Impact of Micronutrients on Hypertension: Evidence from Clinical Trials with a Special Focus on Meta-Analysis

Hypertension (HT) is one of the pivotal risk factors for various detrimental diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cerebrovascular disease, and renal dysfunction. Currently, many researchers are paying immense attention to various diet formula (dietary approach) with a special focus on micro and macronutrients along with modified lifestyle and standard anti-hypertensive drugs. Micronutrients (minerals/vitamins) play a central role in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) as they aid the function of macronutrients and also improve the anti-hypertensive functions of some anti-hypertensive agents. Even though several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of micronutrients on controlling BP, still some ambiguity exists among the nutritionists/doctors, which combination or individual mineral (dietary approach) contributes to better BP regulation. Therefore, this critical review article was attempted to delineate the underlying role of micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) for the management and prevention or delaying of HT and their related complications with strong affirmation from clinical trials as well as its mechanism of controlling BP. Moreover, the major source and recommended daily allowance (RDA) of various micronutrients are included in this review for guiding common readers (especially HT subjects) and dieticians to choose/recommend a better micronutrient and their combinations (other nutrients and standard anti-hypertensive drugs) for lowering the risk of HT and its related co-morbid conditions like CVDs.

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Biological role of AKT, and regulation of AKT signaling pathway by thymoquinone: perspectives in cancer therapeutics

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557520666201005143818 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Md. Junaid ◽

Yeasmin Akter ◽

Syeda Samira Afrose ◽

Mousumi Tania ◽

Md. Asaduzzaman Khan

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Akt Signaling ◽

Review Article ◽

Therapeutic Drug ◽

Akt Signaling Pathway ◽

Anti Cancer

Background: AKT/PKB is an important enzyme with numerous biological functions, and its overexpression is related to the carcinogenesis. AKT stimulates different signaling pathways that are downstream of activated tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, hence functions as an important target for anti-cancer drugs. Objective: In this review article, we have interpreted the role of AKT signaling pathways in cancer and natural inhibitory effect of Thymoquinone (TQ) in AKT and its possible mechanism. Method: We have collected the updated information and data on AKT, their role in cancer and inhibitory effect of TQ in AKT signaling pathway from google scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, Scopus and many more. Results: There are many drugs already developed, which can target AKT, but very few among them have passed clinical trials. TQ is a natural compound, mainly found in black cumin, which has been found to have potential anti-cancer activities. TQ targets numerous signaling pathways, including AKT, in different cancers. In fact, many studies revealed that AKT is one of the major targets of TQ. The preclinical success of TQ suggests its clinical studies on cancer. Conclusion: This review article summarizes the role of AKT in carcinogenesis, its potent inhibitors in clinical trials, and how TQ acts as an inhibitor of AKT and TQ’s future as a cancer therapeutic drug.

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The effect of soya consumption on inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520003268 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Mahsa Rezazadegan ◽

Fatemeh Mirjalili ◽

Cain C. T. Clark ◽

Mohammad Hossein Rouhani

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Isi Web Of Science ◽

Subgroup Analyses ◽

Study Heterogeneity ◽

High Doses

Abstract Inflammation is a major cause of chronic diseases. Several studies have investigated the effects of soya intake on inflammatory biomarkers; however, the results are equivocal. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials that evaluated the effect of soya consumption on inflammatory biomarkers. Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar were systematically searched, up to and including May 2020, for clinical trials that evaluated the effects of soya and soya products on TNF-α, IL-6, IL-2, IL-1β and interferon γ (IFN-γ) in adults. A random effects method was used to calculate overall effects, and subgroup analyses were performed to discern probable sources of inter-study heterogeneity. A total of twenty-eight clinical trials were included. Although soya consumption reduced TNF-α (Hedges’ g = –0·28; 95 % CI –0·49, –0·07), it had no significant effect on IL-6 (Hedges’ g = 0·07, 95 % CI –0·14, 0·28), IL-2 (mean difference (MD) = –1·38 pg/ml; 95 % CI –3·07, 0·31), IL-1β (MD = –0·02 pg/ml; 95 % CI –0·08, 0·03) and IFN-γ (MD = 1685·82 pg/ml; 95 % CI –1604·86, 4976·50). Subgroup analysis illustrated a reduction in TNF-α in parallel designed studies, at dosages ≥100 mg of isoflavones, and in unhealthy subjects. The present study showed that high doses of isoflavones in unhealthy subjects may yield beneficial effects on TNF-α.

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The role of meta-analysis in cancer clinical trials

International Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1007/s10147-008-0876-x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 90-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chikuma Hamada

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cancer Clinical Trials

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Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Treatment of Depressive Disorders: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0096905 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e96905 ◽

Cited By ~ 235

Author(s):

Giuseppe Grosso ◽

Andrzej Pajak ◽

Stefano Marventano ◽

Sabrina Castellano ◽

Fabio Galvano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3

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Circulating tumor cells in breast cancer

International Journal of Molecular and Immuno Oncology ◽

10.18203/issn.2456-3994.intjmolimmunooncol20170052 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Akhil Jain ◽

Moushumi Suryavanshi ◽

Ullas Batra ◽

Pankaj Goyal ◽

Dinesh Doval

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Predictive Marker ◽

Serum Markers ◽

Ultimate Outcome

<span>Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Liquid biopsy is a novel diagnostic tool and may provide answers to many questions related to unevenness in prognosis and ultimate outcome. Different technologies for CTC isolation, enrichment, detection, and characterization are under evaluation. Various clinical trials and meta-analysis have been conducted to define the role of CTC in early and metastatic breast cancer. CTCs are superior to other serum markers for prognostication. Their role as predictive marker remains elusive.</span>

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Role of placebo factors in clinical trials with special focus on enrichment designs

Pain ◽

10.1016/j.pain.2008.07.027 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 139 (2) ◽

pp. 479-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Roland Staud ◽

Donald D. Price

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Special Focus ◽

Enrichment Designs

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Statistics and the nature of depression

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700026350 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 871-889 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

G. Dunn ◽

P. Sham ◽

D. Hand

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Maintenance Therapy ◽

Statistical Methods ◽

Beck Depression Inventory ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Critical Examination ◽

Statistical Tools ◽

Hamilton Rating Scale

SynopsisA critical examination is made of the role that statistical methods have played in the understanding of depression. The development of instruments for measuring depression is illustrated by reference to the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Rating Scale. The controversy over the existence of one or two types of depression is examined from the perspective of the statistical tools used. Some of the problems in studies of the heritability of depression are outlined. The development of clinical trials of depression is examined, with particular reference to ECT and maintenance therapy, and the role of meta-analysis is discussed.

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The role of plant polyphenols in the health preservation: Effects on human cardiometabolic function

Medicinski podmladak ◽

10.5937/mp72-28194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 34-42

Author(s):

Miloš Gostimirović ◽

Jovana Rajković ◽

Vladimir Đokić ◽

Duško Terzić ◽

Svetozar Putnik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Functioning ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Great Influence ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Special Focus ◽

Plant Fibers ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Cell Life ◽

Life Habits

Regardless of the continuous improvement of diagnostic possibilities and the organizational structure of the healthcare system that contribute to the reduction of the complicated courses of diseases, modern socio-economic and environmental stressors, life habits and increased fluctuation in the psychological functioning of an individual still have a great influence on the overall burden of human diseases. At present, etiological factors and pathogenic mechanisms of numerous diseases are known, thus enabling their continuous and timely pharmacotherapy. However, for progressive diseases or those associated with numeorus complications, pharmacological treatment can lead to the side effects, and preventive measures are highlighted as the main strategy in the management of such diseases, especially in chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). One of the preventive measures is timely and qualitative supplementation of the diet with beneficial micronutrients and oligoelements. Their main sources are represented in plant fibers that synthesize biologically active substances with a polyphenolic ring in their structure, called natural polyphenolic compounds (NPC). Decades of NPC research have brought new insights into the potential modification of existing pharmacotherapy of numeorus diseases. Currently, it is known that many polyphenols have an optimal pharmacological profile with cardioprotection and at the center of their overall effects. Research into the mechanisms of polyphenolic action is exhaustive, their interactions with numerous subcellular structures have been described, and they are refered as promising molecules, with the potential to modify key pathogenetic elements that lead to the progression of various diseases. So far, their numerous effects on endothelium, smooth muscle cells and lipid cells involved in the process of atherogenesis are known, their antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties have been proven, and the synergy with the intestinal microbial populations has recently been known to contribute to their beneficial effects. This paper has the aim to point out the most important mechanisms that NPC use to improve general functionality of the organism by stimulating its defense capacity, prolonging cell life and delaying its overall aging. As the most important cardioprotective nutrients, a special focus is given to their beneficial effects on cardiovascular and metabolic function.

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