scholarly journals Whey Protein Drink Ingestion before Breakfast Suppressed Energy Intake at Breakfast and Lunch, but Not during Dinner, and Was Less Suppressed in Healthy Older than Younger Men

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3318
Author(s):  
Avneet Oberoi ◽  
Caroline Giezenaar ◽  
Alina Clames ◽  
Kristine Bøhler ◽  
Kylie Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Protein Load

Ageing is associated with changes in feeding behavior. We have reported that there is suppression of energy intake three hours after whey protein drink ingestion in young, but not older, men. This study aimed to determine these effects over a time period of 9 h. Fifteen younger (27 ± 1 years, 25.8 ± 0.7 kg/m2) and 15 older (75 ± 2 years, 26.6 ± 0.8 kg/m2) healthy men were studied on three occasions on which they received, in a randomized order, a 30 g/120 kcal, 70 g/280 kcal whey-protein, or control (~2 kcal) drink. Ad-libitum energy intake (sum of breakfast, lunch, and dinner) was suppressed in a protein load responsive fashion (P = 0.001). Suppression was minimal at breakfast, substantial at lunch (~−16%, P = 0.001), no longer present by dinner, and was less in older than younger men (−3 ± 4% vs. −8 ± 4%, P = 0.027). Cumulative protein intake was increased in the younger and older men (+20% and +42%, P < 0.001). Visual analogue scale ratings of fullness were higher and desire to eat and prospective food consumption were lower after protein vs. control, and these effects were smaller in older vs. younger men (interaction effect P < 0.05). These findings support the use of whey-protein drink supplements in older people who aim to increase their protein intake without decreasing their overall energy intake.

scholarly journals Effects of Age on Acute Appetite-Related Responses to Whey-Protein Drinks, Including Energy Intake, Gastric Emptying, Blood Glucose, and Plasma Gut Hormone Concentrations—A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Giezenaar ◽  
Kylie Lange ◽  
Trygve Hausken ◽  
Karen L. Jones ◽  
Michael Horowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Increase Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
G 28 ◽  
Stimulation Of

Protein-rich supplements are used commonly to increase energy intake in undernourished older people. This study aimed to establish age effects on energy intake, appetite, gastric emptying, blood glucose, and gut hormones in response to protein-rich drinks. In a randomized double-blind, order, 13 older men (age: 75 ± 2 yrs, body mass index (BMI): 26 ± 1 kg/m2) and 13 younger (23 ± 1 yrs, 24 ± 1 kg/m2) men consumed (i) a control drink (~2 kcal) or drinks (450 mL) containing protein/fat/carbohydrate: (ii) 70 g/0 g/0 g (280 kcal/‘P280′), (iii) 14 g/12.4 g/28 g (280 kcal/‘M280′), (iv) 70 g/12.4 g/28 g (504 kcal/‘M504′), on four separate days. Appetite (visual analog scales), gastric emptying (3D ultrasonography), blood glucose, plasma insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations (0–180 min), and ad-libitum energy intake (180–210 min) were determined. Older men, compared to younger men, had higher fasting glucose and CCK concentrations and lower fasting GLP-1 concentrations (all p < 0.05). Energy intake by P280 compared to control was less suppressed in older men (increase: 49 ± 42 kcal) than it was in younger men (suppression: 100 ± 54 kcal, p = 0.038). After the caloric drinks, the suppression of hunger and the desire to eat, and the stimulation of fullness was less (p < 0.05), and the stimulation of plasma GLP-1 was higher (p < 0.05) in older men compared to younger men. Gastric emptying, glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and CCK responses were similar between age groups. In conclusion, ageing reduces the responses of caloric drinks on hunger, the desire to eat, fullness, and energy intake, and protein-rich nutrition supplements may be an effective strategy to increase energy intake in undernourished older people.

Effects of Timing of Whey Protein Intake on Appetite and Energy Intake in Healthy Older Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 898.e9-898.e13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Giezenaar ◽  
Zoé Coudert ◽  
Abdul Baqeri ◽  
Caroline Jensen ◽  
Trygve Hausken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Older Men

Short-term effects of milkshake containing polydextrose and maltodextrin on subjective feelings of appetite, energy intake and blood glucose in healthy females

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmail Mücahit Alptekin ◽  
Ece Erdoğan ◽  
Aylin İşler ◽  
Esma Cansu Yanalak ◽  
Funda Pınar Çakiroğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Healthy Females

Purpose Previous studies have reported that dietary fibers such as polydextrose and maltodextrin can reduce food intake; however, the studies on the differences of this effect are insufficient. The purpose of this paper is to compare the effects of dietary fibers maltodextrin and polydextrose on alterations of short-term satiety, energy intake and postprandial blood glucose in healthy females. Design/methodology/approach This study was designed as a randomized, crossover and double blind research. For this purpose, 21 healthy females consumed a milkshake containing 0 g (control), 15 g polydextrose (PDX) and 15 g maltodextrin (MDX), and an ad libitum lunch meal was served 150 min later. Subjective appetite scores (hunger, satiety, prospective food consumption and desire to eat) were measured using a visual analog scale. Appetite scores and blood glucose were measured before preload and once per 15 min after milkshake consumption. Findings Visual analog scale scores showed that PDX had an improved effect on satiety and hunger feelings. Compared to the control, dietary fiber increased the Area Under Curve (AUC) scores of satiety (p < 0.001) and decreased the AUC scores of hunger (p < 0.001), prospective food consumption (p < 0.001) and desire to eat (p < 0.001). Energy intake during ad libitum meal was significantly lower in PDX (Control: 862 (54.3) Kcal versus PDX: 679 (35.4) Kcal and MDX: 780 (49.3) Kcal. Moreover, the blood glucose levels were significantly lower in MDX. Originality/value This study conducted with healthy females demonstrated that PDX was more effective in inducing satiety during subsequent food intake, and that postprandial blood glucose were within more healthy levels in MDX.

scholarly journals Αcute effects of essential amino acid gel-based and whey protein supplements on appetite and energy intake in older women

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1141-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Butterworth ◽  
Matthew Lees ◽  
Paul Harlow ◽  
Karen Hind ◽  
Lauren Duckworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Acid Gel

Deficiencies in protein and energy intakes are partly responsible for age-related sarcopenia. We investigated the effects of supplements matched in essential amino acid (EAA) content (7.5 g) on energy intake and appetite. Ten women aged 69.2 ± 2.7 years completed 3 trials in a randomised, crossover design. Composite appetite scores, peptide-YY (PYY), and insulin responses to a 200-mL whey protein (WP) isolate (275 kJ), a 50-mL EAA gel (GEL, 478 kJ), or nothing as the control (CON) condition were investigated over 1 h, followed by an ad libitum breakfast. Energy intake at breakfast (CON, 1957 ± 713; WP, 1413 ± 623; GEL, 1963 ± 611 kJ) was higher in CON and GEL than in WP (both P = 0.006). After accounting for supplement energy content, energy intake in GEL was higher than in CON (P = 0.0006) and WP (P = 0.0008). Time-averaged area under the curve for composite appetite scores (CON, 74 ± 20; WP, 50 ± 22; GEL, 60 ± 16 mm) was higher in CON than WP (P = 0.015). Time-averaged area under the curve for PYY (CON, 87 ± 13; WP, 119 ± 27; GEL, 97 ± 22 pg·mL−1) was higher in WP than CON (P = 0.009) and GEL (P = 0.012). In conclusion, supplementation with WP facilitated an increase in protein intake, whereas supplementation with GEL increases in both energy and protein intakes, when consumed before an ad libitum breakfast. Such findings highlight potential gel-based EAA supplementation intake for addressing age-related sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Effects of randomized whey-protein loads on energy intake, appetite, gastric emptying, and plasma gut-hormone concentrations in older men and women

2017 ◽  
pp. ajcn154377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Giezenaar ◽  
Laurence G Trahair ◽  
Natalie D Luscombe-Marsh ◽  
Trygve Hausken ◽  
Scott Standfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Older Men And Women

scholarly journals Dose–response effect of a whey protein preload on within-day energy intake in lean subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1858-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerys M. Astbury ◽  
Emma J. Stevenson ◽  
Penelope Morris ◽  
Moira A. Taylor ◽  
Ian A. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Crossover Designs ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Response Effect ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dose Response Effect

The effect of consuming different amounts of whey protein on appetite and energy intake was investigated in two separate studies using randomised, crossover designs. Healthy-weight men and women (range: BMI 19·0–25·0 kg/m2, age 19·4–40·4 years) consumed one of four 400 ml liquid preloads, followed by an ad libitum test meal 90 min later. In study 1, preloads were 1675 kJ with 12·5, 25 or 50 % of energy from protein, and in study 2, preloads were 1047 kJ with 10, 20 or 40 % energy from protein. Flavoured water was used as the control in both the studies. Appetite ratings were collected immediately before 30, 60 and 90 min after consuming the preloads; and immediately, 30 and 60 min after consuming the test meal. In study 1, energy intake following the control preload (4136 (sem 337) kJ) was significantly higher than each of the 12·5 % (3520 (sem 296) kJ), 25 % (3384 (sem 265) kJ) and 50 % (2853 (sem 244) kJ) protein preloads (P < 0·05). Intake after the 12·5 % preload was significantly higher than following 25 and 50 % preloads (P < 0·05). In study 2, energy intake following the control preload (4801 (sem 325) kJ) was higher than following the 10 % (4205 (sem 310) kJ), 20 % (3988 (sem 250) kJ) and 40 % (3801 (sem 245) kJ) protein preloads (P < 0·05). There were no differences in subjective appetite ratings between preloads in either study. These findings indicate a dose–response effect of protein content of the preload on energy intake at a subsequent meal.

Energy: protein interactions in growing boars of high genetic potential for lean growth. 1. Effects on growth, carcass characteristics and organ weights

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Rao ◽  
K. J. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Thickness Measurements

AbstractSeven replicates of five littermate boar Landrace pigs were used to evaluate the effects of (a) reducing the food intake within the practical range or (b) reducing energy intake without reducing protein intake, between 33 and 90 kg live weight on growth, nitrogen balance and carcass characteristics. Three levels of food intake (ad libitum, 0·90 and 0·80 ad libitum) were used and the dietary protein contents ranged from 250 to 312 g crude protein per kg dry matter (DM) to equalize protein intake with reduced food intake. All the diets were of similar amino acid composition, and lysine per kg DM ranged from 14·3 to 17·9 g. The food was given twice daily. Balance trials were conducted at 45 and 65 kg live weight and all pigs were slaughtered at 90 kg live weight to assess carcass characteristics. Reducing food intake or only energy intake significantly reduced live-weight gain (P < 0·001). Reducing food intake decreased nitrogen retention (P < 0·01) during the 65-kg balance period. Reducing food intake had no effect on fat thickness measurements but measurements at shoulder (P < 0·001), mid back (P < 0·001), C(P< 0·01) and P2 (P < 0·05) decreased and lean: fat in rumpback increased (P < 0·05) when energy intake was reduced. The weights of small intestine (P < 0·001), large intestine (P < 0·05), liver (P < 0·05) and kidneys (P < 0·05) were significantly reduced as food intake was reduced. Energy is more limiting than protein when the intake of a diet providing for optimal growth of high potential boars is reduced between 33 and 90 kg live weight.

scholarly journals The effects of a mid-morning snack and moderate-intensity exercise on acute appetite and energy intake in 12–14-year-old adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna L. Varley-Campbell ◽  
Melanie S. Moore ◽  
Craig A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Exercise Condition ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Acute Changes

AbstractEnergy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE) should not be considered independent entities, but more an inter-connected system. With increased physical activity and reduced snacking initiatives as prevalent Public Health measures, any changes to subsequent EI from these recommendations should be monitored. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in acute EI and appetite over four conditions: (1) a control condition with no snack and no exercise (CON); (2) a snack condition (+1 MJ; SK); (3) a moderate-intensity cycling exercise condition (−1 MJ; EX); and finally (4) both snack and exercise condition (+1 MJ, −1 MJ; EXSK). Acute changes in appetite (visual analogue scale) and lunchtime EI (ad libitum pizza meal) were recorded in twenty boys and eighteen girls (12–13 years). Lunch EI was not significantly different between conditions or sexes (P>0·05). Relative EI was calculated, where the energy manipulation (+1 MJ from the snack or −1 MJ from the exercise) was added to lunchtime EI. Relative EI indicated no significant differences between the sexes (P>0·05); however, in the EX condition, relative EI was significantly lower (P<0·001) compared with all other conditions. Appetite increased significantly over time (P<0·001) and was significantly higher in the CON and EX conditions compared with the SK and EXSK conditions. No significant sex differences were found between conditions. When aiming to evoke an acute energy deficit, increasing EE created a significantly larger relative energy deficit than the removal of the mid-morning snack. Sex was not a confounder to influence EI or appetite between any of the conditions.

scholarly journals Lesser suppression of energy intake by orally ingested whey protein in healthy older men compared with young controls

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (8) ◽  
pp. R845-R854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Giezenaar ◽  
Laurence G. Trahair ◽  
Rachael Rigda ◽  
Amy T. Hutchison ◽  
Christine Feinle-Bisset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Protein Ingestion

Protein-rich supplements are used widely for the management of malnutrition in young and older people. Protein is the most satiating of the macronutrients in young. It is not known how the effects of oral protein ingestion on energy intake, appetite, and gastric emptying are modified by age. The aim of the study was to determine the suppression of energy intake by protein compared with control and underlying gastric-emptying and appetite responses of oral whey protein drinks in eight healthy older men (69–80 yr) compared with eight young male controls (18–34 yr). Subjects were studied on three occasions to determine the effects of protein loads of 30 g/120 kcal and 70 g/280 kcal compared with a flavored water control-drink (0 g whey protein) on energy intake (ad libitum buffet-style meal), and gastric emptying (three-dimensional-ultrasonography) and appetite (0–180 min) in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design. Energy intake was suppressed by the protein compared with control ( P = 0.034). Suppression of energy intake by protein was less in older men (1 ± 5%) than in young controls (15 ± 2%; P = 0.008). Cumulative energy intake (meal+drink) on the protein drink days compared with the control day increased more in older (18 ± 6%) men than young (1 ± 3%) controls ( P = 0.008). Gastric emptying of all three drinks was slower in older men (50% gastric-emptying time: 68 ± 5 min) than young controls (36 ± 5 min; P = 0.007). Appetite decreased in young, while it increased in older ( P < 0.05). In summary, despite having slower gastric emptying, elderly men exhibited blunted protein-induced suppression of energy intake by whey protein compared with young controls, so that in the elderly men, protein ingestion increased overall energy intake more than in the young men.

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