scholarly journals Rapid Weight Loss Habits before a Competition in Sambo Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Flavia Figlioli ◽  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
Ewan Thomas ◽  
Valdemar Stajer ◽  
Darinka Korovljev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Diet Pill ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
Senior Athletes ◽  
Diet Pills ◽  
Weight Loss Strategy

Background: Like other combat sports, sambo has competition rules that divide athletes into categories based on gender, age and weight. Athletes in combat sports often resort to rapid weight loss (RWL) methods to be more competitive in lower weight categories and gain an advantage against lighter, smaller and weaker competitors. The aim of this study was to examine the methodology implemented by two different sambo age categories, junior and senior athletes, in order to attain RWL. Methods: The sample consisted of 103 male sambo elite athletes (seniors/juniors: age 28.5 ± 4.3/18.9 ± 0.8; height (m): 1.7 ± 0.1/1.8 ± 0.1; weight (kg): 76.3 ± 17.8/74.4 ± 16.3; BMI (kg/m2): 25.0 ± 3.8/23.7 ± 3.9) who completed a survey on RWL. Results: Athletes reported losing a mean of 5 kg starting approximately 12 days before a competition. The most common methodology reported by senior and junior sambo athletes was gradually increasing dieting, followed by sauna and plastic suit training. Less common methods adopted were laxatives, diuretics, the use of diet pills and vomiting. There were significant group differences for sauna and diet pill ingestion. Coaches and parents are influential people in the lives of athletes concerning the weight loss strategy to be adopted. Conclusions: This study’s results unequivocally confirm the prevalent practice of RWL in both senior and junior sambo athletes. Although athletes prevalently chose “less harmful” methods, there is a need to inform parents and coaches of the risks and benefits of RWL.

scholarly journals CARDIAC SYMPATHETIC MODULATION INCREASE AFTER WEIGHT LOSS IN COMBAT SPORTS ATHLETES

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno do Nascimento-Carvalho ◽  
Miguel Angel Condori Mayta ◽  
João Eduardo Izaias ◽  
Marcio Roberto Doro ◽  
Katia Scapini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Sympathetic Modulation ◽  
Weight Loss Strategy ◽  
Weight Loss Process

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although the rapid weight loss process is undertaken by combat sports athletes very often, the impact of this practice on cardiovascular health is not fully understood. Objective: To verify the effects of the rapid weight loss process undertaken by combat sports athletes on hemodynamic parameters, cardiovascular autonomic modulation and mood state. Methods: Eight male fighters (21.62±1.49 years, 71.25±3.54 kg, 1.74±0.03 cm) were assessed in the city of São Paulo. The subjects had 5.37±0.77 years of practice and were training 5.75±0.45 days per week, for 3.05±0.69 hours per day. The athletes were assessed on 2 occasions: 14 days before and 1 day before official weigh-in. Weight, height and bioimpedance were used for body composition analysis. Mood state was assessed using the Brums Mood Scale. Blood pressure was measured at rest with a digital meter. Cardiovascular autonomic modulation was obtained through an analysis of heart rate variability recorded for 25 minutes at rest. The Student's t-test for dependent samples was used for comparison between time points. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: No differences in body composition were observed between the time points evaluated. After the weight loss strategy, increases in mood state parameters related to anger, vigor and fatigue categories were observed. Blood pressure did not change between the time points evaluated. However, an increase in heart rate associated with greater sympathetic modulation was observed after the weight loss strategy. There were no differences in autonomic modulation parameters representing parasympathetic activity. Conclusions: The study provided evidence of a higher cardiovascular risk in athletes as a result of this rapid weight loss practice, which is very concerning since combat sports athletes repeat this process several times during their lives. Level of Evidence IV; Study type: Case series.

scholarly journals Patterns of Rapid Weight Loss in Elite Sambo Athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Drid ◽  
Flavia Figlioli ◽  
Nemanja Lakicevic ◽  
Ambra Gentile ◽  
Valdemar Stajer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
The World ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Diet Pills ◽  
Multiple Languages

Abstract Background: Rapid weight loss (RWL) is commonly practiced in combat sports. Both magnitude and methods used to induce RWL are largely similar between the combat sports, but currently there is no data on RWL methodology used by sambo athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine RWL procedures sambo athletes apply to lose weight rapidly.Methods: The sample consisted of 199 participants, of which 132 males and 67 females who participated in the World Sambo Championship 2020 held in Novi Sad, Serbia. Each participant received RWL questionnaire that was available in multiple languages, and each participant was instructed how to fill it out.Results: Almost 87% of sambo participants declared to have intentionally cut their weight prior to the competition, whereby 5.27 kg (SD: ±7.57) was lost. Gradual dieting, sauna use and skipping meals were the most dominant methods used to reduce weight prior to competition while more extreme methods of RWL such as the use of laxatives, diuretics, diet pills and vomiting were also implemented but by much smaller fragment of the participants involved.Conclusions: Findings from our study largely match with previously conducted RWL studies in terms of prevalence, magnitude and methods used by combat sport athletes, especially in judo and wrestling. Knowing the hazardous consequences of RWL, alternative methods of sustainable weight loss should be considered.

scholarly journals Patterns of rapid weight loss in elite sambo athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Drid ◽  
Flavia Figlioli ◽  
Nemanja Lakicevic ◽  
Ambra Gentile ◽  
Valdemar Stajer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
The World ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Diet Pills ◽  
Multiple Languages

Abstract Background Rapid weight loss (RWL) is commonly practiced in combat sports. Both magnitude and methods used to induce RWL are largely similar among combat sports, but currently, there is no data on RWL methodology used by sambo athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine RWL procedures sambo athletes apply to lose weight rapidly. Methods The sample consisted of 199 participants, of which 132 males and 67 females who participated in the World Sambo Championship 2020 held in Novi Sad, Serbia. Each participant received RWL questionnaire that was available in multiple languages, and every participant was instructed how to fill it out. Results Almost 87% of sambo participants declared to have intentionally cut their weight prior to the competition, whereby 5.27 kg (SD: ±7.57) was lost. Gradual dieting, sauna use and skipping meals were the most dominant methods used to reduce weight prior to competition while more extreme methods of RWL such as the use of laxatives, diuretics, diet pills and vomiting were also implemented but by much smaller fragment of the participants involved. Conclusions Findings from our study largely match with previously conducted RWL studies in terms of prevalence, magnitude and methods used by combat sport athletes, especially in judo and wrestling. Knowing the hazardous consequences of RWL, alternative methods of sustainable weight loss should be considered.

scholarly journals Practices of Weight Regulation Among Elite Athletes in Combat Sports: A Matter of Mental Advantage?

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Pettersson ◽  
Marianne Pipping Ekström ◽  
Christina M. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
National Team ◽  
Common Notion ◽  
Age Range

Context The combination of extensive weight loss and inadequate nutritional strategies used to lose weight rapidly for competition in weight-category sports may negatively affect athletic performance and health. Objective To explore the reasoning of elite combat-sport athletes about rapid weight loss and regaining of weight before competitions. Design Qualitative study. Setting With grounded theory as a theoretical framework, we employed a cross-examinational approach including interviews, observations, and Internet sources. Sports observations were obtained at competitions and statements by combat-sport athletes were collected on the Internet. Patients or Other Participants Participants in the interviews were 14 Swedish national team athletes (9 men, 5 women; age range, 18 to 36 years) in 3 Olympic combat sports (wrestling, judo, and taekwondo). Data Collection and Analysis Semistructured interviews with 14 athletes from the Swedish national teams in wrestling, judo, and taekwondo were conducted at a location of each participant's choice. The field observations were conducted at European competitions in these 3 sports. In addition, interviews and statements made by athletes in combat sports were collected on the Internet. Results Positive aspects of weight regulation other than gaining physical advantage emerged from the data during the analysis: sport identity, mental diversion, and mental advantage. Together and individually, these categories point toward the positive aspects of weight regulation experienced by the athletes. Practicing weight regulation mediates a self-image of being “a real athlete.” Weight regulation is also considered mentally important as a part of the precompetition preparation, serving as a coping strategy by creating a feeling of increased focus and commitment. Moreover, a mental advantage relative to one's opponents can be gained through the practice of weight regulation. Conclusions Weight regulation has mentally important functions extending beyond the common notion that combat-sport athletes reduce their weight merely to gain a physical edge over their opponents.

Affect and Cognitive Performance in High School Wrestlers Undergoing Rapid Weight Loss

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Landers ◽  
Shawn M. Arent ◽  
Rafer S. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Study Results

Recent research has demonstrated transient affective changes and impairment of short-term memory in college wrestlers as a result of rapid weight loss (RWL) of at least 5% body weight prior to competition. This study examined the effects of RWL on cognition and affect in high school wrestlers. Wrestlers were considered to be engaging in RWL if they were losing over 5% of body weight (n = 14). Those losing less than 1% of body weight (n = 14) were considered maintainers and served as the control group. Both groups were given a battery of tests assessing cognitive performance (Trail Making Tests A & B, Stroop color-word test, Wechsler digit span, and choice reaction/movement time) and affective state (PANAS) at normal weight (5 to 10 days prior to competition) and again 8 to 12 hours prior to weigh-in. Results indicated an average loss of 4.68 kg in the RWL group and 0.29 kg in the control group. A group-by-time MANOVA and univariate follow-up tests indicated a significant group-by-time interaction for positive affect, p < .014, with the RWL wrestlers having less positive affect than the control group just prior to weigh-in. However, none of the cognitive performance tests demonstrated significant differential changes for RWL vs. control groups, p > .10. Given the control for competition effects in the present study, results suggest there are affective disturbances, but not cognitive impairments, associated with RWL of at least 5% body weight in high school wrestlers.

It is Time to Ban Rapid Weight Loss from Combat Sports

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1579-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme G. Artioli ◽  
Bryan Saunders ◽  
Rodrigo T. Iglesias ◽  
Emerson Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Combat Sports

scholarly journals Self-reported methods of weight cutting in professional mixed-martial artists: how much are they losing and who is advising them?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungjun Park ◽  
Michelle Alencar ◽  
John Sassone ◽  
Leilani Madrigal ◽  
Alison Ede
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Registered Dietitian ◽  
Study Report ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Rate Of Success

Abstract Background Similar to other combat sports, mixed martial arts (MMA) includes divisional weight classes. The purpose of our research was to further investigate the amount of weight professional MMA fighters lost prior to weighing in for competition, their methods used to cut weight, and their sources of advice on how to cut weight. Methods This survey was administered to 92 male professional MMA athletes. The survey questions included duration of overall weight loss prior to competition, methods of weight-cutting, and their sources of advice regarding weight cutting. Results When comparing the number of methods of weight cutting with the source of advice, those who received their advice from social media used slightly more methods of weight cutting (M = 4.86, SD = 1.27) than those who did not (M = 4.02, SD = 1.55); t(90) = − 2.53, p < .05. MMA athletes that used the help of a registered dietitian nutritionist also reported using the least amount of methods for weight-cutting than any other category (M = 3.84, SD = 1.67). Those that used teammates and did not use a registered dietitian nutritionist used slightly more methods (M = 4.46, SD = 1.41) than those who used a registered dietitian nutritionist. Conclusions The findings of this study report that professional MMA athletes do undergo rapid weight loss through various methods to make weight for competition. This study adds evidence to the literature that most professional MMA athletes undergo RWL for competition without the guidance of a registered dietitian nutritionist. It is unclear what the effect of using a registered dietitian nutritionist may have on an MMA athletes’ ability to reduce weight in a safe and effective manner. Future research should seek to investigate if employing a registered dietitian nutritionist may lead to a higher rate of success for MMA athletes to make weight, and help reduce adverse risks of RWL.

Rapid Weight Loss in Competitive Judo and Taekwondo Athletes: Attitudes and Practices of Coaches and Trainers

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben-El Berkovich ◽  
Aliza H. Stark ◽  
Alon Eliakim ◽  
Dan Nemet ◽  
Tali Sinai
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Years Of Teaching Experience ◽  
Diet Pills ◽  
Weight Loss Process

Fasting, skipping meals, and dehydration are common methods of rapid weight loss used prior to competition in weight category sports. This study examines coaches’ attitudes, perceptions, and practices regarding rapid weight loss among judo and taekwondo athletes. A convenience sample of experienced coaches and trainers (n = 68) completed structured questionnaires. Participants in this study were 33.8 ± 9.3 years old; 57 were males and 11 were females; and 59% were certified coaches, with 71% reporting over 20 years of involvement in sports and 68% having more than 10 years of teaching experience. The majority (90%) reported that they usually supervised athletes through the weight loss process. Interventions for weight loss began at 12.7 ± 1.9 years of age, with a recommended precompetition weight loss duration of 16.2 ± 8.2 days and an average reduction of 1.5 ± 0.7 kg. The majority of the responders (92%) recommended that their athletes practice gradual weight loss methods using a combination of dehydration or increased physical activity (80.3%), sweat suits (50.8%), restricted fluid intake (39.3%), training in heated rooms (27%), and sauna (26.2%). Recommendations of spitting (27.8%) or using laxatives, diuretics, diet pills, or vomiting (21.3%) were also reported. Coaches and trainers often encouraged athletes to cut weight before competition. The methods recommended are potentially harmful with severe health risks, including compromised nutritional status and diminished athletic performance. This is of particular concern in young athletes who are still growing and developing physically. Enhancing knowledge and awareness for coaches, athletes, and parents regarding potential dangers, along with improved nutrition education, is critical for reducing the magnitude and misuse of rapid weight loss methods.

scholarly journals Authors’ Reply to Davis: “It is Time to Ban Rapid Weight Loss from Combat Sports”

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1677-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Giannini Artioli ◽  
Bryan Saunders ◽  
Rodrigo T. Iglesias ◽  
Emerson Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Combat Sports
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