scholarly journals Modeling Possible Outcomes of Updated Daily Values on Nutrient Intakes of the United States Adult Population

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Jill Newman ◽  
Michael McBurney ◽  
Kelly Hunt ◽  
Angela Malek ◽  
Bernadette Marriott
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fortified Foods ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Us ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Packaged Foods ◽  
Potential Impact

The United States (US) Food and Drug Administration has updated the Daily Values (DVs) for the Nutrition Facts Label on packaged foods. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2012 data with the International Life Sciences Institute, North America Fortification Database, which identifies intrinsic, mandatory enriched, and fortified sources of nutrients in foods and beverages, to model the new DVs’ potential impact on adult (≥19 years of age) intake. We assumed that manufacturers will adjust voluntary fortification to maintain percent DV claims. We assessed the percent of the US population whose usual intake (UI) was < the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), and ≥ the Upper Limit (UL) based on the current DVs, and modeled estimated UI and %<EAR with the new DVs (Updated DV) for 12 micronutrients. Modeling for vitamins B12, A, B6, riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, and zinc predicts fewer voluntarily fortified foods and reduced adult UI. Assuming manufacturers add more vitamins C and D and calcium to foods, the Updated DV predicts the adult UI will increase for these nutrients. Our modeling predicts a 15% reduction in overall adult vitamin A intake, a recognized “shortfall nutrient” and that even with the increased DV for vitamin D, 70% of US adults are predicted to have an intake <EAR.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypotension in populations of the Russian Federation and the United States of America according to 30-year follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2497
Author(s):  
V. G. Vilkov ◽  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
Yu. A. Balanova ◽  
S. E. Evstifeeva ◽  
A. E. Imaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Aim. To study the prevalence of hypotension according to several criteria in the Russia and the USA.Material and methods. We used data of Russian population studies performed in 1975-1982 and ESSE-RF study performed in 2012-2014 at the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. A comparison was made with the data of cross-sectional stu - dies of the US population — National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): NHANES II (1976-1980) and Continuous NHANES (2007-2012). We analyzed age, sex, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The prevalence of individuals with hypotension was calculated in men and women of five age groups using four different criteria for hypertension.Results. The prevalence of hypotension in studies of different years according to different criteria was as follows: in the Russia — 0,3-9,0% in men and 2-15% in women; in the USA — 5-30% in men and 8-45% in women. In age group >30 years, the prevalence of hypotension in Russia, by most criteria, decreased approximately by 50% in men and did not change in women. In the United States, according to all criteria, the prevalence in men and women has increased 2-3 times.Conclusion. The prevalence of hypotension in the adult population ranges from decimal percentages to 45% and varies many times depending on the selected criterion.

scholarly journals Modeling Nutrient Intakes for Current and Revised Daily Values of Children and Teens (4–18 Years) in the United States Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1462-1462
Author(s):  
Jill Newman ◽  
Michael McBurney ◽  
Kelly Hunt ◽  
Angela Malek ◽  
Bernadette Marriott
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Packaged Foods

Abstract Objectives In 2016, the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration updated the Daily Values (DVs) on the Nutrition Facts Label for packaged foods and beverages. Implementation of these changes is required by manufacturers in 2020–2021. This study modeled the possible impact of these changes on nutrient intake of children and teens from intrinsic and fortified food sources. Methods We used data from the 2009–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with the International Life Sciences Institute, North America Fortification Database, which identifies intrinsic, enriched, and fortified sources of nutrients in foods and beverages. In our sample of 5155 children and teens aged 4–18 yrs, we determined the usual intake (UI), % UI &lt; the Estimated Average Requirement (% &lt;EAR), and % ≥the Tolerable Upper Limit (% ≥ UL) based on the current DVs. We modeled estimated UI, % &lt;EAR and % ≥ UL using the updated DVs for 10 micronutrients with the assumption that fortified food products will be reformatted to maintain current % DV claims. UI was based on two 24-hr recalls. Results Comparison of models of the current versus updated DVs overall, demonstrated increases in the UI for vitamins C, D and calcium; a decrease for vitamins A and B12; slight decreases for niacin, zinc and vitamin B6; and little change for thiamin and riboflavin. Conversely, the % &lt;EAR increased for vitamins A, B6, B12 and zinc; slightly increased for thiamin, riboflavin and niacin; and decreased for calcium, vitamins C and D. The % ≥ UL decreased for zinc (20%), niacin (38%) and vitamin A (65%) and remained unchanged for other nutrients studied. Modeling of the % &lt;EAR indicated that teens 14–18 yrs could be severely deficient in vitamins A, C and D. The updated DV helped mitigate this deficiency for vitamins C and D, but worsened it for vitamin A. Younger children (4–8 yrs) had the greatest impact in UI from the revised DV for vitamin C. Conclusions In 4–18 yr olds, our modeling predicts reductions in overall vitamin A intake, a recognized “shortfall nutrient”, with an especially large increase in % &lt;EAR for teens 14–18 yrs. Teens at greatest risk are those currently dependent upon vitamin A fortified foods. Funding Sources This work was supported by the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) North America Fortification Committee. ILSI North America is a public, nonprofit science foundation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Pediatric and Adult Populations: Recent Estimates From Large National Databases in the United States, 2007–2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhou Ye ◽  
Sudhakar Manne ◽  
William R Treem ◽  
Dimitri Bennett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
The Us ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
National Databases

Abstract Background The latest estimate of the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the United States was based on 2009 data, which indicates a need for an up-to-date re-estimation. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of all forms of IBD including ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD), and IBD unspecified (IBDU). Methods Pediatric (age 2–17) and adult (age ≥18) IBD patients were identified from 2 large claims databases. For each year between 2007 and 2016, prevalence was calculated per 100,000 population and standardized based on the 2016 national Census. A fixed-effects meta-analytical model was used for overall prevalence. Results The pediatric prevalence of IBD overall increased by 133%, from 33.0/100,000 in 2007 to 77.0/100,000 in 2016. Among children, CD was twice as prevalent as UC (45.9 vs 21.6). Prevalence was higher in boys than girls for all forms of IBD, in contrast to the adult population where the prevalence was higher in women than men. We also found that the 10–17 age subgroup was the major contributor to the rising pediatric IBD prevalence. For adults, the prevalence of IBD overall increased by 123%, from 214.9 in 2007 to 478.4 in 2016. The prevalence rates of UC and CD were similar (181.1 vs 197.7) in 2016. Conclusions Inflammatory bowel disease continues to affect a substantial proportion of the US population. In 2016, 1 in 209 adults and 1 in 1299 children aged 2–17 were affected by IBD. Prevalence of IBD has been increasing compared with previously published 2009 data.

scholarly journals The prevalence of MS in the United States

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. e1029-e1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell T. Wallin ◽  
William J. Culpepper ◽  
Jonathan D. Campbell ◽  
Lorene M. Nelson ◽  
Annette Langer-Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Group A ◽  
Us Census

ObjectiveTo generate a national multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence estimate for the United States by applying a validated algorithm to multiple administrative health claims (AHC) datasets.MethodsA validated algorithm was applied to private, military, and public AHC datasets to identify adult cases of MS between 2008 and 2010. In each dataset, we determined the 3-year cumulative prevalence overall and stratified by age, sex, and census region. We applied insurance-specific and stratum-specific estimates to the 2010 US Census data and pooled the findings to calculate the 2010 prevalence of MS in the United States cumulated over 3 years. We also estimated the 2010 prevalence cumulated over 10 years using 2 models and extrapolated our estimate to 2017.ResultsThe estimated 2010 prevalence of MS in the US adult population cumulated over 10 years was 309.2 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 308.1–310.1), representing 727,344 cases. During the same time period, the MS prevalence was 450.1 per 100,000 (95% CI 448.1–451.6) for women and 159.7 (95% CI 158.7–160.6) for men (female:male ratio 2.8). The estimated 2010 prevalence of MS was highest in the 55- to 64-year age group. A US north-south decreasing prevalence gradient was identified. The estimated MS prevalence is also presented for 2017.ConclusionThe estimated US national MS prevalence for 2010 is the highest reported to date and provides evidence that the north-south gradient persists. Our rigorous algorithm-based approach to estimating prevalence is efficient and has the potential to be used for other chronic neurologic conditions.

scholarly journals Dietary Sodium Intake and Sodium Density in the United States: Estimates From NHANES 2005–2006 and 2015–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 825-830
Author(s):  
Jiun-Ruey Hu ◽  
Shivani Sahni ◽  
Kenneth J Mukamal ◽  
Courtney L Millar ◽  
Yingfei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Hispanic Adults ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Sodium

Abstract BACKGROUND In the United States, current guidelines recommend a total sodium intake &lt;2,300 mg/day, a guideline which does not consider kilocalorie intake. However, kilocalorie intake varies substantially by age and sex. We hypothesized that compared with sodium density, total sodium intake overestimates adherence to sodium recommendations, especially in adults consuming fewer kilocalories. METHODS In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we estimated the prevalence of adherence to sodium intake recommendations (&lt;2,300 mg/day) and corresponding sodium density intake (&lt;1.1 mg/kcal = 2,300 mg at 2,100 kcal) by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and kilocalorie level. Adherence estimates were compared between the 2005–2006 (n = 5,060) and 2015–2016 (n = 5,266) survey periods. RESULTS In 2005–2006, 23.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.5, 24.9) of the US population consumed &lt;2,300 mg of sodium/day, but only 8.5% (CI: 7.6, 9.4) consumed &lt;1.1 mg/kcal in sodium density. In 2015–2016, these figures were 20.9% (CI: 18.8, 23.2) and 5.1% (CI: 4.4, 6.0), respectively. In 2015–2016, compared with 2005–2006, adherence by sodium density decreased more substantially (odds ratio = 0.59; CI: 0.48, 0.72; P &lt; 0.001) than adherence by total sodium consumption (odds ratio = 0.85; CI: 0.73, 0.98; P = 0.03). The difference in adherence between total sodium and sodium density goals was greater among those with lower kilocalorie intake, namely, older adults, women, and Hispanic adults. CONCLUSIONS Adherence estimated by sodium density is substantially less than adherence estimated by total sodium intake, especially among persons with lower kilocalorie intake. Further efforts to achieve population-wide reduction in sodium density intake are urgently needed.

Masters Swimmers Use More Dietary Supplements Than a Large National Comparison Population in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally K. Guthrie ◽  
Steven R. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
National Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
National Comparison

The use of dietary supplements was compared between a cohort of committed exercisers, U.S. Masters Swimming (USMS) members (n = 1,042), and the general U.S. population, exemplified by respondents to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2010 (n = 6,209). USMS swimmers were significantly more likely to take dietary supplements (62%) than the general U.S. adult population, as represented by the NHANES population (37%). Those taking dietary supplements were older, more likely to be female and Caucasian, and more highly educated and affluent than those not taking supplements (p < .001 for all). When adjusted for age, race, gender, annual income, and education, masters swimmers were still more likely (p < .001) to use dietary supplements than the NHANES cohort. In addition, masters swimmers were significantly more likely (p < .001) to use either creatine or dehydroepiandrosterone or testosterone than those in the NHANES cohort.

Has Routine Screening of Infants for Anemia Become Obsolete in the United States?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-441
Author(s):  
PETER R. DALLMAN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Us ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Iron deficiency anemia was common and often severe as recently as 15 years ago in the United States.1 During that period, it had become a well-established routine to evaluate all term infants for anemia at about 1 year of age2; screening at the preschool checkup and in adolescence also became widespread. Declining Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia During the past decade, iron deficiency anemia has become less and less common.1,3 The first strong evidence of a relatively low nationwide prevalence of anemia was provided by the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) conducted between 1976 and 1980.4 In that large, representative sampling of the US population, only about 6% of adolescent girls between 15 and 17 years of age were anemic.4

Re-examination of dairy as a single commodity in US dietary guidance

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth T Jacobs ◽  
Janet A Foote ◽  
Lindsay N Kohler ◽  
Meghan B Skiba ◽  
Cynthia A Thomson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Group ◽  
School Breakfast Program ◽  
The Us ◽  
Lunch Program ◽  
Single Commodity

Abstract Dairy products have been a key component of dietary guidance in the United States for more than 100 years. In light of major advances in the understanding of dietary intake and metabolism, the aim of this review was to examine whether dairy should remain a single commodity in federal guidance. Considerations include recognizing that a substantial proportion of the world’s adult population (65%–70%) exhibits lactase nonpersistence, a reduced ability to metabolize lactose to glucose and galactose. Shifts in the US population, including a greater proportion of African Americans and Asians, are of key importance because several studies have shown a markedly higher prevalence of lactase nonpersistence and, consequently, a lower dairy intake among these groups. While cow’s milk alternatives are available, families who use them will pay up to an additional $1400 per year compared with those who are able to consume dairy products. Dietary guidance also contains downstream effects for government assistance, such as the US Department of Agriculture’s National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program. For reasons like these, Canada has recently removed dairy as a separate food group in national dietary guidance. The results of the present review suggest that consideration of this modification when developing population-level guidelines in the United States is warranted.

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