scholarly journals Mealtime Environment and Control of Food Intake in Healthy Children and in Children with Gastrointestinal Diseases

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Katerina Sdravou ◽  
Elpida Emmanouilidou-Fotoulaki ◽  
Athanasia Printza ◽  
Elias Andreoulakis ◽  
Athanasios Evangeliou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Child Autonomy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mealtime Environment

Parental feeding practices and mealtime routine significantly influence a child’s eating behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the mealtime environment in healthy children and children with gastrointestinal diseases. We conducted a cross-sectional case–control study among 787 healthy, typically developing children and 141 children with gastrointestinal diseases, aged two to seven years. Parents were asked to provide data on demographics and describe their mealtime environment by answering to 24 closed-ended questions. It was found that the majority of the children had the same number of meals every day and at the same hour. Parents of both groups exerted considerable control on the child’s food intake by deciding both when and what their child eats. Almost one third of the parents also decided how much their child eats. The two groups differed significantly in nine of the 24 questions. The study showed that both groups provided structured and consistent mealtime environments. However, a significant proportion of children did not control how much they eat which might impede their ability to self-regulate eating. The presence of a gastrointestinal disease was found to be associated with reduced child autonomy, hampered hunger cues and frequent use of distractions during meals.

scholarly journals Blastocystis Colonization Is Associated with Increased Diversity and Altered Gut Bacterial Communities in Healthy Malian Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly Kodio ◽  
Drissa Coulibaly ◽  
Abdoulaye Kassoum Koné ◽  
Salimata Konaté ◽  
Safiatou Doumbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Blastocystis is the most common protozoan colonizing the gut of vertebrates. It modulates the human digestive microbiota in the absence of inflammation and gastrointestinal disease. Although it has been associated with human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, its pathogenicity remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the influence of Blastocystis on the gut bacterial communities in healthy children. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 147 Blastocystis-colonized and 149 Blastocystis-noncolonized Malian children, with Blastocystis colonization assessed by real-time PCR and gut microbial communities characterized via 16S rRNA gene (Illumina MiSeq) sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The gut microbiota diversity was higher in Blastocystis-colonized compared to Blastocystis-noncolonized children. The phyla Firmicutes, Elusimicrobia, Lentisphaerae, and Euryarchaeota were higher in Blastocystis-colonized children, whereas Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, unassigned bacteria, and Deinococcus–Thermus were higher in Blastocystis-noncolonized children. Moreover, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (family Ruminococcaceae) and Roseburia sp. (family Lachnospiraceae) abundance was higher in Blastocystis-colonized children. We conclude that Blastocystis colonization is significantly associated with a higher diversity of the gut bacterial communities in healthy children, while it is not associated with the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the human gut.

scholarly journals Factors influencing extent of nausea in the patients on oral iron therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 830-833
Author(s):  
Andjelka Prokic ◽  
Slobodan Jankovic
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Oral Iron ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Coffee Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Iron Supply ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background/Aim. Nausea after oral administration of iron is frequent phenomenon (11% of patients) and it is believed to be consequence of accumulation of free radicals in mucosa of gastrointestinal tract. The aim of our study was to measure the extent of nausea in outpatients taking oral supplementation with iron, and to investigate possible factors that may have an influence on it. Methods. The study was of the cross-sectional type, and conducted on a sample of outpatients on oral iron supplementation. The sample was consecutive, including all patients coming to a community pharmacy for oral iron supply during the study period. Frequency and severity of nausea were measured by the 5- item Drug-Induced Nausea Scale (DINS). Results. The mean score of the DINS from the sample of 128 patients was 8.56 ? 5.07 (range from 5 to 25). Each additional cup of coffee per week increased the DINS score for 0.143 points, the history of gastrointestinal disease had protective effect and decreased the DINS score for 5.923 points. Conclusion. Frequency and severity of oral iron-induced nausea are not dependent on oral iron burden, but rather on coffee intake and previous experience of patients with symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases. Modification of diet and education about types and severity of symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases could be useful preventive measures to avoid or at least mitigate oral iron-induced nausea and/or vomiting.

scholarly journals HYPERTENSION

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1423-1427
Author(s):  
Sheikh Kashif Rahim ◽  
Shaukat Ali ◽  
Zafar Latif
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
Reduced Salt ◽  
And Control

Objectives: To assess awareness about Hypertension among patients. Studydesign: Cross-sectional Survey. Setting: Medical OPD at Rawal General Hospital, Islamabad.Period: Three months from 1st April to 30th June. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 male,female patients attending Medical Out Patient Department at Rawal General Hospital Islamabadwere assessed regarding awareness about Hypertension using a self-constructed mixedquestionnaire (In English and Urdu). Results: Following findings were observed among patientsattending RGH, Islamabad: 82% of patients found to have family history of HTN, while 13%responded negative. 5% of the patients were unaware. 33% of patients found to have diabetesmellitus, while 29% responded negative and 38% of the patients were unaware of having or not.Hypertensive population found to be 51%. 45% found to adhering to anti-hypertensive treatment,while 55% responded negative. 80.6%, 90%, 73%, 82% and 85% considered the obesity, lackof exercise, cigarette smoking, anxiety and high cholesterol respectively as causative factor ofHTN. Excessive intake of salt was considered by 84% as causative factor of HTN. About 82%considered DM as causative factor of HTN. 79%, 73%, 93%, 55% of the patients considered thecardiac disease, renal failure, brain hemorrhage and loss vision respectively as complicationof HTN. 80%, 90%, 73%, 27% consider the regular exercise, reduced salt intake, no smoking,keeping weight under control respectively as preventive measures of HTN. About half and morethan half of the respondents considered frequent use of vegetables, excessive intake of sweets,as preventive measures of hypertension. Conclusions: The assessment of awareness aboutHypertension among population of various areas can be beneficial in effective planning fordisease prevention and control.

scholarly journals Comparison of pulmonary functions of thalassemic and of healthy children

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardjanis Said ◽  
Sudigdo Sastroasmoro ◽  
Djajadiman Gatot ◽  
Bambang Supriyatno ◽  
Yovita Ananta
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Dysfunction ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Restrictive Lung Function

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare some pulmo-nary functions of thalassemic patients and those of normal chil-dren. Factors correlated with lung dysfunction were assessed.Methods This cross-sectional study compared some pulmonaryfunctions of thalassemic patients with those of healthy children.The study was performed in the Department of Child Health, CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Pre- and post-trans-fusion hemoglobin levels of the thalassemic subjects were deter-mined. Other data such as chelation therapy and serum ferritinlevels were also obtained. Both thalassemic and control subjectsunderwent routine physical examinations and lung function testsusing an electronic spirometer. Spirometry was repeated threetimes for each subject, and only the best result was recorded.Results Sixty-three thalassemic patients were enrolled, consist-ing of 32 male and 31 female subjects. Healthy subjects consistedof 31 males and 31 females. Most thalassemic patients (46/63)were found to have lung function abnormalities. This was signifi-cantly different from control subjects, of whom most (39/62) hadnormal lung function. Restrictive lung function abnormality was themost common (42/63) observation documented. Serum ferritin lev-els were obtained from 28 male and 29 female thalassemic sub-jects. There was no correlation between percentage from predictedforced vital capacity and serum ferritin levels, whether in male(r=0.191; P=0.967) or female (r =-0.076, P=0.695) thalassemicsubjects.Conclusion Thalassemic patients have significantly lower lungfunction than healthy children. More thalassemic patients had lungfunction abnormalities compared to healthy children. Restrictivedysfunction was the most common finding in the thalassemic group.No correlation was found between lung function and serum ferritinlevels

scholarly journals Normal fecal calprotectin levels in healthy children are higher than in adults and decrease with age

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 286-292
Author(s):  
Marta Velasco Rodríguez-Belvís ◽  
Javier Francisco Viada Bris ◽  
Carmen Plata Fernández ◽  
Alberto García-Salido ◽  
Julia Asensio Antón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Primary Health Care Centre ◽  
Positive Finding ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background/Objectives The paediatric reference range of fecal calprotectin (FC) has not been decisively established and previous studies show a wide within-age variability, suggesting that other factors like anthropometric data or type of feeding can influence FC. Our aims were to establish the normal levels of FC in healthy children grouped by age and analyze whether sex, gestational age, birth weight, type of delivery, type of feeding, or anthropometric data influence FC values. Methods This multicentre, cross-sectional, and observational study enrolled healthy donors under 18 years of age who attended their Primary Health Care Centre for their routine Healthy Child Program visits. The exclusion criteria were: (i) immunodeficiency, (ii) autoimmune or (iii) gastrointestinal disease; (iv) medication usage; (v) gastrointestinal symptoms; or (vi) positive finding in the microbiological study. Results We enrolled 395 subjects, mean age was 4.2 years (range 3 days to 16.9 years), and 204 were male. The median FC was 77.0 mcg/g (interquartile range 246). A negative correlation between age and FC was observed (Spearman’s rho = −0.603, P<0.01), and none of the other factors analyzed were found to influence FC levels. Conclusions Normal FC values in healthy children (particularly in infants) are higher than those considered to be altered in adults and show a negative correlation with age. It is necessary to reconsider the upper limits of FC levels for paediatric patients according to age, with further studies required to determine other factors that influence FC during infancy.

scholarly journals Exploring the Prevalence and Correlates of Substance Abuse Amongst the Adolescents of Dharan, Eastern Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
Kumud Chapagain ◽  
Dillisher Rai ◽  
Bhawesh Koirala ◽  
Gajendra Prasad Rauniyar
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Youth Survey ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
And Control

Background: The burden of substance abuse amongst the youths has increased worldwide including Nepal. There is limited data on prevalence of substance abuse among the adolescents. Hence this study aims to determine the prevalence of substance abuse amongst the adolescents of Dharan, Eastern Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to December 2018. Self-administered structured questionnaire adapted from National Youth Survey sponsored by the Centre for Substance Abuse Prevention was used for data collection from 1125 higher secondary school students. Data was cleaned in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS version 11.5.Results: Prevalence of ever users of tobacco were 46.04% of which the current users were 20.46%, ever users of alcohol were 37.58% of which 15.20% were current users and ever users of drug was 18.19% of which 18.13% were current users. The average age of initiating tobacco, alcohol and drugs were 14.21 ± 3.51, 15.13 ± 7.43 and 14.32 ± 4.41 years respectively. More than half of the drug users (50.71%) used cannabis and the most common reason for using any substance was peer pressure (91.64%). More than one-third (39.5%) purchased any of these substance from local shops. Conclusions: The study reported significant proportion of adolescents involved in substance abuse. The findings of this study may be beneficial for revising/ updating action plans on prevention and control of substance abuse in Nepal.Keywords: Adolescents; alcohol; drug; substance abuse; tobacco.

scholarly journals Airway inflammatory profile among cleaning workers from different workplaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edineia Rosa da Paz ◽  
Cynthia Mafra Fonseca de Lima ◽  
Soraia Nogueira Felix ◽  
Bruna Schaeffer ◽  
Clóvis Eduardo Santos Galvão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Active Population ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Cleaning workers represent a significant proportion of the active population worldwide, with poor remuneration, particularly in developing countries. Despite this, they remain a relatively poorly studied occupational group. They are constantly exposed to agents that can cause symptoms and respiratory problems.Objective: To investigate the airway inflammation and respiratory symptoms of cleaning workers from different workplaces. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of upper airway inflammation and symptoms of asthma/rhinitis related to cleaning work, according to workplace.167 participants were divided into four groups: Hospital (H), University (U), Housekeeper (Ho) and Control (C). A nasal swab was collected for upper airway inflammation evaluation. Clinical profiles and respiratory symptom employee evaluations were performed using specific questionnaires (ECRHS and ISAAC).Results: Cleaning workers showed increased neutrophils and lymphocytes; Hospital and University showed increased macrophages compared to the Housekeeper and Control. Hospital and Housekeeper showed increased eosinophils when they performed cleaning services for up to one year and also reported having more asthma symptoms than the Control. Cleaning workers showed increased rhinitis symptoms. The University group showed increased rhinitis symptoms aggravated by the workplace compared with the Hospital and Housekeeper. Cleaning workers showed an increased affirmative response when direct asked about rhinitis symptoms compared to Control.Conclusions: Cleaning workers showed airway inflammation, asthma symptoms and rhinitis, regardless of the occupational environment to which they were exposed and also showed increased rhinitis and asthma symptoms. Hospital cleaning workers showed increased macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils compared to the others. The length of time spent performing cleaning work was not related to nasal inflammation or respiratory symptoms in this population. However, there are differences in workplaces. Clinical Trial registration number NCT03311048, October 16, 2017. Availble at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03311048 (retrospectively registered).

scholarly journals Knowledge-Attitudes-Practices about Malaria among Communities in Southern Benin

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Germain Gil Padonou ◽  
Judith G. Gbenoudon ◽  
Razaki Osse ◽  
Albert Salako ◽  
Casimir Kpanou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
And Control ◽  
Self Protection

Malaria still remains the main public health problem in Benin. We explored the determinants that influenced malaria treatment as well as protective behaviors, to generate a framework of useful ideas as alternative strategies against malaria. A cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) was conducted at Hozin, Vakon and Agblangandan districts in southern region of Benin. Descriptive statistics were computed and mixed logistic regression helped evaluating the relationship between frequency of each category of severity of malaria and sex group, educational level, treatment, means of self-protection against mosquitoes and identification of the cause of malaria. A significant proportion 750 (81.3%) (p<0.001) of participants stated that malaria was caused by mosquitoes. The respondents who mentioned sun as the cause of malaria, have trivialized more malaria in a proportion of about 59.30% (OR=2.67 [95% CI 1.61-4.44]) followed by those who have reported the cause of body weakness (43.68%) (OR=2.97 [95% CI 1.68-5.28]). Poor knowledge justifies the trivialization of the disease and poor management of malaria control means. National Malaria Control Programs should improve access to education, especially for women and could help improving prevention and control behaviours against malaria in communities.

scholarly journals Evaluating QT dispersion in children with syncope attacks

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Movahedian ◽  
Ali Mohammad Shakiba ◽  
Mojtaba Sehat ◽  
Maryam Sadat Razavi ◽  
Marzieh Heydarzadeh Arani
Keyword(s):  
Qt Dispersion ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Background and Aims: Syncope is due to brain dysfunction and is a common compliant among children. It accounts for almost 3% of all emergency departments (ED) visits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the QT dispersion in children with syncope in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan in 2014.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed among 50 children with syncope attacks (case group) referred to the Clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan during 2014 and 50 healthy children (control group) referred to the center for causes such as a cold or developmental examination. ECG was taken and QT, QTd (QT dispersion), QTc (Corrected QT interval) and QTcd (QTmin-QTmax =QT dispersion) intervals were studied. After proper explanation to the parents, data was obtained from the case and control group and was analyzed using Chisquare, Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Levene›s, Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests.Results: Total, there were 100 children in the study, the participants were divided into two groups of case (n=50) and control (n=50). Among the studied children, a total of 46 of them (46%) were boys. The mean age range of children in the case and control groups were 7.73± 2.33 and 8.09± 2.31 years, respectively (P-value 0.440). The mean QTmax, QTcmax, QTd and QTcd in the case group were 348.80 ± 46.93, 464.94±48.71, 47.80±19.72, 68.36±24.59 ms (millisecond) respectively and 305.28 ±35.52, 395.70 ±50.05, 29.68±13.45, and 45.16±24.46 ms respectively in the control group. There was a significant difference in terms of each of the 4 parameters (P <0.001), and the value of indices in the control group was significantly less than that of the patient group.Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the QTd and QTcd values in the children with syncope attacks were higher than those in the control group. Therefore, precise ECG examination in children suspected of syncope attacks can be helpful in confirming the incidence of syncope. Additionally, the recurrence of attacks can also be predicted in children with higher QTd and QTcd values.

scholarly journals GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES;

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
HAMZULLAH KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical Department ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peptic Disease ◽  
Study Results

. Objectives: To determine the frequency of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases/symptoms in a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar.Methods: A Cross sectional observational study was conducted in Medical department Khyber teaching hospital Peshawar from August 2005to march 2006. A total of 189 patients with established diagnosis of any gastrointestinal disease were randomly selected. Out of total101(53.43%) were males and 88(46.56%) were females. Relevant information’s were recorded on a pre-designed questionnaire was designedin accordance with the objectives of the study. Results: The age range of the patients was from 8 years to 82 years with mean age of 47.5years. The mode age observed was 45 years. Of total sampling (43.91%) were illiterate, primary passed (24.33%), matric education (15.87%),secondary education (11.11%) and (4.76%) patients had degree level education. The gastrointestinal disease pattern was: acute peptic disease/dyspepsia (15.87%), reflux esophagitis (7.91%), duodenal ulcer (1.5%), gastric ulcer (0.5%), worm infestation (1.5%), esophageal carcinoma(0.5%) and miscellaneous in 136(71.95%) patients. The distribution of the gastrointestinal disease symptoms was: chronic diarrhea (19.04%),vomiting (12.16%), dysentery (6.34%), bleeding per rectum (5.20%), constipation (2.1%), anorexia (1.5%), dysphagia (1.10%) and multiplesymptoms were recorded in (24.33%) patients. Conclusion: acute peptic disease/dyspepsia, chronic diarrhea dysentery, reflux esophagitisare major gastro intestinal (GI) diseases in our setup. Duodenal and gastric ulcers, carcinoma of gastrointestinal tract, worms infestation,dysphagia and anorexia were not as common.

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