Long-Term Effects of Sports Concussions: Bridging the Neurocognitive Repercussions of the Injury with the Newest Neuroimaging Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke C. Henry ◽  
Sebastien Tremblay ◽  
Louis De Beaumont
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Sports Concussions

Little is known of the long-term effects of sports-related concussion. Within the scientific literature, conclusions vary substantially where some work suggests there are no long-term consequences at all and other studies show rampant neurodegeneration thought to be caused by sometimes even a single concussive blow to the head. There is growing evidence that supports multiple long-term outcomes, showing both subclinical and clinically relevant changes in the brains of athletes, young and old alike. This article reviews the pathohistology of cerebral concussions and examines the extant literature with a focus on electrophysiological and neuroimaging findings. Neurobehavioral and neurocognitive changes are also reviewed, particularly as they are related to chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Lacunae within the literature are explored, and future research directions are proposed.

Exposure-Based Treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Abramowitz ◽  
Steven Taylor ◽  
Dean McKay
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is one of the oldest and most effective treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder. The present chapter describes the empirical foundations, development, delivery, and latest research on ERP. Commonly used methods and procedural variants of ERP are described, along with findings concerning the underlying mechanisms of action. The efficacy of ERP in relation to other treatments is discussed, in addition to research on the long-term effects of ERP and its effects in non-research settings. Pretreatment predictors of the outcome of treatments using ERP are also considered. Efforts to improve treatment outcome are discussed, including research into the benefits of combining ERP with other psychosocial interventions such as cognitive therapy, or with particular medications. The chapter concludes by considering important future research directions for improving the outcome of treatment packages that include ERP.

Unemployment, Underemployment, Occupational Stress and Psychological Well-Being

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony H. Winefield
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Future Research Directions

Research on unemployment, underemployment and organisational stress have become major social issues over the past 20 years and have attracted considerable research interest on the part of organisational psychologists both in Australia and overseas. Globalisation has led to restructuring and downsizing in many industrialised societies and a shift, for many workers, from the prospect of secure, long-term employment, to unemployment or inadequate or insecure employment. This paper reviews the research on these topics, discusses their theoretical implications and suggests future research directions.

scholarly journals Fe0/H2O Systems for Environmental Remediation: The Scientific History and Future Research Directions

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Hu ◽  
Xuesong Cui ◽  
Willis Gwenzi ◽  
Shuanghong Wu ◽  
Chicgoua Noubactep
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Intrinsic Reactivity ◽  
Further Development

Elemental iron (Fe0) has been widely used in groundwater/soil remediation, safe drinking water provision, and wastewater treatment. It is still mostly reported that a surface-mediated reductive transformation (direct reduction) is a relevant decontamination mechanism. Thus, the expressions “contaminant removal” and “contaminant reduction” are interchangeably used in the literature for reducible species (contaminants). This contribution reviews the scientific literature leading to the advent of the Fe0 technology and shows clearly that reductive transformations in Fe0/H2O systems are mostly driven by secondary (FeII, H/H2) and tertiary/quaternary (e.g., Fe3O4, green rust) reducing agents. The incidence of this original mistake on the Fe0 technology and some consequences for its further development are discussed. It is shown, in particular, that characterizing the intrinsic reactivity of Fe0 materials should be the main focus of future research.

Research Partnerships in Sport for Development and Peace: Challenges, Barriers, and Strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Welty Peachey ◽  
Adam Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Sport For Development ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Practical Implications

Research partnerships between scholars and sport for development and peace (SDP) organizations are common, but firsthand accounts of the challenges and barriers faced by scholars when forming and sustaining partnerships are rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine them, and to uncover strategies to overcome these challenges across different partnership contexts. Eight prominent SDP scholars were interviewed. Guided by collaboration theory and the partnership literature, findings revealed challenges included navigating the political and organizational landscape; securing commitments from organizations with limited resources; negotiating divergent goals, objectives, and understandings; and conducting long-term evaluations and research. Strategies to address these issues involved developing strategic partnerships, cultivating mutual understanding, building trust, starting small, finding the cause champion, and developing a track record of success. Key theoretical and practical implications are drawn forth, as well as intriguing future research directions.

scholarly journals Lean and Agile model implementation for managing the supply chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 847-858
Author(s):  
Youssef Hassani ◽  
Ioana Ceauşu ◽  
Adrian Iordache
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Supply Chain Integration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Agile Model

AbstractEven though both researchers and practitioners propose several approaches to supply chain management research and the scientific literature shows that several methods have been implemented for supply chain management, the studies carried out have not revealed a formalized process or a clear method for supply chain integration. Indeed, there is a specific way to achieve this integration in the supply chain and there are differences in how one company does it compared to another. More recently, an alternative based on the Lean and Agile paradigms has been presented. The implementation of the Lean and Agile models to the supply chain aims to improve and simplify the production and the process of minimizing or eliminating wastes of all kinds, raise the productivity of the supply chain, increase the capability to respond quickly to unpredictable and changing customer demands and to take advantage of the uncertainty and the volatility of the market in the medium term. The main objective of this paper is to conduct an impact study on the implementation of Lean and Agile models in the supply chain, based on a review of the scientific literature concerning the models implemented to improve the productivity of the supply chain. We aim to identify and analyze the research carried out regarding the implementation of Lean and Agile models in order to improve the supply chain management, the results achieved and future research directions. Although the Lean and Agility paradigms are distinct and can be developed differently, they can be successfully integrated into a well-designed supply chain integration that involves a substantial degree of ambiguity in terms of significance and level of application across different supply chains, in order to increase the capacity to act, react and adapt to changes in demand and supply.

scholarly journals Involvement of Gut Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites and Interaction with Polyphenol in Host Immunometabolism

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3054
Author(s):  
Andy W.C. Man ◽  
Yawen Zhou ◽  
Ning Xia ◽  
Huige Li
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Metabolites Production

Immunological and metabolic processes are inextricably linked and important for maintaining tissue and organismal health. Manipulation of cellular metabolism could be beneficial to immunity and prevent metabolic and degenerative diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Maintenance of a normal metabolism depends on symbiotic consortium of gut microbes. Gut microbiota contributes to certain xenobiotic metabolisms and bioactive metabolites production. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites have been shown to be involved in inflammatory activation of macrophages and contribute to metabolic diseases. Recent studies have focused on how nutrients affect immunometabolism. Polyphenols, the secondary metabolites of plants, are presented in many foods and beverages. Several studies have demonstrated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols. Many clinical trials and epidemiological studies have also shown that long-term consumption of polyphenol-rich diet protects against chronic metabolic diseases. It is known that polyphenols can modulate the composition of core gut microbiota and interact with the immunometabolism. In the present article, we review the mechanisms of gut microbiota and its metabolites on immunometabolism, summarize recent findings on how the interaction between microbiota and polyphenol modulates host immunometabolism, and discuss future research directions.

scholarly journals Mild traumatic brain injury and postconcussive symptoms in children and adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEITH OWEN YEATES
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Postconcussive Symptoms ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes ◽  
Future Research Directions

AbstractThe vast majority of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in children are of mild severity. Even if only a small proportion of children with mild TBI suffer negative outcomes, then mild TBI is a serious public health problem. This review summarizes the literature regarding the neurobehavioral outcomes associated with mild TBI in children and adolescents, focusing on the longstanding debate regarding postconcussive symptoms and attendant conceptual and methodological issues. The review also discusses future research directions, the long-term goal of which is to develop a comprehensive and integrated biopsychosocial model of outcomes that helps guide clinical management. (JINS, 2010,16, 953–960.)

scholarly journals Thirty Years of Research on Succession in the Field of Family Business: A Bibliometric Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Atar Benismael ◽  
Mohamed Nabil El mabrouki
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Word Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Future Research Directions

Bibliometric analysis is the application of statistical methods to quantitatively analyze scientific publications. It makes it possible to evaluate the production of a laboratory, a journal or a field of research. The objective of this study is to carry out an analysis of the scientific literature published on succession in the field of family business over the last thirty years. Two different types of indicators were used. The first concerns the activity indicators, which provides information about the productivity of journals and authors. The second is about co-citation analysis which gives an idea of the links between researchers, and co-word analysis which identifies interactions and relationships between different research topics. The results obtained reveal that it is a relatively recent area of research with strong connections between authors. Gaps in the literature as well as future research directions are also presented.

scholarly journals Beyond Passion and Perseverance: Review and Future Research Initiatives on the Science of Grit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Alfonso D. Datu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Research Initiatives

Grit, which is originally conceptualized as passion and perseverance for long-term goals, has been associated with optimal performance. Although previous meta-analytic and systematic reviews summarized how grit relates to performance outcomes, they possess considerable shortcomings, such as (a) absence of summary on the association of grit with well-being outcomes; (b) absence of discussion on social, psychological, and emotional mechanisms linking grit to well-being; and (c) lack of elaboration on how alternative models can resolve fundamental problems in the grit construct. This integrative review provides a comprehensive summary on the link of grit to performance and well-being outcomes. Importantly, it elaborates how alternative models can potentially address flaws in the existing grit theory. Future research directions are discussed on how to move forward the science of grit.

scholarly journals Wearable Devices for Ergonomics: A Systematic Literature Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Elena Stefana ◽  
Filippo Marciano ◽  
Diana Rossi ◽  
Paola Cocca ◽  
Giuseppe Tomasoni
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Vibrotactile Feedback ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Selection Of

Wearable devices are pervasive solutions for increasing work efficiency, improving workers’ well-being, and creating interactions between users and the environment anytime and anywhere. Although several studies on their use in various fields have been performed, there are no systematic reviews on their utilisation in ergonomics. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to identify wearable devices proposed in the scientific literature for ergonomic purposes and analyse how they can support the improvement of ergonomic conditions. Twenty-eight papers were retrieved and analysed thanks to eleven comparison dimensions related to ergonomic factors, purposes, and criteria, populations, application and validation. The majority of the available devices are sensor systems composed of different types and numbers of sensors located in diverse body parts. These solutions also represent the technology most frequently employed for monitoring and reducing the risk of awkward postures. In addition, smartwatches, body-mounted smartphones, insole pressure systems, and vibrotactile feedback interfaces have been developed for evaluating and/or controlling physical loads or postures. The main results and the defined framework of analysis provide an overview of the state of the art of smart wearables in ergonomics, support the selection of the most suitable ones in industrial and non-industrial settings, and suggest future research directions.

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