Reliability of Repeated Measures of Nutrient Intake by Diet Records in Residents in the Western Region of Japan

Objective: We aimed to assess the day-to-day variation in twelve one-day diet records over one year from 131 residents of urban and rural areas in the western region of Japan. Methods: Between 2014 and 2015, the participants provided repeated one-day diet records once a month. We estimated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCs) for intakes for energy and 39 crude and energy-adjusted nutrients using linear mixed models. Results: Among the unadjusted nutrients, ICCs ranged from 0.05 (95 percent confidence interval = 0.03–0.09) for vitamin A retinol equivalent (RE) to 0.55 (95% CI = 0.48–0.62) for potassium. After energy adjustment, the ICCs were 0.02 (95 percent confidence interval = 0.03–0.09) for vitamin A (RE) and 0.52 (95 percent confidence interval = 0.45–0.59) for potassium. Intakes of energy-adjusted macronutrients tended to have moderate degrees of day-to-day coefficients of variation (CVw, range = 0.13–0.23, mean = 0.18), while the coefficients of variation for intakes of micronutrients varied dramatically (CVw, range = 0.17–2.59, mean = 0.54). Conclusion: There were large day-to-day variations in nutrient intake assessed by diet records among urban and rural residents in the western region of Japan. This study provided information on the reproducibility of crude and energy-adjusted nutrients that may be useful for other dietary studies in Japanese populations.

Download Full-text

Development of a Fitness Test Battery for Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) Operators—A Pilot Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18157992 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 7992

Author(s):

Megan Sax van der Weyden ◽

Christopher D. Black ◽

Daniel Larson ◽

Brian Rollberg ◽

Jason A. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Police Departments ◽

Fitness Test ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Body Drag ◽

Testing Measure ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Reliable Testing

This investigation examined relationships between a Special Weapons and Tactics-specific fitness test (SORT) and an obstacle course (OC) used for qualification in fourteen male SWAT members from three local, regional police departments. The SORT included: squat, pushup, and lunge in 60 s; pullup hold; sled drag; and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test L1. The obstacle course included: 25 m sprint (repeated); window ascent; scale under a wall; 25 m serpentine run (repeated), body drag (20 m, repeated). Pearson coefficients examined SORT and OC relationships (p ≤ 0.05); intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1) assessed agreement of SORT trials. Repeated measures ANOVA evaluated differences in SORT metrics across time. Coefficients of variation (COV) examined SORT scoring consistency. The YoYo test was related to all SORT assessments (r = −0.803–0.894), except sled drag. The remaining SORT metrics were related to ≥two tests. SORT COVs ranged from 0.77–13.26% for trials 1–2 but decreased between trials 2–3 (0.95–8.97%). The OC was associated with YoYo, lunges, squats and sled drag (r = −0.790, −0.730, −0.766, and 0.802, respectively). No differences (p > 0.05) existed across SORT trials for event scores. The SORT battery appears to be a valid and reliable testing measure to assess SWAT occupational specific fitness.

Download Full-text

The 10/5 Repeated Jumps Test: Are 10 Repetitions and Three Trials Necessary?

Biomechanics ◽

10.3390/biomechanics1010001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Callum Stratford ◽

Thomas Dos’Santos ◽

John J. McMahon

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Force Plate ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Pairwise Comparisons ◽

Strength Index ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Ground Contact Time

The purpose of this study was to identify whether ten repetitions and three trials were necessary to achieve stability in peak reactive strength index (RSI) during the 10/5 repeated jumps test (RJT). Twenty-five males, from multiple sports, performed three trials of the RJT on an in-ground force plate, with 90 seconds’ rest between trials. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC = 0.916–0.986) and coefficients of variation (CV ≤ 14.5%) were considered acceptable for all variables. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and Freidman’s tests revealed large and significant differences (p ≤ 0.006, η2 = 0.159–0.434, power ≥ 0.859) in ground contact time (GCT), jump height (JH), and subsequently RSI both between trials and repetitions. Pairwise comparisons revealed that repetitions 1–3 produced longer GCTs (p ≤ 0.05, d = 0.41–1.40), lower JHs (p ≤ 0.05, d = 0.31–0.56), and lower RSI values (p ≤ 0.05, d = 0.35–1.24). The shortest GCTs, greatest JHs and greater RSIs occurred between repetitions 7 and 10, with approximately 60% of peak RSIs occurring during these ranges. The sequential estimate technique revealed that seven repetitions were needed to attain stability in mean peak RSI. Non-significant (p = 0.554) and negligible differences (d ≤ 0.09) in the five best RSIs between trials were noted. One trial of the 10/5 RJT is sufficient to evaluate peak RSI in athletes and should reduce data collection time and fatigue.

Download Full-text

Agreement between the Open Barbell and Tendo Linear Position Transducers for Monitoring Barbell Velocity during Resistance Exercise

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports7050125 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Adam M. Gonzalez ◽

Gerald T. Mangine ◽

Robert W. Spitz ◽

Jamie J. Ghigiarelli ◽

Katie M. Sell

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Peak Velocity ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Mean Velocity ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Standard Error Of Measurement

To determine the agreement between the Open Barbell (OB) and Tendo weightlifting analyzer (TWA) for measuring barbell velocity, eleven men (19.4 ± 1.0 y) performed one set of 2–3 repetitions at four sub-maximal percentage loads, [i.e., 30, 50, 70, and 90% one-repetition maximum (1RM)] in the back (BS) and front squat (FS) exercises. During each repetition, peak and mean barbell velocity were recorded by OB and TWA devices, and the average of the 2–3 repetitions was used for analyses. Although the repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significantly (p ≤ 0.005) greater peak and mean velocity scores from OB across all intensities, high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,K = 0.790–0.998), low standard error of measurement (SEM2,K = 0.040–0.119 m·s−1), and coefficients of variation (CV = 2–4%) suggested consistency between devices. Positive (r = 0.491–0.949) Pearson correlations between averages and differences (between devices) in peak velocity, as well as associated Bland-Altman plots, showed greater differences occurred as the velocity increased, particularly at low-moderate intensity loads. OB consistently provides greater barbell velocity scores compared to TWA, and the differences between devices were more apparent as the peak velocity increased with low-to-moderate loads. Strength coaches and athletes may find better agreement between devices if the mean velocity scores are only considered.

Download Full-text

A comparison of alternative selection methods for reporting spirometric parameters in healthy adults

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94120-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer H. Therkorn ◽

Daniella R. Toto ◽

Michael J. Falvo

Keyword(s):

Measurement Error ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Valid Data

AbstractAlternative methods have been proposed to report spirometry indices from test sessions (forced expiratory volume 1 s, FEV1; forced vital capacity, FVC). However, most use the American and European Societies’ standard (ATS/ERS) which stops sessions once a repeatability threshold is met which may not accurately represent intra-session variability. Our goal was to repeat trials beyond the repeatability threshold and evaluate alternative reporting methods. 130 adults performed spirometry across two visits. Spirometry indices were reported using the ATS/ERS standard and four alternatives. 78 participants (60%) had valid data for all methods and visits. Intra-session coefficients of variation were low (FEV1: 3.1–3.7%; FVC: 2.3–2.8%). Our four alternative methods yielded FEV1 and FVC values ≤ 0.08 L different from ATS/ERS standard, which is not clinically meaningful. Intraclass correlation coefficients were ≥ 0.97 indicating consistency across repeated measures. The smallest real differences ranged from FEV1: 0.20–0.27 L and FVC: 0.18–0.24 L indicating consistency and low measurement error. Overall, all methods for reporting FEV1 and FVC demonstrated similar measurement error, precision, and stability within- and between-visits. These results suggest that once ATS/ERS repeatability is achieved, which approach is used for reporting spirometric variables may be of low clinical significance in a healthy population.

Download Full-text

Assessing Analytical Variability of Measurement of Vitamin A in Corn-Soy Blend

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/93.2.638 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 638-649

Author(s):

Wayne R Moore ◽

Jonathan DeVries ◽

John MacDonald ◽

Lynne Hare ◽

J Carson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Food Aid ◽

Reference Standard ◽

Regulatory Oversight ◽

Fortified Food ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Low Levels

Abstract Two multilaboratory investigations were conducted by SUSTAIN to assess variability in the measurement of vitamin A, the marker used to verify levels of vitamin premix addition to enriched/fortified food aid products, including the widely distributed corn-soy blend (CSB). CSB specifications identify AACC Approved Method 86-06 or equivalent methods for vitamin A analysis, however there is no requirement to demonstrate equivalency. CSB samples with known and blinded levels of vitamin A and a reference standard were analyzed by 16 laboratories using their respective methods. Calculated coefficients of variation across all laboratories and methods for unknown samples and reference standard were 35 and 7.1, respectively, suggesting the largest source of variation is the vitamin extraction procedure. Laboratories generally overestimated low levels and underestimated high levels of vitamin A within the range of 6000 and 16 000 IU/lb. Only two laboratories demonstrated excellent internal precision (300 IU vitamin A/lb) and reported values within 95 confidence interval for all blinded samples. Results of this study have implications both for quality control in food aid products (due to the use of vitamin A as a marker) and for regulatory oversight of vitamin A content in commercial food products.

Download Full-text