Vitamin D Status Among Male Late Adolescents Living in Southern Switzerland: Role of Body Composition and Lifestyle

Background: Poor vitamin D status is a worldwide health problem. Yet, knowledge about vitamin D status among adolescents in Southern Europe is limited. This study investigated concentrations and modulating factors of vitamin D in a healthy population of male late adolescents living in Southern Switzerland. Methods: All apparently healthy subjects attending for the medical evaluation before the compulsory military service in Southern Switzerland during 2014-2016 were eligible. Dark-skin subjects, subjects on vitamin D supplementation or managed with diseases or drugs involved in vitamin D metabolism were excluded. Anthropometric measurements (body height, weight, fat percentage, mid-upper arm and waist circumference) and blood sampling for total 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, total cholesterol and ferritin concentrations testing, were collected. Participants filled in a structured questionnaire addressing their lifestyle. Characteristics of the subjects with adequate (≥50 nmol/L–≤250 nmol/L) and insufficient (<50 nmol/L) vitamin D values were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test or χ2 test. Odds ratios for 25-hydroxy-vitamin D insufficiency were calculated by univariate and AIC-selected multiple logistic regression models. Results: A total of 1045 subjects volunteered to participate in the study. Insufficient concentrations of vitamin D were detected in 184 (17%). The season of measurement was the most significant factor associated with vitamin D levels and approximately 40% of subjects presented insufficient vitamin D concentrations in winter. After model selection, body fat percentage, frequency and site of recreational physical activity, and the seasonality were significantly associated with the risk of vitamin D insufficiency. Conclusions: Among healthy male late adolescents in Southern Switzerland, about one every fourth subject presents a poor vitamin D status in non-summer seasons. Body fat percentage, frequent and outdoor recreational physical activity are modulating factors of vitamin D status in this population.

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Vitamin D status is a determinant of skeletal muscle mass in obesity according to body fat percentage

Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.nut.2014.11.011 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 801-806 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Prapimporn Chattranukulchai Shantavasinkul ◽

Pariya Phanachet ◽

Orawan Puchaiwattananon ◽

La-or Chailurkit ◽

Tanarat Lepananon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Fat Percentage

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Is the impact of adiposity on taste perceptions moderated by chronic physical activity? An overview of the data from NHANES 2013-2014.

10.1101/2021.09.30.21264372 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandre-Charles Gauthier ◽

Marie-Eve Mathieu

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Fat ◽

Activity Level ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Active Lifestyle ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

Tip Test ◽

The Impact

Introduction Taste is a key sensory modulator of eating behaviour and thus energy intake. The effects of acute exercise has recently been confirmed especially regarding sweet and salty tastes. Physical activity is a safe and effective countermeasure to certain types of chemosensory losses, especially in older populations. Knowing that taste can be impaired with increased adiposity, it is unknown if the adoption of an active lifestyle on a regular basis can mitigate such impairments. Methods Data were extracted from NHANES 2013-2014 database. Perception of salt and bitter tastes for Tongue Tip Test and Whole Mouth Test, physical activity levels over an 8-9-day period and adiposity were analyzed. Moderation analyses were used to study the impact of adiposity on taste perceptions, with physical activity level as the moderator. Results The 197 participants (130 males) included in this project had a mean+/-standard deviation age of 49.1+/-5.2 years, a mean body fat percentage of 31.7+/-7.6% and mean daily physical activity levels of 11 084+/-3531 Monitor-Independent Movement Summary unit (MIMS). The positive association between adiposity and both bitter Tongue Tip Test and overall result (salt+bitter) of Tongue Tip Test were moderated by the adoption of an active lifestyle, with better taste scores observed in individuals achieving higher physical activity levels. When moderation analysis were stratified by gender, the effect of physical activity was no longer significant. Perspectives This study is the first to evaluate the influence of an active lifestyle on the preservation of some taste perceptions across a wide range of adiposity levels. While differences in taste can be observed regarding body fat percentage, physical activity moderates that relation only when men and women are analysed together.

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PO-236 Associations between sleep quality of college students and different measures of obesity: A cross-sectional study

Exercise Biochemistry Review ◽

10.14428/ebr.v1i5.10653 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Guangyu Wang ◽

Mei Zhen Zhang

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Body Fat ◽

Positive Association ◽

Female Students ◽

Male Students ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage

Objective The majority studies focused on obesity prevention on physical activity and eating behavior. However, epidemiological studies have shown that sleep duration and sleep quality could be an adjustable risk factor for obesity. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of sleep quality with different measurement of obesity in Chinese university students. Methods A total of 481 college students aged 18-25 years volunteered to participate in this study. Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）questionnaire. International Physical Activity Questionnaire （IPAQ）was used to determine the physical activity, Psychological status was assessed by Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS） and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Body height, weight and waist circumference are measured by a trained researcher. Body composition was evaluated by a bio-impedance device (InBody 230, South Korea). Independent sample t test was applied to compare the sleep characteristics, physical activity, obesity, depression and anxiety in different gender students. The associations among the dependent variables BMI, body fat percentage, and the independent variables age, sleep quality and sleep durations was examined using Multiple linear regression models. SPSS 22.0 (IMB SPSS Inc) was used for all statistical. Results The BMI (22.9±3.4 vs 21.6±3.2, p＜0.001) of male students were significantly higher than that of female, but the percentage of body fat (18.7±6.9 vs 29.7±7.0, p＜0.001) was lower than that of female. We observed a positive association between sleep quality and body fat percentage (β = 0.166, P = 0.037), and a negative association with age (β = -0.166, P = 0.008) in female students. Sleep quality was associated positively with BMI (β = 0.360, P＜0.001), body fat percentage (β = 0.260, P＜0.001), and age (β = 0.215, P＜0.001) in male students; An inverse correlation between sleep duration and BMI (β = -0.141, P = 0.015), body fat percentage (β = -0.134, P = 0.022) was found, and a positive relationship with anxiety scores (β = 0.331, P＜0.001) in male students. while an inverse relationship was found with WHR (β = -0.236, P = 0.001), waist circumference (β = -0.169, P = 0.007), and a positive association between sleep duration with anxiety scores (β = 0.331, P＜0.001) and depression scores (β = 0.415, P＜0.001) in female students. Conclusions The obesity of male and female students goes up with the increase of total score of sleep quality, anxiety and depression, and goes down with the increase of sleep duration, physical activity time and energy consumption. Male obesity increases with age, but female obesity decreases with age. Among the importance of males' sleep duration and sleep quality in the obesity risk assessment, BMI and body fat percentages are more accurate, while for females, BMI and waist circumference is of no statistical significance.

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Anthropometric Obesity Indices, Body Fat Percentage, and Grip Strength in Young Adults with different Physical Activity Levels

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk4030051 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Söğüt ◽

Kaya ◽

Altunsoy ◽

Clark ◽

Clemente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Body Fat ◽

Activity Level ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Physically Active ◽

Obesity Indices ◽

Activity Groups

The purposes of this study were to determine whether moderately physically active (MPA) and highly physically active (HPA) male (n = 96, age = 22.5 ± 1.7 years) and female (n = 85, age = 21.3 ± 1.6 years) young adults differed in their anthropometric obesity indices (AOIs), body fat percentage (BF%), and muscular strength, and also to examine the associations between physical activity level (PAL) and the abovementioned variables. Participants were measured for body height and weight, BF%, waist and hip circumferences, and maximal isometric grip strength. According to their PAL, estimated by the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, they were assigned to MPA and HPA subgroups. Regardless of gender, results indicated that participants in the MPA groups had significantly higher values of body weight, waist and hip circumference, BF%, and BMI than participants in the HPA groups. No significant differences were found between physical activity groups in terms of grip strength. The AOIs and BF% were found to be significantly and negatively correlated with the PAL in both genders. In conclusion, the findings of the study suggest that high habitual physical activity is associated with lower adiposity markers. However, the differences in the hand grip strength of the contrasting activity groups were negligible.

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Role of pregnancy and obesity on vitamin D status, transport, and metabolism in baboons

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00208.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 316 (1) ◽

pp. E63-E72

Author(s):

Eugenia Mata-Greenwood ◽

Hillary F. Huber ◽

Cun Li ◽

Peter W. Nathanielsz

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Placental Tissue ◽

Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽

Primate Species ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽

Kidney Liver

Human studies show that obesity is associated with vitamin D insufficiency, which contributes to obesity-related disorders. Our aim was to elucidate the regulation of vitamin D during pregnancy and obesity in a nonhuman primate species. We studied lean and obese nonpregnant and pregnant baboons. Plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D) and 1α,25-(OH)2-D metabolites were analyzed using ELISA. Vitamin D-related gene expression was studied in maternal kidney, liver, subcutaneous fat, and placental tissue using real-time PCR and immunoblotting. Pregnancy was associated with an increase in plasma bioactive vitamin D levels compared with nonpregnant baboons in both lean and obese groups. Pregnant baboons had lower renal 24-hydroxylase CYP24A1 protein and chromatin-bound vitamin D receptor (VDR) than nonpregnant baboons. In contrast, pregnancy upregulated the expression of CYP24A1 and VDR in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Obesity decreased vitamin D status in pregnant baboons (162 ± 17 vs. 235 ± 28 nM for 25-OH-D, 671 ± 12 vs. 710 ± 10 pM for 1α,25-(OH)2-D; obese vs. lean pregnant baboons, P < 0.05). Lower vitamin D status correlated with decreased maternal renal expression of the vitamin D transporter cubulin and the 1α-hydroxylase CYP27B1. Maternal obesity also induced placental downregulation of the transporter megalin (LRP2), CYP27B1, the 25-hydroxylase CYP2J2, and VDR. We conclude that baboons represent a novel species to evaluate vitamin D regulation. Both pregnancy and obesity altered vitamin D status. Obesity-induced downregulation of vitamin D transport and bioactivation genes are novel mechanisms of obesity-induced vitamin D regulation.

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Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activities Are Associated with High Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17082796 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 2796

Author(s):

Riki Tanaka ◽

Sayuri Fuse ◽

Miyuki Kuroiwa ◽

Shiho Amagasa ◽

Tasuki Endo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

Vigorous Intensity

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a role in adaptive thermogenesis in response to cold environments and dietary intake via sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. It is unclear whether physical activity increases BAT density (BAT-d). Two-hundred ninety-eight participants (age: 41.2 ± 12.1 (mean ± standard deviation), height: 163.6 ± 8.3 cm, weight: 60.2 ± 11.0 kg, body mass index (BMI): 22.4 ± 3.0 kg/m2, body fat percentage: 25.4 ± 7.5%) without smoking habits were categorized based on their physical activity levels (a group performing physical activities including walking and moderate physical activity (WM) and a group performing WM + vigorous-intensity physical activities (VWM)). We measured the total hemoglobin concentration ([Total-Hb]) in the supraclavicular region, an index of BAT-d, and anthropometric parameters. [Total-Hb] was significantly higher in VWM than WM for all participant groups presumably owing to SNS activation during vigorous-intensity physical activities, and unrelated to the amount of total physical activity levels. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis revealed that BAT-d was related to visceral fat area and VWM in men and related to body fat percentage in women. We conclude that vigorous-intensity physical activities are associated with high BAT-d in humans, especially in men.

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The effect of physical activity intensity on Body Mass Index and Body Fat Percentage

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckv176.309 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

H Radasevic ◽

Z Sostar ◽

S Jelusic ◽

I Portolan Pajic ◽

A Mestric ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Physical Activity Intensity ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Activity Intensity

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Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Sleep Duration: Associations with Body Composition in Fibromyalgia. The Al-Andalus Project

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8081260 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 1260 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Blanca Gavilán-Carrera ◽

Pedro Acosta-Manzano ◽

Alberto Soriano-Maldonado ◽

Milkana Borges-Cosic ◽

Virginia A. Aparicio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Body Fat ◽

Regression Models ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage

To explore the individual–independent relationships of sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) (light and moderate-to-vigorous intensity (MVPA)), with sleep duration and body composition (waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and muscle mass index) in women with fibromyalgia, and to determine whether these associations are independent of physical fitness. This cross-sectional study involved 385 women with fibromyalgia. ST and PA were assessed by triaxial accelerometry, sleep duration was self-reported. Waist circumference was measured using an anthropometric tape, and body weight, body fat percentage, and muscle mass were estimated using a bio-impedance analyzer. In individual regression models, ST and sleep were directly associated with waist circumference, BMI, and body fat percentage (β between 0.10 and 0.25; all p < 0.05). Light PA and MVPA were inversely associated with waist circumference, BMI, and body fat percentage (β between −0.23 and −0.12; all p < 0.05). In multiple linear regression models, ST (β between 0.17 and 0.23), light PA (β between −0.16 and −0.21), and sleep duration (β between 0.11 and 0.14) were independently associated with waist circumference, BMI, and body fat percentage (all p < 0.05). MVPA was associated with waist circumference independent of light physical activity (LPA) and sleep duration (β = −0.11; p < 0.05). Except for MVPA, these associations were independent of physical fitness. These results suggest that longer ST and sleep duration, and lower PA levels (especially light intensity PA), are independently associated with greater adiposity, but not muscle mass, in women with fibromyalgia. These associations are, overall, independent of physical fitness.

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