scholarly journals Body Fat Percentage, Body Mass Index, Fat Mass Index and the Ageing Bone: Their Singular and Combined Roles Linked to Physical Activity and Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Tomlinson ◽  
Robert Erskine ◽  
Christopher Morse ◽  
Gladys Onambélé
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Fat Mass Index

This study took a multi-analytical approach including group differences, correlations and unit-weighed directional z-score comparisons to identify the key mediators of bone health. A total of 190 participants (18–80 years) were categorized by body fat%, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (FMI) to examine the effect of differing obesity criteria on bone characteristics. A subset of 50 healthy-eating middle-to-older aged adults (44–80 years) was randomly selected to examine any added impact of lifestyle and inflammatory profiles. Diet was assessed using a 3-day food diary, bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar, thoracic, (upper and lower) appendicular and pelvic areas. Physical activity was assessed using the Baecke questionnaire, and endocrine profiling was assessed using multiplex luminometry. Obesity, classed via BMI, positively affected 20 out of 22 BMC- and BMD-related outcome measures, whereas FMI was associated with 14 outcome measures and adiposity only modulated nine out of 22 BMC- and BMD-related outcome measures. Whilst bivariate correlations only linked vitamin A and relative protein intake with BMD, the Z-score composite summary presented a significantly different overall dietary quality between healthy and osteopenic individuals. In addition, bivariate correlations from the subset revealed daily energy intake, sport-based physical activity and BMI positive mediators of seven out of 10 BMD sites with age and body fat% shown to be negative mediators of bone characteristics. In conclusion, whilst BMI is a good indicator of bone characteristics, high body fat% should also be the focus of osteoporosis risk with ageing. Interestingly, high BMI in conjunction with moderate to vigorous activity supplemented with an optimal diet (quality and quantity) are identified as positive modulators of bone heath.

scholarly journals Obesity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission: the evaluation of causes, hidden nutritional deficiency and the experience of its correction by using artificial enteral nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Vashura ◽  
E. V. Zhukovskaya ◽  
S. S. Lukina ◽  
A. E. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Bioimpedance Analysis ◽  
Z Score

Background. Antineoplastic treatment can have late toxic manifestations that can often appear after end of treatment. Children after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a risk of developing both obesity and undernutrition, which may be concealed by increased fat mass.Objective: to explore the incidence of obesity and hidden undernutrition in children with ALL and to describe the effect of enteral feeding using in these children.Materials and methods. In a retrospective study the data of 62 children with obesity that was revealed by standard examination was analyzed. The criterion of obesity was increased value of fat mass received by bioimpedance analysis. For this evaluation Russian bioimpedance analysis standards were used. Additionally, the included data were following: presence of endocrine pathology, weight change during latter 6 months before admission, physical activity and alimentary characteristics (usual regimen and structure of daily feed).Results. Only 54.8 % of patients with an actual excess of fat body mass index detected obesity (Z‑score higher than +2.00) and another 29 % body mass index was within the normal range (Z‑score from –1.00 to +1.00). This was the result of a tissue imbalance: reduce fat‑free mass. Some patients were diagnosed with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. 83.7 % have a completely passive lifestyle. 49.0 % almost do not eat fruits and berries, 79.6 % – vegetables and 91.8 % – fish and seafood. Frequent intake of sweet dishes – 22.4 %, sausage products – 49.0 %, bakery products – 42.9 %, dishes from fast food restaurants – 42.9 %. 55.1 % of patients had more than 5 meals a day, while 18.4 % – less than 3. In or‑ der to correct hidden nutritional deficiencies, 22 patients received artificial nutritional formulas. They had a significant increase in fat‑free mass and a decrease in fat, in comparison with those who did not receive enteral feeding.Conclusion. Treatment‑associated factors, physical activity and alimentary causes play an important role in formation of not only obesity, but also hidden nutritional insufficiency in children with ALL after treatment. Enteral feeding using artificial polymeric formulas showed its effectiveness. An integrated and multidisciplinary approach to solving the problem is appropriate of prevention and treatment of obesity.

Relation of Body Mass Index and Body Fat Mass for Spanish University Students, Taking into Account Leisure-Time Physical Activity

2009 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Molina-García ◽  
Isabel Castillo ◽  
Carlos Pablos ◽  
Ana Queralt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
University Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the relation of Body Mass Index with body fat mass while taking into account the amount of leisure-time physical activity for 299 male university students. Body fat mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. An estimation of energy expenditure in leisure-time physical activity in metabolic equivalents (METs) was obtained so participants were divided into six activity groups by percentile: no physical activity by the first group and participants physically active were divided into five groups by percentiles: <25%, 26–50%, 51–75%, 76–90%, and 91–100%. Correlations of Body Mass Index with body fat mass were strong in different groups—values ranged from .76 to .85, except for the >90% group.

The relevance of left ventricular functions to clinical and metabolic characteristics of prepubertal children with obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Rakha ◽  
Nanees Salem ◽  
Ahmed Abdel Khalek Abdel Razek ◽  
Donia M. Sobh ◽  
Farahat El-Moslemany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Fat Mass Index ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Ventricular Functions

Abstract Background: Paediatric obesity is a worldwide health burden, with growing evidence linking obesity to myocardial function impairments. The study aims to evaluate left ventricular functions among prepubertal obese children to obesity-related clinical and metabolic parameters. Methods: Between June 2019 and March 2020, 40 prepubertal children with obesity were recruited and compared to 40 healthy controls. Patients were assessed for body mass index z scores, waist circumference, body adiposity by bioimpedance analysis, and obesity-related laboratory tests, for example, serum chemerin. Left ventricular functions were assessed using variable echocardiographic modalities, such as M-mode, tissue Doppler, and two-dimensional speckle tracking. Results: Mean patients’ age was 9.25 ± 1.05 years. Left ventricular mass index, E/E’, and myocardial performance index were significantly increased in obese children than controls. Although M-mode-derived ejection fraction was comparable in both groups, two-dimensional speckle tracking-derived ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain, and global circumferential strain were significantly lower in cases than controls. Left ventricular mass index displayed a positive correlation with body mass index z score (p = 0.003), fat mass index (p = 0.037), and trunk fat mass (p = 0.021). Global longitudinal strain was negatively correlated with body mass index z score (p = 0.015) and fat mass index (p = 0.016). Serum chemerin was positively correlated with myocardial performance index (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Alterations of left ventricular myocardial functions in prepubertal obese children could be detected using different echocardiographic modalities. Chemerin, body mass index z score, fat mass index, and trunk fat mass were correlated with subclinical left ventricular myocardial dysfunction parameters before puberty. Our results reinforce early and strict management of childhood obesity upon detection of changes in anthropometric and body adiposity indices.

scholarly journals Nutritional intervention in childhood overweight – Efficacy of the motivational multidisciplinary individualized treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia Cabral ◽  
Inês Asseiceira ◽  
Joana Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Fat Mass Index ◽  
Pediatric Overweight

Abstract Background: The increase in prevalence of pre-obesity and childhood obesity in most European countries led to the need to develop effective interventions to reverse this situation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a behavioral protocol for the treatment of pediatric overweight. Methods: The study sample consisted of overweight children/adolescents between six and eighteen years old. The individuals who were intervened with the application of a behavioral contract belonged to Behavioral Group (BG) and those who received standard treatment belonged to the Standard Treatment Group (STG). The evolution of the Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score and body composition were evaluated. Results: The BG significantly decreased the Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score both in the middle and at the end of the intervention, but the STG only significantly decreased the BMI z-score at the end of the intervention. We were also found that the BG significantly decreased the fat mass index (p< 0,05) compared to the STG (p> 0,05) after twelve months. Conclusion: The use of a behavioral approach for the treatment of pediatric overweight showed an improvement in fat mass index and a decrease in BMI at twelve months when compared to a standard intervention. Thus, the behavioral approach seems to be more effective than a standard long-term nutritional approach . In summary, the child's accountability in its overweight treatment process seems to be effective.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Variables as Mediators of the Association of Changes in Diet and Physical Activity With Inflammatory Profile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cárdenas-Fuentes ◽  
Camille Lassale ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González ◽  
María Grau ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Inflammatory Score ◽  
Inflammatory Profile

Abstract Background Mechanisms underlying the associations of high levels of physical activity (PA) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) with a better inflammatory profile remain unclear. Our objective was to assess the mediating role of changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), as markers of body fat in the association of changes in PA and adherence to the MedDiet, with changes in the inflammatory profile. Method This study included 489 adults, aged 55–75 years, from the PREDIMED-Plus multicenter lifestyle intervention trial. An inflammatory score was calculated, based on 8 blood biomarkers: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, interleukin 18, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, C-peptide, leptin, and regulated on activation, normal T-cell–expressed and secreted chemokine. Biomarkers, levels of PA, score of MedDiet adherence, BMI, and WC were measured at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Linear regression models were fitted according to the Baron and Kenny framework for mediation analysis. Results Changes in BMI and WC mediated the association of both changes in PA and changes in the MedDiet adherence with the inflammatory score. Body mass index mediated 26% of the association of changes in total PA with the inflammatory profile, and 27% of the association of changes in the MedDiet, while WC mediated 13% and 12% of these associations, respectively. Conclusion In older adults at high cardiovascular risk, increasing PA levels and adherence to a MedDiet during 1 year were associated with a lower inflammatory score, which was partly mediated by a reduction in body fat. Clinical Trials Registration Number International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN89898870; registration date July 24, 2014, retrospectively registered.

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