Effects of Exercise Combined with a Healthy Diet or Calanus finmarchicus Oil Supplementation on Body Composition and Metabolic Markers—A Pilot Study

Aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in muscle mass and an increase in fat mass, which are detrimental changes associated with the development of health conditions such as type-2 diabetes mellitus or chronic low-grade inflammation. Although both exercise as well as nutritional interventions are known to be beneficial in counteracting those age-related changes, data to which extent untrained elderly people may benefit is still sparse. Therefore, a randomized, controlled, 12-week interventional trial was conducted in which 134 healthy untrained participants (96 women and 38 men, age 59.4 ± 5.6 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.4 ± 5.8 kg/m2) were allocated to one of four study groups: (1) control group with no intervention (CON); (2) 2×/week aerobic and resistance training only (EX); (3) exercise routine combined with dietary counseling in accordance with the guidelines of the German Nutrition Society (EXDC); (4) exercise routine combined with intake of 2 g/day oil from Calanus finmarchicus (EXCO). Body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), as well as markers of glucose metabolism and blood lipids, were analyzed at the beginning and the end of the study. The highest decreases in body fat were observed within the EXCO group (−1.70 ± 2.45 kg, p < 0.001), and the EXDC (−1.41 ± 2.13 kg, p = 0.008) group. Markers of glucose metabolism and blood lipids remained unchanged in all groups. Taken together results of this pilot study suggest that a combination of moderate exercise and intake of oil from Calanus finmarchicus or a healthy diet may promote fat loss in elderly untrained overweight participants.

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667 Effects of Sleep-Extend on glucose metabolism in women with a history of gestational diabetes: A pilot study

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.665 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A261-A261

Author(s):

Sirimon Reutrakul ◽

Pamela Martyn-Nemeth ◽

Laurie Quinn ◽

Kirstie Danielson ◽

Brett Rydzon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Living ◽

Short Sleep ◽

History Of ◽

Sleep Extension

Abstract Introduction Experimental and epidemiological data have linked insufficient sleep to increased diabetes risk. Women with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM) have a 7-fold greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This pilot study explored the feasibility of a sleep extension intervention in women with a history of GDM and short sleep, and the effects on glucose metabolism. Methods Women age 18–45 years with a history of GDM (at least 1 year postpartum) and actigraphy confirmed short sleep duration (<7h/night) on weekdays were randomized at a ratio of 1 control (healthy living information) to 2 cases (6 weeks of “Sleep Extend” intervention: use of a Fitbit, weekly digital content, interactive tools, and coach delivered feedback in order to increase sleep duration). An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), 7-day actigraphy recording and questionnaires were obtained at baseline and 6 weeks (at the end of the intervention). Results Twelve women (mean (SD) age 40.3 (4.5) years) participated (n=8 Sleep Extend, n=4 control). Compared to baseline, nightly sleep duration increased in Sleep Extend group (+30.6 (48.8) minutes) but decreased in the control group (-6.8 (22.9) minutes). Both fasting and 2-h glucose levels from OGTT increased in both groups but were greater in the control group (Sleep extend vs. healthy living: fasting glucose +2.1 (9.8) vs. +12.8 (7.3) mg/dL; 2-h glucose +8.2 (21.9) vs. +20.0 (19.4) mg/dL). Self-reported sleep quality improved in both groups. When compared controls, Sleep Extend participants reported improved fatigue symptoms (Promis fatigue score change -5.1 (9.3) vs. 7.0 (1.0), p=0.008), and self-reported physical activity tended to increase (+1614 (3659) vs. -2900 (3922) MET-minutes/week). Combining all participants, an increase in sleep duration correlated with a decrease in fatigue (r= -.62, p=0.04) and anxiety symptoms (r= -.69, p=0.02). Conclusion Sleep extension through coaching and use of remote monitoring is feasible in women with a history of GDM. It appears to decrease fatigue and may improve glucose metabolism and physical activity. Support (if any) NIDDK P30 DK092949

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Evaluation of Effect of Ninjin'yoeito on Regional Brain Glucose Metabolism by 18F-FDG Autoradiography With Insulin Loading in Aged Mice

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.657663 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jingmin Zhao ◽

Ryota Imai ◽

Naoyuki Ukon ◽

Saki Shimoyama ◽

Chengbo Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Cognitive Outcome ◽

Brain Diseases ◽

Control Group ◽

Brain Glucose ◽

Brain Glucose Metabolism ◽

Aged Mice ◽

Regional Brain ◽

Age Related

Introduction: A recent clinical study revealed that Ninjin'yoeito (NYT) may potentially improve cognitive outcome. However, the mechanism by which NYT exerts its effect on elderly patients remains unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Ninjin'yoeito on regional brain glucose metabolism by 18F-FDG autoradiography with insulin loading in aged wild-type mice.Materials and Methods: After 12 weeks of feeding NYT, mice were assigned to the control and insulin-loaded groups and received an intraperitoneal injection of human insulin (2 U/kg body weight) 30 min prior to 18F-FDG injection. Ninety minutes after the injection, brain autoradiography was performed.Results: After insulin loading, the 18F-FDG accumulation showed negative changes in the cortex, striatum, thalamus, and hippocampus in the control group, whereas positive changes were observed in the NYT-treated group.Conclusions: Ninjin'yoeito may potentially reduce insulin resistance in the brain regions in aged mice, thereby preventing age-related brain diseases.

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Endothelial Function in Patients with Severe and Moderate Haemophilia A and B

Hämostaseologie ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1673415 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (02) ◽

pp. 195-202

Author(s):

Stephanie Böhmert ◽

Ralf Schubert ◽

Stephan Fichtlscherer ◽

Sonja Alesci ◽

Wolfgang Miesbach

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Function ◽

Adhesion Molecule ◽

Reactive Hyperemia ◽

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Grade ◽

Haemophilia A ◽

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽

Age Related ◽

Artery Disease

AbstractThe life expectancy of patients with haemophilia has increased and therefore the interest in age-related comorbidities has grown. The aim of this study was to determine whether haemophilia patients have a different endothelial function compared with the general population. A total of 26 patients with severe or moderate haemophilia A or B, 14 controls and 36 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were included in this study. Five markers of endothelial dysfunction (MOEDs) were determined. Moreover, the endothelial function was examined using the Itamar Endo-PAT, and the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) was calculated from the results. The MOEDs soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (p = 0.0095) and interleukin-6 (p = 0.010) were significantly higher for patients with haemophilia compared with the control group. The presence of increased adhesion molecule levels and low-grade inflammation is suggestive of a decreased endothelial function. RHI is impaired in CAD patients (1.862), whereas haemophilia patients have an RHI of 1.958 in comparison with 2.112 in controls (p = 0.127). Therefore, laboratory and functional measurements imply a possible higher risk for CAD in haemophilia patients.

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Anxiety disorders and age-related changes in physiology

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.2021.189 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Julian Mutz ◽

Thole H. Hoppen ◽

Chiara Fabbri ◽

Cathryn M. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Composition ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Physiological Measures ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Age Related

Background Anxiety disorders are leading contributors to the global disease burden, highly prevalent across the lifespan and associated with substantially increased morbidity and early mortality. Aims The aim of this study was to examine age-related changes across a wide range of physiological measures in middle-aged and older adults with a lifetime history of anxiety disorders compared with healthy controls. Method The UK Biobank study recruited >500 000 adults, aged 37–73, between 2006 and 2010. We used generalised additive models to estimate non-linear associations between age and hand-grip strength, cardiovascular function, body composition, lung function and heel bone mineral density in a case group and in a control group. Results The main data-set included 332 078 adults (mean age 56.37 years; 52.65% women). In both genders, individuals with anxiety disorders had a lower hand-grip strength and lower blood pressure, whereas their pulse rate and body composition measures were higher than in the healthy control group. Case–control group differences were larger when considering individuals with chronic and/or severe anxiety disorders, and differences in body composition were modulated by depression comorbidity status. Differences in age-related physiological changes between females in the anxiety disorder case group and healthy controls were most evident for blood pressure, pulse rate and body composition, whereas this was the case in males for hand-grip strength, blood pressure and body composition. Most differences in physiological measures between the case and control groups decreased with increasing age. Conclusions Findings in individuals with a lifetime history of anxiety disorders differed from a healthy control group across multiple physiological measures, with some evidence of case–control group differences by age. The differences observed varied by chronicity/severity and depression comorbidity.

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Ageing and production of the cytokines in Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10046-009-0028-3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 87-92

Author(s):

Nataļja Kurjāne ◽

Rūta Brūvere ◽

Natālija Gabruševa ◽

Elvīra Hagina ◽

Tija Zvagule ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Age Groups ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Grade ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Age Related ◽

Good Ability ◽

Tnf Α

Ageing and production of the cytokines in Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia Chronic low-grade inflammation with subsequent impairment of immune system function promotes the development of age-related diseases, such as cancers, degenerative and infection diseases. It is not yet clear, if exposure to ionising radiation accelerates the aging process. The aim of the present work was to estimate the production of several cytokines by peripheral blood cells of Latvia's Chernobyl clean-up workers depending on age. ELISA was employed to determine the plasma level of sIL-1β and sIL-6 as well as level of IL-4 and TNF-α spontaneous and 24h and 96h after in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) mitogens were determined in 40 Chernobyl clean-up workers 17 years after their work in Chernobyl and in 42 blood-donors without a history of occupational radiation exposure. The ability of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) to produce interferons (IFNs) was determined in 73 Chernobyl clean-up workers 15 years after the work in Chernobyl and in age-matched 63 blood-donors. IFNs were tested in whole blood cultures by standard virus cytopathic inhibition micromethod after their in vitro induction by Newcastle disease virus, phytohemagglutinin or double-stranded RNA. Individuals were divided into three age groups: age < 40, age 40-49 and age > 50. The ability of PBL to produce IFN was significantly decreased in all Chernobyl clean-up worker age groups in comparison with blood-donors (control groups). The incidence of good ability to produce IFN gradually decreased with age in the control group, but increased with age in aged-matched Chernobyl clean-up workers groups. The production TNF-α and IL-4 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as sIL-1β level in plasma showed no significant differences between all the examined age groups. The sIL-6 level was gradually increased with age in Chernobyl clean-up workers. Our results showed that the concentration of pro-inflammation cytokine sIL-6 in peripheral blood plasma, as well as the ability of PBL to produce IFNs, in Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia is age dependent.

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Effect of Aerobic Training and Resistance Training on Circulating Irisin Level and Their Association With Change of Body Composition in Overweight/Obese Adults: a Pilot Study

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.932997 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 271-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

H.-J. KIM ◽

H.-J. LEE ◽

B. SO ◽

J. S. SON ◽

D. YOON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Training Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Before And After

The novel myokine irisin has been reported as a therapeutic target for metabolic disease. The objective of this study is to reveal the effects of aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT) on circulating irisin levels and their associations with change of body composition in overweight/obese adults. Twenty eight overweight/obese adults (BMI>23 kg/m2) were included in this study and compared before and after 8 weeks of exercise program (60 min/day, 5 times in a week). The subjects, in both aerobic and resistance training, showed significant improvement in anthropometric parameters and exercise capacities including maximal oxygen uptake and muscle strength. Interestingly, the circulating irisin was significantly increased in resistance training group (p=0.002) but not in aerobic training (p=0.426) compared to control group. In addition, we found the positive correlation between change of the circulating irisin and muscle mass (r=0.432, p=0.022) and the negative correlation between change of the circulating irisin and fat mass (r=−0.407, p=0.031). In the present pilot study, we found that circulating irisin level was increased by 8 weeks of resistance training in overweight/obese adults, suggesting that resistance training could be the efficient exercise type in overweight/obese considering positive change of body composition concomitant with increase of irisin levels.

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A Pilot Study Using Nanoparticles and Laser Induced Photothermal Ablation to Treat Low Grade Canine Mast Cell Tumors: Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety

10.21203/rs.3.rs-659087/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Parshley ◽

Lisa A. Miller ◽

Luis Taboada ◽

Chelsea Tripp ◽

Scott Gustafson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Clinical Remission ◽

Free Time ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Grade ◽

Tumor Cell Death ◽

Mast Cell Tumors ◽

Photothermal Ablation

Abstract Background: Nanoparticles for over forty years have been the subject of a large number of physical and bioscience research. In the last decade use of these particles in medicine has gone from theoretical to clinical trials. Passive targeting of metal-based nanoparticles takes advantage of inherent abnormalities in tumor vasculature allowing accumulation in solid tumors through a process known as the ‘‘enhanced permeability and retention’’ (EPR) effect. In animal tumor implant models, combination of gold and silicone nanoparticle (GSN) and exposure of tumors to laser light (at 808nm) generated enough heat to cause tumor cell death. Mast cell tumors (MCT) are the most common skin tumor in dogs, with an estimate of MCT being roughly 20% of canine skin tumors. The goal of this pilot study is to evaluate nanoparticle and laser tumor thermal ablation on low grade canine MCT model.Results: 38 dogs with 44 mast cell tumors were enrolled in this prospective pilot study. All control tumors and those biopsied prior to laser therapy were found to be low grade MCT by histopathology (two grade method). After random number generation 8 dogs were assigned to control group and 30 dogs were assigned to treatment group. Treatment group had 36 total tumors and control group had 8 tumors present at time of enrollment. Treatment dogs had a 100% response rate, with 94% achieving clinical remission (34 tumors). Recurrence rate was 17% in those tumors achieving clinical remission. Mean progression free time (PFT) for the treatment group was 552 days and mean PFT for the control group was 1095 days.Conclusion: In conclusion results of this study suggest that photothermal ablation using gold-silicone nanoparticles and exposure to near infrared light (808 nm) provides an effective local therapy of low-grade mast cell tumors. Median progression free time and survival was not reached in our treatment group. Suggesting that long term tumor control is possible with PTA that potentially equals surgery when margins are narrow (<0.3cm) or incomplete. PTA appears to have better and more durable MCT responses than either radiation therapy and electrochemotherapy when used as sole therapies.

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Inflammatory marker changes in a 24-month dietary and physical activity randomised intervention trial in postmenopausal women

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78796-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

G. Masala ◽

B. Bendinelli ◽

C. Della Bella ◽

M. Assedi ◽

S. Tapinassi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Breast Density ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Grade ◽

Age Related ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

AbstractChronic low-grade inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases including cancer. Physical activity (PA) and diet have been supposed to modulate inflammatory markers. We evaluated the effects of a 24-month dietary and/or PA intervention on plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, a secondary analysis in the DAMA factorial trial. The 234 study participants (healthy postmenopausal women with high breast density, 50–69 years, non smokers, no hormone therapy) were randomised to four arms: (1) isocaloric dietary intervention mainly based on plant-foods; (2) moderate-intensity PA intervention with at least 1 h/week of supervised strenuous activity; (3) both interventions; (4) general recommendations on healthy dietary and PA patterns. Interleukins (IL)-1α, -1β, -6, tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein were measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Intention-to-treat-analyses were carried out using Tobit regression. Although all cytokines tended to increase over time, after 24 months women in the PA intervention (arms 2 + 3) showed lower levels of IL-1α (exp(β) = 0.66; p = 0.04) and IL-6 (exp(β) = 0.70; p = 0.01) in comparison with women in the control group (arms 1 + 4). No effects of the dietary intervention emerged. In healthy postmenopausal women with high breast density a moderate-intensity PA appears to slow the age-related increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

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Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Dietary Patterns and Body Composition in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11102278 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2278 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Luigi Barrea ◽

Angela Arnone ◽

Giuseppe Annunziata ◽

Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽

Daniela Laudisio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Grade ◽

Testosterone Levels ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

The Mediterranean

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common female endocrine disorder and is characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Obesity, low-grade chronic inflammatory status, and insulin-resistance (IR) often coexist in PCOS. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern, which is rich in complex carbohydrates and fiber, and high in monounsaturated fat. There is a close association among obesity, low-grade chronic inflammation, IR, and hormonal derangements in PCOS. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the adherence to MD, the dietary intake, and the body composition and their association with PCOS clinical severity in a cohort of treatment-naïve women with PCOS when compared with a control group of healthy women matched for age and body mass index (BMI). In this case-controlled, cross-sectional study, we enrolled 112 patients with PCOS and 112 controls. PREvención con DIetaMEDiterránea (PREDIMED) and seven-day food records were used to evaluate the degree of adherence to the MD and dietary pattern, respectively. Body composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) phase-sensitive system. Testosterone levels and Ferriman-Gallwey score assessed the clinical severity of PCOS. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were determined with a nephelometric assay with CardioPhase high sensitivity. PCOS women showed higher testosterone levels, Ferriman-Gallwey score, fasting insulin and glucose levels, and Homeostatic Model Assessment (HoMA)-IR when compared with the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, we found that the PCOS women consumed less extra-virgin olive oil, legumes, fish/seafood, and nuts compared with control group. Despite no differences in energy intake between the two groups, the PCOS women consumed a lower quantity of complex carbohydrate, fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and higher quantity of simple carbohydrate, total fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), PUFA and n-6 PUFA than the control group. The PCOS women have an adverse body composition when compared with controls, with the lowest values of phase angle (PhA) and fat-free mass (p < 0.001). Additionally, after adjusting for BMI and total energy intake, testosterone levels showed significant negative correlations with PREDIMED score (p < 0.001) and consumption of protein (p = 0.005), complex carbohydrate (p < 0.001), fiber (p < 0.001), MUFA (p < 0.001), n-3 PUFA (p = 0.001), and positive associations with CRP levels, simple carbohydrate, SFA, n-6 PUFA (p < 0.001, respectively), and PUFA (p = 0.002). The cut-off for PREDIMED score ≤ 6 (p < 0.001, area under the curve (AUC) 0.848, standard error 0.036, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.768 to 0.909) could serve as a threshold for significantly increased risk of high value of testosterone levels. In conclusion, a novel direct association between the adherence to MD and the clinical severity of the disease was reported in women with PCOS. This association could support a therapeutic role of foods and nutrients of the Mediterranean dietary pattern in the PCOS pathogenesis likely involving their inflammatory status, IR, and hyperandrogenemia. In addition, we reported a different body composition that is characterized by lower PhA and fat-free mass than controls. These data suggested a role of PhA as a useful marker of the clinical severity of this syndrome and provided strong evidence regarding the strategic relevance of the nutritional assessment in the management of women with PCOS.

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Cardiovascular Protection of Nephropathic Male Patients by Oral Food Supplements

Cardiovascular Therapeutics ◽

10.1155/2020/1807941 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Annalisa Noce ◽

Giulia Marrone ◽

Manuela Di Lauro ◽

Silvia Urciuoli ◽

Anna Pietroboni Zaitseva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Grade ◽

Extracellular Water ◽

Garcinia Cambogia ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Nephropathic patients show elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared to the general population. In order to delve deeper into the understanding of this phenomenon, it is necessary to recognize risk factors that are distinctive to the uremic state, such as oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, gender differences have been reported in nephrology, as it has been observed that chronic kidney disease has higher prevalence in males than in females. The use of an oral food supplement (OFS) containing natural active compounds from Capsicum annuum L., Garcinia cambogia, Centella asiatica L., artichoke, and Aesculus hippocastanum L. which are virtually devoid from side effects, but rich in antioxidant and antiradical properties, could represent a valid therapeutic adjunct in the clinical management of nephropathic patients. Moreover, quantitative analysis performed in vitro on such compounds showed that they expressed good total antioxidant (7.28 gallic acid equivalents) and antiradical activity (above 80%). In this study, 23 male nephropathic patients and 10 age and body composition parameter matched healthy males (control group) were enrolled and took 3 cps/day of OFS for 5 weeks. At the end of the study, the nephropathic patient group showed a statistically significant reduction in the following laboratory parameters: total cholesterol (TC) (p=0.044), atherogenic index TC/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.010), inflammatory parameters (C-reactive protein, p=0.048, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, p=0.019), systolic (p=0.044), and diastolic arterial blood pressure (p=0.003). Regarding body composition, there was an increase in total body water % (p=0.035) with redistribution of extracellular water % (p=0.030) and intracellular water % (p=0.049). In the control group, there was a reduction in fat mass % (p=0.017) and extracellular water % (p=0.047). Therefore, this OFS may represent a valid adjunct therapy to counteract comorbidities related to uremia.

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