scholarly journals Changes in Food Cravings and Eating Behavior after a Dietary Carbohydrate Restriction Intervention Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherene O.-B. Anguah ◽  
Majid M. Syed-Abdul ◽  
Qiong Hu ◽  
Miriam Jacome-Sosa ◽  
Colette Heimowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sweet Cravings ◽  
Fat Diets

Compared to low-fat diets, low-carbohydrate (CHO) diets cause weight loss (WL) over a faster time frame; however, it is unknown how changes in food cravings and eating behavior contribute to this more rapid WL in the early phases of dieting. We hypothesized that reductions in food cravings and improved eating behaviors would be evident even after a relatively short (4-week) duration of CHO-restriction, and that these changes would be associated with WL. Adult participants (n = 19, 53% males, mean ± SD: BMI = 34.1 ± 0.8 kg/m2; age 40.6 ± 1.9 years) consumed a CHO-restricted diet (14% CHO, 58% fat, 28% protein) for 4 weeks. Before and after the intervention, specific and total cravings were measured with the Food Craving Inventory (FCI) and eating behaviors assessed with the Three-Factor Eating questionnaire. Food cravings were significantly reduced at week 4, while women had significantly greater reductions in sweet cravings than men. Dietary restraint was significantly increased by 102%, while disinhibiton and hunger scores were reduced (17% and 22%, respectively, p < 0.05). Changes in cravings were unrelated to changes in body weight except for the change in high-fat cravings where those who lost the most weight experienced the least reductions in fat cravings (r = −0.458, p = 0.049). Changes in dietary restraint were inversely related to several FCI subscales. A short-term, low-CHO diet was effective in reducing food cravings. These data suggest that in subjects that have successfully lost weight on a low-CHO diet, those who craved high-fat foods at the onset were able to satisfy their cravings—potentially due to the high-fat nature of this restricted diet.

scholarly journals Studying Children’s Eating at Home: Using Synchronous Videoconference Sessions to Adapt to COVID-19 and Beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruthi Venkatesh ◽  
Jasmine M. DeJesus
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Picture Quality ◽  
Observational Coding ◽  
Behavioral Coding ◽  
Video Chat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
At Home

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many facets of developmental research, including research that measures children’s eating behavior. Here, children’s food intake is often measured by weighing foods that children are offered before and after in-person testing sessions. Many studies also examine children’s food ratings (the extent to which they like or dislike a food), assessed via picture categorization tasks or hedonic scales. This paper reviews existing research on different methods for characterizing children’s eating behavior (with a focus on food intake, preferences, and concepts) and presents a feasibility study that examined whether children’s eating behaviors at home (including their food intake and ratings) can be measured via live video-chat sessions. The feasibility analyses revealed that an observational feeding paradigm at home yielded a majority (more than 70%) of video-chat recordings that had a sufficient view of the child and adequate sound and picture quality required for observational coding for the majority of the session’s duration. Such positioning would enable behavioral coding of child food intake, parent food talk, and meal characteristics. Moreover, children were able to answer questions to stories and express their preferences via researcher screen-share methods (which can assess children’s self-reported food preferences and beliefs) with low rates of exclusion across studies. The article ends with a discussion on the opportunities and challenges of using online platforms to conduct studies on children’s eating behaviors in their home environments during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

Studying the relationship between tobacco use and eating behavior among Egyptian university students

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Ibrahim Elesawy ◽  
Mahmoud Mamdouh ElHabiby ◽  
Nesreen Mohamed Mohsen ◽  
Tawfik Mohamed Samy
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In addition to the independent risks related to cigarettes, smoking is highly associated with obesity-related behaviors including unhealthy diet. Despite the public health significance, little is known about mechanisms underlying with the paired relationship of smoking and unhealthy dietary behaviors. Aim of the Work This study aimed to Detect the relationship among smoking status and total and specific types of food cravings (i.e., high-fats, sweets, fast-food fats, and complex carbohydrates/starches), the influence of demographic, clinical, and psychological factors on this relationship and estimate the frequency of nicotine dependence among a sample of 420 egyptian students from 4 theoritical and 4 practical faculties in Ain Shams University Patients and Methods This is an observational Cross sectional study study conducted in 8 different faculties in Ain Shams University. The present study aimed at analyzing the demographic data of 420 egyptian university students, during the academic year 2018-2019.The severity of nicotine dependence among those students was assessed using Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), eating behavior was assessed using Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Socio-Economic Status (SES) Scale for assessing socio-economic level and Eating Disorder Examination Scale for assessing eating disorders. Results Compared to never smokers, current smokers reported more frequent cravings for high-fat foods and fast-food fats, after controlling for BMI and demographic factors. Current smokers also reported consuming more high-fat foods and fast-food fats. Nicotine dependence was positively correlated with the frequency of general food cravings and cravings for high fats, sweets, and carbohydrates/starches. Conclusion Cigarette smokers, and especially those with higher nicotine dependence, may have greater difficulties in addressing food craving and changing eating habits

scholarly journals Maternal Eating Behavior in Low-Income Mothers Influences Attitudes Toward Infant Feeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 767-767
Author(s):  
Maryam Kebbe ◽  
Abby Altazan ◽  
Robbie Beyl ◽  
Anne Gilmore ◽  
Leanne Redman
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Feeding Styles

Abstract Objectives Eating behavior is established early in life, influences infant development and health, and is likely to originate with the mother. We examined if maternal eating behaviors influenced attitudes towards infant feeding styles and whether these associations differed by infant feeding mode (breastfeeding and formula-feeding). Methods This was an observational study in 35 low-income mother-infant dyads. Postpartum women (≥18 years old, 25 ≤ BMI &lt; 40 kg/m2) in the Louisiana Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program completed the Eating Inventory and Infant Feeding Styles Questionnaire to assess maternal eating behavior (dietary restraint, disinhibition, and perceived hunger) and infant feeding styles (restrictive feeding, responsive feeding, and pressuring/overfeeding), respectively, 8 weeks after delivery. Linear models with fixed effects were computed with maternal age, BMI, and maternal eating behavior as covariates using SPSS (p &lt; 0.05 to indicate significance). Results Thirty-four % of the mothers were breastfeeding (n = 12) and 66.0% were formula-feeding (n = 23). Infant feeding styles were not predicted by maternal eating behaviors (all p &gt; 0.05). In mothers who breastfed, maternal dietary restraint was positively associated with infant pressuring/overfeeding (β = 0.91, p &lt; 0.05) and was different from those in the formula fed group (Δ = 1.37, p = 0.02). In addition, maternal disinhibition was negatively associated with restrictive infant feeding (β = −0.53, p &lt; 0.05) and was different from those in the formula fed group (Δ = −0.95, p = 0.003). Comparatively, in mothers who formula-fed, restrictive infant feeding was predicted by maternal disinhibition (β = 0.42, p &lt; 0.01; Δ = −0.95, p = 0.003) and maternal perceived hunger (β = 0.43, p &lt; 0.01; Δ = 0.71, p = 0.007). Conclusions Maternal eating behavior is associated with infant feeding styles only when feeding mode is considered. Interventions educating mothers on how their own eating behaviors have the potential to influence eating behaviors of their children are needed. Funding Sources USDA Small Grants Program and the NIH (T32DK064584, and U54 GM104940).

scholarly journals Neural indicators of food cue reactivity, regulation, and valuation and their associations with body composition and daily eating behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Cosme ◽  
Richard B. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Daily Food

Exposure to food cues activates the brain’s reward system and undermines efforts to regulate impulses to eat. During explicit regulation, lateral prefrontal cortex activates and modulates activity in reward regions and decreases food cravings. However, it is unclear the extent to which between-person differences in recruitment of regions associated with reward processing, subjective valuation, and regulation during food cue exposure—absent instructions to regulate—predict body composition and daily eating behaviors. In this preregistered study, we pooled data from five fMRI samples (N = 262) to examine whether regions associated with reward, valuation, and regulation, as well as whole-brain pattern expression indexing these processes, were recruited during food cue exposure and associated with body composition and real-world eating behavior. Regression models for a single a priori analytic path indicated that univariate and multivariate measures of reward and valuation were associated with individual differences in BMI and enactment of daily food cravings. Specification curve analyses further revealed reliable associations between univariate and multivariate neural indicators of reactivity, regulation, and valuation, and all outcomes. These findings highlight the utility of these methods to elucidate brain-behavior associations and suggest that multiple processes are implicated in proximal and distal markers of eating behavior.

Non-Fasting Factor VII Coagulant Activity (FVII:C) Increased by High-Fat Diet

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Bladbjerg ◽  
P Marckmann ◽  
B Sandström ◽  
J Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Amidolytic Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

SummaryPreliminary observations have suggested that non-fasting factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C) may be related to the dietary fat content. To confirm this, we performed a randomised cross-over study. Seventeen young volunteers were served 2 controlled isoenergetic diets differing in fat content (20% or 50% of energy). The 2 diets were served on 2 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at 8.00 h, 16.30 h and 19.30 h, and analysed for triglycerides, FVII coagulant activity using human (FVII:C) or bovine thromboplastin (FVII:Bt), and FVII amidolytic activity (FVIPAm). The ratio FVII:Bt/FVII:Am (a measure of FVII activation) increased from fasting levels on both diets, but most markedly on the high-fat diet. In contrast, FVII: Am (a measure of FVII protein) tended to decrease from fasting levels on both diets. FVII:C rose from fasting levels on the high-fat diet, but not on the low-fat diet. The findings suggest that high-fat diets increase non-fasting FVII:C, and consequently may be associated with increased risk of thrombosis.

Trajectories of eating behavior during COVID-19 lockdown: Longitudinal analyses of 22,374 adults in the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Herle ◽  
Andrea Smith ◽  
Feifei Bu ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
The Uk

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of stay-at-home and lockdown measures. It is currently unknown if the experience of lockdown leads to long term changes in individual’s eating behaviors.Objective: The objectives of this study were: i) to derive longitudinal trajectories of change in eating during UK lockdown, and ii) to identify risk factors associated with eating behavior trajectories. Design: Data from 22,374 UK adults from the UCL COVID-19 Social study (a panel study collecting weekly data during the pandemic) were analyzed from 28th March to 29th May 2020. Latent Class Growth Analysis was used to derive trajectories of change in eating. These were then associated with prior socio-economic, heath-related and psychological factors using multinomial regression models. Results: Analyses suggested five trajectories, with the majority (64%) showing no change in eating. In contrast, one trajectory was marked by persistently eating more, whereas another by persistently eating less. Overall, participants with greater depressive symptoms were more likely to report any change in eating. Loneliness was linked to persistently eating more (OR= 1.07), whereas being single or divorced, as well as stressful life events, were associated with consistently eating less (OR= 1.69). Overall, higher education status was linked to lower odds of changing eating behavior (OR= 0.54-0.77). Secondary exploratory analyses suggest that participants self-reported to have overweight were most common amongst the consistently overeaters, whereas underweight participants persistently ate less. Conclusion: In this study, we found that one third of the sample report changes in quantities eaten throughout the first UK lockdown period. Findings highlight the importance of adjusting public health programs to support eating behaviors in future lockdowns both in this and potential future pandemics. This is particularly important as part of on-going preventive efforts to prevent nutrition-related chronic diseases.

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