scholarly journals Body Composition Changes in Weight Loss: Strategies and Supplementation for Maintaining Lean Body Mass, a Brief Review

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryn Willoughby ◽  
Susan Hewlings ◽  
Douglas Kalman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Improve Body Composition ◽  
Weight Loss Strategies ◽  
Common Weight

With over two-thirds (71.6%) of the US adult population either overweight or obese, many strategies have been suggested for weight loss. While many are successful, the weight loss is often accompanied by a loss in lean body mass. This loss in lean body mass has multiple negative health implications. Therefore, weight loss strategies that protect lean body mass are of value. It is challenging to consume a significant caloric deficit while maintaining lean body mass regardless of macronutrient distribution. Therefore, the efficacy of various dietary supplements on body weight and body composition have been a topic of research interest. Chromium picolinate has been shown to improve body composition by maintaining lean body mass. In this paper we review some common weight loss strategies and dietary supplements with a focus on their impact on body composition and compare them to the effect of chromium picolinate.

scholarly journals O-B05 Does rapid or gradual weight loss following bariatric surgery affect lean body mass depreciation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sivakumar ◽  
Qianyu Chen ◽  
Matthew Read ◽  
Tom Sutherland ◽  
Salena Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Controversy exists regarding the influence of the rate of weight loss on long-term body composition. The objective of this study was to compare body composition changes in patients with successful and unsuccessful weight loss 12 months after bariatric surgery. Methods A prospective analysis was completed on patients undergoing bariatric surgery at St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne between 2017 and 2021. Body composition was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry immediately before surgery, and at 12 months post-operatively. Fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) trajectories were analysed between patients, with either successful weight loss (SWL) or unsuccessful weight loss (USWL) stratified based on an excess weight loss (EWL) threshold of ≥ 50%. Results Thirty-seven patients were included in this series (SWL n = 25, USWL n = 12). Compared to those with USWL, SWL demonstrated a greater mean loss in BMI (12.3 vs 7.3 kg/m2; p < 0.001) and weight (34.4 vs 20.3 kg; p < 0.001). SWL demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in tissue fat% than USWL, with patients losing 7.3% more tissue fat on average. SWL was associated with an improved mean SMI% when compared with USWL (5.5 vs. 2.42%; p < 0.0009). However, the difference in FM:LBM loss ratio between the two groups did not demonstrate statistical significance (7.07 vs 4.62, p = 0.2519). Conclusions This data suggests that SWL is associated with a more optimal body composition outcome than USWL, which is at least partly due to a relative skeletal muscle-sparing effect in this group. Further research is warranted in understanding the implications of these changes on resting energy expenditure and the risk of weight regain.

PS02.196: STUDY OF BODY COMPOSITION CHANGE AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 177-178
Author(s):  
Takashi Ogata ◽  
Hiroaki Osakabe ◽  
Shinsuke Nagasawa ◽  
Masato Nakazono ◽  
Kentaro Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Weight Loss Rate ◽  
Body Composition Change ◽  
Body Mass Reduction

Abstract Background Esophageal cancer surgery with lymphadenectomy is known as a cause of weight loss during perioperative period, but the change of body composition is unclear. Methods The aim of study is to clarify the influence of body composition change after esophagectomy. 144 patients(51 cases without NAC and 93 cases with NAC: 98 cases with less than G2 perioperative complications and 46 cases with G2 or more perioperative complications: 36 cases with recurrence and 108 cases without recurrence were included) of esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy from August 2011 to December 2016 and evaluated body composition examination before operation and after operation(1, 3, 6 month) were included in this study. We compared the change of body composition between with or without preoperative chemotherapy, postoperative complication, and recurrence. Results The weight loss rate at discharging hospital, 1,3,6 month after discharge for without NAC group/with NAC group was 3.3/3.8%, 7.8/6.8%, 10.1/9.2%, 11.1/9.1% (NS), and the lean body mass reduction rate was 4.1/4.5%, 7.1/6.6%, 6.5/6.7% (N.S.), 6.6/4.3% (P < 0.05). The weight loss rate for with less than G2 perioperative complication group/with G2 or more perioperative complication group was 2.9/4.9%(P < 0.01), 6.1/8.7%(P < 0.01), 8.4/12.1%(P < 0.01), 8.4/11.2%(P < 0.05), and the lean body mass reduction rate was 3.7/5.9%(P < 0.05), 5.9/9.0%(P < 0.01), 5.6/9.6%(P < 0.01), 4.4/5.5%(N.S.). And there was no significant differences of weight loss rate and lean body mass reduction rate at discharging hospital, 1,3,6 month after discharge between with recurrence group and without recurrence group. Conclusion Due to postoperative complications after esophagectomy, the rate of weight loss increased from hospital discharge to 6 months after discharge. Particularly, lean body mass was reduced within 3 months. So, we may have a strategy such as continuing enteral nutrition even after discharge for complicated cases. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

A Pilot Study Comparing Megestrol Acetate Concentrated Suspension (MA-CS) to Megestrol Acetate Oral Suspension (MA-OS) on Weight Gain and Body Composition in Patients with HIV-Associated Unintended Weight Loss (UWL).

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1433-1433
Author(s):  
Donald D. Cilla ◽  
Jodi L. Gutierrez ◽  
Robert A. Femia ◽  
Lynn D. Kramer ◽  
Christine Wanke
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Megestrol Acetate ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
The Mean

Abstract BACKGROUND: MA-CS is a new NanoCrystal® technology formulation of megestrol acetate that is bioavailable in the fasted state, which may provide benefit in the treatment of UWL in HIV patients. METHODS: 63 patients with HIV-associated UWL (weight loss to 90% of the lower limit of ideal body weight) were recruited from South Africa, India and the US and then randomized to receive MA-CS (575 mg/5 mL) or MA-OS (800 mg/20 mL) once-daily for 12 weeks in a randomized, open-labeled, multi-center, pilot proof-of-principle study (sample size determined empirically). Patients had weight, body composition (bioimpedance analysis - BIA), and anthropometric measurements obtained at baseline and weekly thereafter, except BIA which was measured at 6 and 12 weeks. Weight changes were compared using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. RESULTS: The demographics were comparable between the two groups. The mean weight change from baseline to Week 12 for MA-CS was 5.4 kg (55.6 kg to 61 kg, 10% of baseline body weight). The mean weight change from baseline to Week 12 for MA-OS was 3.5 kg (54.4 kg to 57.9 kg, 6% of baseline body weight). Differences from baseline, in the mean changes in weight, were observed as early as Day 3 (p=0.024) for MA-CS, however no increase was noted until the second week for MA-OS. Similar between group differences were noted consistently at the weekly assessment intervals until week 12 (p= 0.024). Of these weight changes, lean body mass accounted for ~40% of the increase in both treatment groups (MA-CS was ~5% greater than MA-OS). Of the anthropometric measures, the mean triceps skin fold increased by ~36% at Week 12, relative to baseline, in both MA-CS and MA-OS treatment groups. Other anthropometric changes were all smaller (less than 7%) and comparable between treatments. The types and incidence rates of adverse events were similar between MA-CS and MA-OS. CONCLUSIONS: Both products were successful at increasing body weight. There was a greater and more rapid mean change from baseline in the weight gain for MA-CS than MA-OS. The observed weight changes reflected increases in both lean body mass and body fat. MA-CS had a greater change in lean body mass. This trial supports the principle that improved bioavailability of megestrol acetate in the fasted state with MA-CS may be associated with faster time to onset of changes in body weight.

scholarly journals Impact of Semaglutide on Body Composition in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: Exploratory Analysis of the STEP 1 Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A16-A17
Author(s):  
John P H Wilding ◽  
Rachel L Batterham ◽  
Salvatore Calanna ◽  
Luc F Van Gaal ◽  
Barbara M McGowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Lean Body Mass ◽  
Mass Proportion ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Background: Central obesity is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. Weight loss reduces lean muscle mass, potentially impacting resting energy expenditure and/or physical functioning. This analysis of the STEP 1 trial evaluated the impact of subcutaneous (s.c.) semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, on body composition in adults with overweight/obesity using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Methods: In STEP 1, 1961 adults aged ≥18 years with body mass index (BMI) ≥27 kg/m2 with ≥1 weight-related comorbidity or BMI ≥30 kg/m2, without diabetes, were randomized to s.c. semaglutide 2.4 mg once-weekly or matched placebo (2:1) for 68 weeks, plus lifestyle intervention. Participants with BMI ≤40 kg/m2 from 9 sites were eligible for the substudy. Total fat mass, total lean body mass and regional visceral fat mass were measured using DEXA at screening and week 68; visceral fat mass was calculated in the L4 region (both males/females), android region (males), or gynoid region (females), depending on site scanner methodology. Proportions of total fat and lean body mass are shown relative to total body mass; proportion of visceral fat mass is expressed relative to region assessed. Results: This analysis included 140 participants (semaglutide n=95; placebo n=45) (mean weight 98.4 kg, BMI 34.8 kg/m2; 76% female). Baseline body composition was similar in those receiving semaglutide and placebo (total fat mass proportion: 43.4% vs 44.6%; regional visceral fat mass proportion: 33.8% vs 36.3%; total lean body mass proportion: 53.9% vs 52.7%; respectively). Percentage change in body weight from baseline to week 68 was -15.0% with semaglutide vs -3.6% with placebo. This resulted in reductions from baseline with semaglutide in total fat mass (-19.3%) and regional visceral fat mass (-27.4%), leading to 3.5%-point and 2.0%-point reductions in the proportions of total fat mass and visceral fat mass, respectively. Total lean body mass decreased from baseline (-9.7%); however, the proportion relative to total body mass increased by 3.0%-points. An increasing improvement in lean body mass:fat mass ratio was seen with semaglutide with increasing weight loss from baseline to week 68 (continuous data). Overall, the ratio increased from baseline (1.34 [95% CI: 1.22, 1.47]) to week 68 by 0.23 [0.14, 0.32], with greater improvement in those with ≥15% weight loss (n=44; 0.41 [0.28, 0.53]) vs &lt;15% weight loss (n=39; 0.03 [-0.05, 0.12]) (observed, dichotomized data; no imputation for missing data). There were no major changes in body composition with placebo from baseline to week 68. Conclusion: In adults with overweight/obesity, semaglutide 2.4 mg was associated with reduced total fat mass and regional visceral fat mass, and an increased proportion of lean body mass. Greater weight loss was associated with greater improvement in body composition (lean body mass:fat mass ratio).

Comparison of the Effect of Soy protein and Whey protein on Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Masoome Piri Damaghi ◽  
Atieh Mirzababaei ◽  
Sajjad Moradi ◽  
Elnaz Daneshzad ◽  
Atefeh Tavakoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

Abstract Background: Essential amino acids (EAAs) promote the process of regulating muscle synthesis. Thus, whey protein that contains higher amounts of EAA can have a considerable effect on modifying muscle synthesis. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of soy and whey protein supplementation on body composition. Thus, we sought to perform a meta-analysis of published Randomized Clinical Trials that examined the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition (lean body mass, fat mass, body mass and body fat percentage) in adults. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, up to August 2020, for all relevant published articles assessing soy protein supplementation and whey protein supplementation on body composition parameters. We included all Randomized Clinical Trials that investigated the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition in adults. Pooled means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis was applied to discern possible sources of heterogeneity. Results: After excluding non-relevant articles, 10 studies, with 596 participants, remained in this study. We found a significant increase in lean body mass after whey protein supplementation weighted mean difference (WMD: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.67. P= 0.019). Subgroup analysis, for whey protein, indicated that there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals concomitant to exercise (WMD: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.47, 2.00; P= 0.001). There was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who received 12 or less weeks of whey protein (WMD: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.63; P<0.0001). We observed no significant change between whey protein supplementation and body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. We found no significant change between soy protein supplementation and lean body mass, body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. Subgroup analysis for soy protein indicated there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who supplemented for 12 or less weeks with soy protein (WMD: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.89; P< 0.0001). Conclusion: Whey protein supplementation significantly improved body composition via increases in lean body mass, without influencing fat mass, body mass, and body fat percentage.

scholarly journals The Effects of Intermittent Fasting Combined with Resistance Training on Lean Body Mass: A Systematic Review of Human Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2349
Author(s):  
Stephen Keenan ◽  
Matthew B. Cooke ◽  
Regina Belski
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

Diets utilising intermittent fasting (IF) as a strategic method to manipulate body composition have recently grown in popularity, however, dietary practices involving fasting have also been followed for centuries for religious reasons (i.e., Ramadan). Regardless of the reasons for engaging in IF, the impacts on lean body mass (LBM) may be detrimental. Previous research has demonstrated that resistance training promotes LBM accrual, however, whether this still occurs during IF is unclear. Therefore, the objective of this review is to systematically analyse human studies investigating the effects of variations of IF combined with resistance training on changes in LBM in previously sedentary or trained (non-elite) individuals. Changes in body weight and fat mass, and protocol adherence were assessed as a secondary objective. This review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed and SportDiscus databases were searched for articles investigating IF, combined with resistance training that reported measures of body composition. Eight studies met the eligibility criteria. LBM was generally maintained, while one study reported a significant increase in LBM. Body fat mass or percentage was significantly reduced in five of eight studies. Results suggest that IF paired with resistance training generally maintains LBM, and can also promote fat loss. Future research should examine longer-term effects of various forms of IF combined with resistance training compared to traditional forms of energy restriction. Prospero registration CRD42018103867.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet Adherence, Body Composition and Performance in Beach Handball Players: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2837
Author(s):  
Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
María Martínez-Olcina ◽  
María Hernández-García ◽  
Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias ◽  
Javier Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Diet Adherence ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Adherence ◽  
And Performance

Background: Beach handball (BH) is a sport in which sporting performance is influenced, together with team interaction, by individual performance in terms of strength. Body composition is one of the main factors for sports performance and eating habits can condition this variable. The Mediterranean diet (MD) can significantly reduce the risk of mortality or cardiovascular disease. In addition, the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment carries out different campaigns to promote it among young athletes, establishing it as a suitable diet for sports. Objectives: The main aims of the study are to assess body composition, physical activity and adherence to the MD of beach handball players. It also aims to evaluate age group differences in male and female players, as well as studying the possible relationship between MD, body composition and performance variables. Methods: A total of 59 Spanish BH players were recruited in the national championship of BH in the province of Alicante. Thirty-eight male (14 junior; 17.0 ± 0.1 years and 24 seniors; 25.5 ± 4.7 years) and twenty-one female (7 junior; 16.1 ± 1.46 years and 14 seniors; 23.2 ± 2.0 years) BH players participated in this study. The questionnaire to evaluate eating habits was Mediterranean diet adherence (KIDMED). Body composition was measured with electrical bioimpedance. Strength was evaluated by means of a maximum isometric handgrip test of the dominant hand with handgrip and height of jump by counter-jump on contact platform. In the statistical analysis, descriptions and correlations between the study variables were made. Results: In females, when the adherence to the MD is lower, the weight is higher, the lean body mass is lower and worse results are observed in performance tests. As for males, there are differences in weight and lean body mass according to category. Conclusions: Adequate eating habits are related to the weight of beach handball athletes. In addition, specifically with junior players, it has been observed that adherence to the MD correlates with weight.

Importance of body composition in grading body mass index and weight loss-related nutritional risk in cancer patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 550-551
Author(s):  
E. Cereda ◽  
F. Lobascio ◽  
S. Masi ◽  
S. Crotti ◽  
S. Cappello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Nutritional Risk

scholarly journals Seasonal Body Composition Variation Amongst Elite European Professional Soccer Players: An Approach of Talent Identification

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lee Owen ◽  
Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽  
Gordon Dunlop ◽  
Rouissi Mehdi ◽  
Moktar Chtara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Composition Profiles

AbstractThe primary aim of the investigation was to study the seasonal changes in body composition in elite European soccer players and identify key playing positional differences. Twenty-two players (age = 24 ± 3.7 years, body height = 180.45 ± 5.12 cm, body mass = 76.66 ± 5.34 kg) were tested. Players’ mass (kg), lean body mass (LBM), fat free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), muscle girths (MG) and sum of 8 skinfolds (mm) were measured across 5 time points (T0 = Start of pre-season training; T1 = End of pre-season training; T2 = Mid-season; T3 = End of mid-season break; T4 = End of season). Players were divided into their tactical positional roles for analysis. The specific positions they were divided into included defenders (n = 8), midfielders (n = 8) and forwards (n = 6). Assessment of training and matchplay exposure were also recorded. Sites-4, Sites-7, Sites-8 and Fat Mass decreased dramatically from T0 to T1 and T2 in all playing positions (p < 0.01), while no remarkable differences were found between T2, T3 and T4. Except for defenders, calf girth and lean mass were higher in T2, T3 and T4 compared to T0 and T1 (p < 0.01). Midfielders were found to be leaner than forwards and defenders in all data collection time point sessions. Defenders showed higher values in calf girth and lean body mass than midfielders and forwards. It can be concluded from this investigation that there are large variances n positional body composition profiles amongst professional European soccer players. Furthermore, significant changes are prevalent and occur across the season from LBM, FFM, MG and skinfold assessment amongst European elite level soccer players.

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