ports opening 13 cm and 190 cm beyond the pylorus. A 30-g bolus of glucose was infused into either site and 0.9% saline into the alternate site over 60 minutes. Main Outcome Measures BP, heart rate (HR), and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow were measured over 180 minutes. Results Systolic BP was unchanged in response to both infusions in health, but decreased in T2DM, with a greater reduction after proximal versus distal infusion (all P ≤ .01). The increment in HR did not differ between treatments in health, but was greater after distal versus proximal infusion in T2DM (P = .02). The increases in SMA blood flow were initially greater, but less sustained, with proximal versus distal infusion in health (P &lt; .001), a pattern less evident in T2DM. Conclusions In T2DM, postprandial hypotension may be mitigated by diversion of nutrients from the proximal to the distal small intestine.

scholarly journals Effect of Macronutrient Type and Gastrointestinal Release Site on PYY Response in Normal Healthy Subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 3661-3669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisling M Mangan ◽  
Werd Al Najim ◽  
Niamh McNamara ◽  
William P Martin ◽  
Andrius Antanaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Delivery ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Test Drink

Abstract Background and Aims Enteroendocrine L cells release satiety inducing hormones in response to stimulation by luminal macronutrients. We sought to profile the differential effect of macronutrient type and site of release on circulating concentrations of the L cell-derived enteroendocrine hormone peptide tyrosine tyrosine (amino acids 1 to 36) (PYY). Materials and Methods Eight healthy volunteers were recruited to a randomized, double-blinded, six-way crossover study. At each visit, the participants consumed a 500-kcal drink containing carbohydrate, protein, or fat in either gastric or small intestinal release formulations. Plasma PYY concentrations and hunger ratings were assessed for 3 hours after consumption of the test drink. The food intake was recorded thereafter at an ad libitum lunch. Results Microcapsular formulations targeting the distal small intestinal delivery of fat, but not carbohydrate or protein, markedly enhance PYY release relative to macronutrient delivery in gastric release formulations. Food intake at an ad libitum meal was lowest after consumption of the formulation releasing fat at the distal small intestine. Conclusion Targeting of fat to the distal small intestine in delayed release microcapsules enhanced PYY release and was associated with reductions in food intake.

scholarly journals Non-invasive detection of a palifermin-mediated adaptive response following chemotherapy-induced damage to the distal small intestine of rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Yazbeck ◽  
Gordon S. Howarth ◽  
Luis Borges ◽  
Mark S. Geier ◽  
Cassie L. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Non Invasive

Acute effects of extruded pea fractions on glycemic response, insulin, appetite, and food intake in healthy young adults, results of a double blind, randomized crossover trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alie J Johnston ◽  
Rebecca C. Mollard ◽  
Dianna Dandeneau ◽  
Dylan S. MacKay ◽  
Nancy Ames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Pea Starch ◽  
Oat Flour

Benefits of pulse consumption on glycemic control are well established; however, research examining the effects of pulse fractions incorporated into extruded products is limited. In a randomized, repeated-measures crossover study, adults (n = 26) consumed cereals made with: oat flour (control), oat flour and pea starch (starch), oat flour and pea protein (protein), oat flour, pea starch and pea protein (starch+protein), oat flour, pea fibre and pea protein (fibre+protein), and pea fibre, pea starch and pea protein (fibre+starch+protein). Blood glucose (BG) and insulin concentrations, and appetite incremental area under the curve (iAUC ) were calculated pre (0-120 min) and post (120-200 min) the ad libitum meal for measurement of food intake. Pre-meal, overall mean BG and iAUC were lower following the protein, starch+protein, protein+fibre, and the fibre+starch+protein cereals compared to the starch and control. For pre-meal overall mean insulin concentrations, fibre+protein led to a lower response compared to control, starch+protein, and protein cereals. Fibre+starch+protein also led to lower insulin compared to protein cereal. Pre-meal insulin iAUC was lower following fibre+protein compared to control and protein cereals. The inclusion of yellow pea protein and fibre in oat-based breakfast cereal reduces postprandial glycemia, however this effect is dependent on fraction type. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02366572. Novelty bullets: 1) Inclusion of pulse protein and fibre in oat flour-based breakfast cereal reduces postprandial glucose response. 2) The glycemic benefits of whole pulses are at least somewhat retained in some pulse fractions

scholarly journals Cerebellar rTMS in PSP: a Double-Blind Sham-Controlled Study Using Mobile Health Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pilotto ◽  
Maria Cristina Rizzetti ◽  
Alberto Lombardi ◽  
Clint Hansen ◽  
Michele Biggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Double Blind Design ◽  
Theta Burst

AbstractThere are no effective treatments in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of theta burst repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on postural instability in PSP. Twenty PSP patients underwent a session of sham or real cerebellar rTMS in a crossover design. Before and after stimulation, static balance was evaluated with instrumented (lower back accelerometer, Rehagait®, Hasomed, Germany) 30-s trials in semitandem and tandem positions. In tandem and semitandem tasks, active stimulation was associated with increase in time without falls (both p=0.04). In the same tasks, device-extracted parameters revealed significant improvement in area (p=0.007), velocity (p=0.005), acceleration and jerkiness of sway (p=0.008) in real versus sham stimulation. Cerebellar rTMS showed a significant effect on stability in PSP patients, when assessed with mobile digital technology, in a double-blind design. These results should motivate larger and longer trials using non-invasive brain stimulation for PSP patients.

scholarly journals Mealtime Environment and Control of Food Intake in Healthy Children and in Children with Gastrointestinal Diseases

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Katerina Sdravou ◽  
Elpida Emmanouilidou-Fotoulaki ◽  
Athanasia Printza ◽  
Elias Andreoulakis ◽  
Athanasios Evangeliou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Child Autonomy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mealtime Environment

Parental feeding practices and mealtime routine significantly influence a child’s eating behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the mealtime environment in healthy children and children with gastrointestinal diseases. We conducted a cross-sectional case–control study among 787 healthy, typically developing children and 141 children with gastrointestinal diseases, aged two to seven years. Parents were asked to provide data on demographics and describe their mealtime environment by answering to 24 closed-ended questions. It was found that the majority of the children had the same number of meals every day and at the same hour. Parents of both groups exerted considerable control on the child’s food intake by deciding both when and what their child eats. Almost one third of the parents also decided how much their child eats. The two groups differed significantly in nine of the 24 questions. The study showed that both groups provided structured and consistent mealtime environments. However, a significant proportion of children did not control how much they eat which might impede their ability to self-regulate eating. The presence of a gastrointestinal disease was found to be associated with reduced child autonomy, hampered hunger cues and frequent use of distractions during meals.

scholarly journals Variability of serum IgG sialylation and galactosylation degree in women with advanced endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sołkiewicz ◽  
Hubert Krotkiewski ◽  
Marcin Jędryka ◽  
Ewa M. Kratz
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Invasive Diagnostics ◽  
And Control

AbstractEndometriosis is an inflammatory disease which diagnostics is difficult and often invasive, therefore non-invasive diagnostics methods and parameters are needed for endometriosis detection. The aim of our study was to analyse the glycosylation of native serum IgG and IgG isolated from sera of women classified as: with endometriosis, without endometriosis but with some benign ginecological disease, and control group of healthy women, in context of its utility for differentiation of advanced endometriosis from the group of healthy women. IgG sialylation and galactosylation/agalactosylation degree was determined using specific lectins: MAA and SNA detecting sialic acid α2,3- and α2,6-linked, respectively, RCA-I and GSL-II specific to terminal Gal and terminal GlcNAc, respectively. The results of ROC and cluster analysis showed that the serum IgG MAA-reactivity, sialylation and agalactosylation factor may be used as supplementary parameters for endometriosis diagnostics and could be taken into account as a useful clinical tool to elucidate women with high risk of endometriosis development. Additionally, we have shown that the analysis of native serum IgG glycosylation, without the prior time-consuming and expensive isolation of the protein, is sufficient to differentiation endometriosis from a group of healthy women.

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