scholarly journals Cultural Moderation of Unconscious Hedonic Responses to Food

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Sato ◽  
Krystyna Rymarczyk ◽  
Kazusa Minemoto ◽  
Jakub Wojciechowski ◽  
Sylwia Hyniewska
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Preference Ratings ◽  
Food Images ◽  
Psychological Studies

Previous psychological studies have shown that images of food elicit hedonic responses, either consciously or unconsciously, and that participants’ cultural experiences moderate conscious hedonic ratings of food. However, whether cultural factors moderate unconscious hedonic responses to food remains unknown. We investigated this issue in Polish and Japanese participants using the subliminal affective priming paradigm. Images of international fast food and domestic Japanese food were presented subliminally as prime stimuli. Participants rated their preferences for the subsequently presented target ideographs. Participants also rated their preferences for supraliminally presented food images. In the subliminal rating task, Polish participants showed higher preference ratings for fast food primes than for Japanese food primes, whereas Japanese participants showed comparable preference ratings across these two conditions. In the supraliminal rating task, both Polish and Japanese participants reported comparable preferences for fast and Japanese food stimuli. These results suggest that cultural experiences moderate unconscious hedonic responses to food, which may not be detected based on explicit ratings.

scholarly journals Cultural differences in food detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Sato ◽  
Krystyna Rymarczyk ◽  
Kazusa Minemoto ◽  
Sylwia Hyniewska
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Food Detection ◽  
Cultural Experiences

Abstract The ability to detect food plays an indispensable role in our survival and wellbeing. Previous psychological studies have revealed that food is detected more rapidly than non-food items. However, whether the detection of food could be modulated by cultural factors remains unknown. We investigated this issue in the present study using a visual search paradigm with Polish and Japanese participants. Photographs of international fast food, domestic Japanese food, or kitchen tools were presented alongside images of non-food distractors (cars). Participants were asked to judge whether the stimuli were all identical or not. The reaction time data showed that participants from both cultures detected food more rapidly than kitchen tools. Japanese participants detected fast food more rapidly than Japanese food, whereas Polish participants did not display such differences between food types. These results suggest that rapid detection of food is universal, but is modulated by cultural experiences.

scholarly journals Exploring Affective Priming Effect of Emotion-Label Words and Emotion-Laden Words: An Event-Related Potential Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Chenggang Wu ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Zhen Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Word Type ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Emotion Word ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Emotion Label ◽  
Target Words

In order to explore the affective priming effect of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words, the current study used unmasked (Experiment 1) and masked (Experiment 2) priming paradigm by including emotion-label words (e.g., sadness, anger) and emotion-laden words (e.g., death, gift) as primes and examined how the two kinds of words acted upon the processing of the target words (all emotion-laden words). Participants were instructed to decide the valence of target words, and their electroencephalogram was recorded at the same time. The behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) results showed that positive words produced a priming effect whereas negative words inhibited target word processing (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, the inhibition effect of negative emotion-label words on emotion word recognition was found in both behavioral and ERP results, suggesting that modulation of emotion word type on emotion word processing could be observed even in the masked priming paradigm. The two experiments further supported the necessity of defining emotion words under an emotion word type perspective. The implications of the findings are proffered. Specifically, a clear understanding of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words can improve the effectiveness of emotional communications in clinical settings. Theoretically, the emotion word type perspective awaits further explorations and is still at its infancy.

scholarly journals The Effects of Timbre on Neural Responses to Musical Emotion

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-146
Author(s):  
Weixia Zhang ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Linshu Zhou ◽  
Wanqi Wang ◽  
Hanyuan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affective Priming ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Musical Emotion

Timbre is an important factor that affects the perception of emotion in music. To date, little is known about the effects of timbre on neural responses to musical emotion. To address this issue, we used ERPs to investigate whether there are different neural responses to musical emotion when the same melodies are presented in different timbres. With a cross-modal affective priming paradigm, target faces were primed by affectively congruent or incongruent melodies without lyrics presented in the violin, flute, and voice. Results showed a larger P3 and a larger left anterior distributed LPC in response to affectively incongruent versus congruent trials in the voice version. For the flute version, however, only the LPC effect was found, which was distributed over centro-parietal electrodes. Unlike the voice and flute versions, an N400 effect was observed in the violin version. These findings revealed different patterns of neural responses to musical emotion when the same melodies were presented in different timbres, and provide evidence for the hypothesis that there are specialized neural responses to the human voice.

Priming effects on the N400 in the affective priming paradigm with facial expressions of emotion

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Aguado ◽  
Teresa Dieguez-Risco ◽  
Constantino Méndez-Bértolo ◽  
Miguel A. Pozo ◽  
José A. Hinojosa
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion

Use of Affective Priming to Measure the Implicit Self-Reference Effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Blaszczak ◽  
Kamil Imbir
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Self Reference ◽  
Neutral Expression

A modified suboptimal affective priming paradigm was used to provide an implicit measure of the self-reference effect (Implicit Self-Reference effect, ISR). Hexagrams described to participants as “symbols of different human characteristics” served as judgment target stimuli. Participants (14 women, 12 men; age range = 21 to 25 years) were asked to judge the extent to which the characteristic symbolized by each hexagram was self-relevant to them. Twelve photographs of faces displaying either a neutral expression, disgust, or joy were used as suboptimal primes for each presentation and exposed for 17 msec. Results indicated that participants judged hexagrams affectively primed with faces showing disgust as having significantly lower reference to the self than hexagrams primed with joyful faces.

scholarly journals Valence, expression and identity effects in the affective priming paradigm

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanna Yeung ◽  
Alisdair Taylor ◽  
Cristina Rubino ◽  
Jason Barton
Keyword(s):  
Affective Priming ◽  
Priming Paradigm

scholarly journals Color’s Indispensable Role in the Rapid Detection of Food

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Sato
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Color Images ◽  
Psychological Experiment ◽  
Psychological Studies

The detection of food is crucial for our survival and health. Earlier experimental psychological studies have demonstrated that participants detect food more rapidly than non-food stimuli. However, it remains unknown whether color, which was shown to have various influences on food processing, can modulate the detection of food. To address this issue, a psychological experiment was conducted using a visual search paradigm in which photographs of food (fast food and Japanese food) and kitchen utensils were presented alongside images of non-food distractors (cars), with both color and gray images used. Participants used a key to indicate whether one item was different from the rest, and their reaction times (RTs) were measured. RTs for the detection of both food types were shorter than for the kitchen utensils when color images were used, but not when gray images were used; moreover, the RTs were slower for gray images than for color images for both food types but not for kitchen utensils. These results indicate that color facilitates rapid detection of food in the environment.

scholarly journals The affective priming paradigm as an indirect measure of food attitudes and related choice behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1397-1415
Author(s):  
Loukia Tzavella ◽  
Leah Maizey ◽  
Andrew D. Lawrence ◽  
Christopher D. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Affective Priming ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Choice Behaviour ◽  
Manipulation Check ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Food Attitudes ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn this Registered Report, we assessed the utility of the affective priming paradigm (APP) as an indirect measure of food attitudes and related choice behaviour in two separate cohorts. Participants undertook a speeded evaluative categorization task in which target words were preceded by food primes that differed in terms of affective congruence with the target, explicit liking (most liked or least liked), and healthiness (healthy or unhealthy). Non-food priming effects were tested as a manipulation check, and the relationship between food priming effects and impulsive choice behaviour was also investigated using a binary food choice task. As predicted, priming effects were observed for both healthy and unhealthy foods, but there was no difference in the magnitude of these effects. This may suggest that the paradigm is most sensitive to affective, but not cognitive, components of attitudes (i.e., healthiness), but alternative theoretical explanations and implications of this finding are discussed. Food and non-food priming effects were observed in both reaction time (RT) and error rate (ER) data, but contrary to expectations, we found no association between food RT priming effects and choice behaviour. All findings from confirmatory analyses regarding RT and ER priming effects, and the absence of the expected correlations between priming effects and impulsive food choices, were successfully replicated in the online cohort of participants. Overall, this study confirms the robustness of the APP as an indirect measure of food liking and raises questions about its applied value for research of eating behaviours.

Directionality of Affective Priming: Effects of Trait Anxiety and Activation Level

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus A. Maier ◽  
Michael P. Berner ◽  
Reinhard Pekrun
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Spreading Activation ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Activation Level ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Multiple Priming

Abstract. Among the most influential models of automatic affective processing is the spreading activation account ( Fazio, Sanbonmatsu, Powell, & Kardes, 1986 ). However, investigations of this model by different research groups using the pronunciation task in an affective priming paradigm yielded contradictory results. Whereas one research group reported congruency effects, another obtained reversed priming effects (contrast effects), and still another found null effects. In Experiment 1, we were able to show an influence of trait anxiety on the direction of the affective priming effect. By using a multiple priming paradigm in Experiment 2, we were able to link the occurrence of reversed priming effects to increased levels of activation of affective representations. We propose that this relation might underlie the influence of trait anxiety on the direction of affective priming effects. Both experiments indicate that automatic evaluation in an affective network is substantially moderated by personality traits and activation level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document