scholarly journals Involvement of Gut Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites and Interaction with Polyphenol in Host Immunometabolism

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3054
Author(s):  
Andy W.C. Man ◽  
Yawen Zhou ◽  
Ning Xia ◽  
Huige Li
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Metabolites Production

Immunological and metabolic processes are inextricably linked and important for maintaining tissue and organismal health. Manipulation of cellular metabolism could be beneficial to immunity and prevent metabolic and degenerative diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Maintenance of a normal metabolism depends on symbiotic consortium of gut microbes. Gut microbiota contributes to certain xenobiotic metabolisms and bioactive metabolites production. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites have been shown to be involved in inflammatory activation of macrophages and contribute to metabolic diseases. Recent studies have focused on how nutrients affect immunometabolism. Polyphenols, the secondary metabolites of plants, are presented in many foods and beverages. Several studies have demonstrated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols. Many clinical trials and epidemiological studies have also shown that long-term consumption of polyphenol-rich diet protects against chronic metabolic diseases. It is known that polyphenols can modulate the composition of core gut microbiota and interact with the immunometabolism. In the present article, we review the mechanisms of gut microbiota and its metabolites on immunometabolism, summarize recent findings on how the interaction between microbiota and polyphenol modulates host immunometabolism, and discuss future research directions.

scholarly journals Recurrent Cholera Outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa: Moving beyond Epidemiology to Understand the Environmental Reservoirs and Drivers

Challenges ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis Gwenzi ◽  
Edmond Sanganyado
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control ◽  
Water Borne

Recurrent cholera outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) attracted a lot of research interest, raising questions about the effectiveness of current prevention and control methods. However, research on cholera and other water-borne diseases in Africa is dominated by epidemiological studies, while investigations on the environmental drivers and reservoirs of cholera remain scarce. The current discourse relating cholera to the environment in SSA is often limited to the rudimentary statement that, “cholera is caused by the consumption of contaminated water and food”. Yet, beyond this simplistic view, literature elsewhere shows that cholera outbreaks are controlled by its complex interactions with environmental drivers and reservoirs. This brings to question whether cholera can be eradicated in SSA without understanding these complex interactions. The current review seeks to (1) highlight the nature and dynamics of recent cholera outbreaks in SSA, (2) discuss the importance of environmental reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae, and anthropogenic and hydroclimatic drivers in controlling the dynamics of cholera outbreaks, and (3) highlight key knowledge gaps and future research directions, and the need to harness emerging research tools such as modeling, machine learning, data mining, and genomics techniques to better understand the cholera dynamics. By bringing to fore these often-overlooked issues in cholera research, we seek to stimulate discussion, and promote a shift toward cross-disciplinary research on cholera and other water-borne diseases in SSA and beyond.

Unemployment, Underemployment, Occupational Stress and Psychological Well-Being

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony H. Winefield
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Future Research Directions

Research on unemployment, underemployment and organisational stress have become major social issues over the past 20 years and have attracted considerable research interest on the part of organisational psychologists both in Australia and overseas. Globalisation has led to restructuring and downsizing in many industrialised societies and a shift, for many workers, from the prospect of secure, long-term employment, to unemployment or inadequate or insecure employment. This paper reviews the research on these topics, discusses their theoretical implications and suggests future research directions.

Long-Term Effects of Sports Concussions: Bridging the Neurocognitive Repercussions of the Injury with the Newest Neuroimaging Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke C. Henry ◽  
Sebastien Tremblay ◽  
Louis De Beaumont
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Sports Concussions

Little is known of the long-term effects of sports-related concussion. Within the scientific literature, conclusions vary substantially where some work suggests there are no long-term consequences at all and other studies show rampant neurodegeneration thought to be caused by sometimes even a single concussive blow to the head. There is growing evidence that supports multiple long-term outcomes, showing both subclinical and clinically relevant changes in the brains of athletes, young and old alike. This article reviews the pathohistology of cerebral concussions and examines the extant literature with a focus on electrophysiological and neuroimaging findings. Neurobehavioral and neurocognitive changes are also reviewed, particularly as they are related to chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Lacunae within the literature are explored, and future research directions are proposed.

Research Partnerships in Sport for Development and Peace: Challenges, Barriers, and Strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Welty Peachey ◽  
Adam Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Sport For Development ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Practical Implications

Research partnerships between scholars and sport for development and peace (SDP) organizations are common, but firsthand accounts of the challenges and barriers faced by scholars when forming and sustaining partnerships are rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine them, and to uncover strategies to overcome these challenges across different partnership contexts. Eight prominent SDP scholars were interviewed. Guided by collaboration theory and the partnership literature, findings revealed challenges included navigating the political and organizational landscape; securing commitments from organizations with limited resources; negotiating divergent goals, objectives, and understandings; and conducting long-term evaluations and research. Strategies to address these issues involved developing strategic partnerships, cultivating mutual understanding, building trust, starting small, finding the cause champion, and developing a track record of success. Key theoretical and practical implications are drawn forth, as well as intriguing future research directions.

scholarly journals Mild traumatic brain injury and postconcussive symptoms in children and adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEITH OWEN YEATES
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Postconcussive Symptoms ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes ◽  
Future Research Directions

AbstractThe vast majority of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in children are of mild severity. Even if only a small proportion of children with mild TBI suffer negative outcomes, then mild TBI is a serious public health problem. This review summarizes the literature regarding the neurobehavioral outcomes associated with mild TBI in children and adolescents, focusing on the longstanding debate regarding postconcussive symptoms and attendant conceptual and methodological issues. The review also discusses future research directions, the long-term goal of which is to develop a comprehensive and integrated biopsychosocial model of outcomes that helps guide clinical management. (JINS, 2010,16, 953–960.)

scholarly journals Beyond Passion and Perseverance: Review and Future Research Initiatives on the Science of Grit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Alfonso D. Datu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Research Initiatives

Grit, which is originally conceptualized as passion and perseverance for long-term goals, has been associated with optimal performance. Although previous meta-analytic and systematic reviews summarized how grit relates to performance outcomes, they possess considerable shortcomings, such as (a) absence of summary on the association of grit with well-being outcomes; (b) absence of discussion on social, psychological, and emotional mechanisms linking grit to well-being; and (c) lack of elaboration on how alternative models can resolve fundamental problems in the grit construct. This integrative review provides a comprehensive summary on the link of grit to performance and well-being outcomes. Importantly, it elaborates how alternative models can potentially address flaws in the existing grit theory. Future research directions are discussed on how to move forward the science of grit.

Using humor and boosting emotions: An affect-based study of managerial humor, employees’ emotions and psychological capital

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1316-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilupama Wijewardena ◽  
Charmine EJ Härtel ◽  
Ramanie Samaratunge
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Initial Support ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Field Of Inquiry ◽  
Quality Relationships

Evidence from emerging scholarly investigations consistently points to managerial humor as fruitful new grounds to expand management knowledge and practice. In light of this, the present study examined managerial humor as an affective event at work that has short-term emotional and long-term psychological outcomes for employees. To test this empirically, we recruited a sample of 2498 Australian employees to participate in a field experience sampling study. We also considered the potential moderating effect of leader–member exchange on the humor–emotions relationship. Findings provide initial support for managerial humor as an affective event such that when employees perceived their manager’s humor as positive they reported experiencing positive emotions, and vice versa. Importantly, employees with high-quality relationships with their managers responded to their manager’s humor use with a greater number of positive emotions and fewer negative emotions than did employees with low-quality relationships with their managers. We argue that humor is an event that managers must responsibly manage in order to produce positive emotional experiences for employees and support healthy emotion regulation at work. We also discuss the conditions under which it is advisable for managers to use humor with employees, and suggest future research directions to develop this growing field of inquiry.

Long-Term Export Stimuli and Firm Characteristics in a European LDC

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Katsikeas ◽  
Nigel F. Piercy
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Future Research Directions

This study presents an investigation of factors that stimulate the decision-making process of exporting firms from a European Lesser Developed Country (LDC) to continue and sustain export activities. The paper explores the existence of dimensions underlying export motivation and identifies potentially significant differences in perceptions of export stimuli based on firm size, degree of export involvement, and exporting experience. The findings point to a more proactive (than reactive) motivation structure underlying the export activities of these manufacturers. While no relationship is found between perceptions of export motivation and firm size, a number of significant differences in ongoing export stimuli are identified between different groups of firms in terms of export involvement and, to a lesser extent, exporting experience. Managerial and public policy implications are discussed, and suggestions for future research directions are outlined.

scholarly journals Energy Aspects of Green Buildings – International Experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kauskale ◽  
I. Geipele ◽  
N. Zeltins ◽  
I. Lecis
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Energy Aspects ◽  
Research Show

Abstract At present, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is one of the main environmental priorities globally, and implementation of sustainability aspects in the construction industry, including energy aspects, is of major importance for long-term environmental development, as buildings have a long life cycle and require many resources both for construction and operation periods. The aim of the research is to analyse energy aspects of green buildings. The results of research show that the construction of green buildings can significantly result in energy savings and has other benefits for different market participants. Future research directions have been identified as well.

scholarly journals Glioma-on-a-Chip Models

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Merve Ustun ◽  
Sajjad Rahmani Dabbagh ◽  
Irem Sultan Ilci ◽  
Tugba Bagci-Onder ◽  
Savas Tasoglu
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
On Chip

Glioma, as an aggressive type of cancer, accounts for virtually 80% of malignant brain tumors. Despite advances in therapeutic approaches, the long-term survival of glioma patients is poor (it is usually fatal within 12–14 months). Glioma-on-chip platforms, with continuous perfusion, mimic in vivo metabolic functions of cancer cells for analytical purposes. This offers an unprecedented opportunity for understanding the underlying reasons that arise glioma, determining the most effective radiotherapy approach, testing different drug combinations, and screening conceivable side effects of drugs on other organs. Glioma-on-chip technologies can ultimately enhance the efficacy of treatments, promote the survival rate of patients, and pave a path for personalized medicine. In this perspective paper, we briefly review the latest developments of glioma-on-chip technologies, such as therapy applications, drug screening, and cell behavior studies, and discuss the current challenges as well as future research directions in this field.

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