Affect and Cognitive Performance in High School Wrestlers Undergoing Rapid Weight Loss

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Landers ◽  
Shawn M. Arent ◽  
Rafer S. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Study Results

Recent research has demonstrated transient affective changes and impairment of short-term memory in college wrestlers as a result of rapid weight loss (RWL) of at least 5% body weight prior to competition. This study examined the effects of RWL on cognition and affect in high school wrestlers. Wrestlers were considered to be engaging in RWL if they were losing over 5% of body weight (n = 14). Those losing less than 1% of body weight (n = 14) were considered maintainers and served as the control group. Both groups were given a battery of tests assessing cognitive performance (Trail Making Tests A & B, Stroop color-word test, Wechsler digit span, and choice reaction/movement time) and affective state (PANAS) at normal weight (5 to 10 days prior to competition) and again 8 to 12 hours prior to weigh-in. Results indicated an average loss of 4.68 kg in the RWL group and 0.29 kg in the control group. A group-by-time MANOVA and univariate follow-up tests indicated a significant group-by-time interaction for positive affect, p < .014, with the RWL wrestlers having less positive affect than the control group just prior to weigh-in. However, none of the cognitive performance tests demonstrated significant differential changes for RWL vs. control groups, p > .10. Given the control for competition effects in the present study, results suggest there are affective disturbances, but not cognitive impairments, associated with RWL of at least 5% body weight in high school wrestlers.

scholarly journals Body weight recovery after rapid weight loss may relate to meal frequency or time in wrestlers

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Kondo ◽  
Keiko Motonaga ◽  
Satoko Ozawa ◽  
Yoshiko Ishii ◽  
Akiko Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss

Abstract 1818: Beneficial Effects of Weight Loss Associated with a High Protein Diet on Cardiovascular Risk Profile, Functional Status and Quality of Life in Obese Heart Failure Patients: A Feasibility Study

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine S Evangelista ◽  
David Heber ◽  
Zhaoping Li ◽  
Michele Hamilton ◽  
Gregg C Fonarow
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: Clinical management of chronic heart failure (HF) related to adequate nutritional intake currently lacks a strong scientific basis. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of 3 diet interventions on body weight and its potential to reduce cardiovascular risks and improve functional status. METHOD: Fourteen obese HF patients (BMI > 27 kg/m2) were randomized to1 of 3 diets: high protein (HP); low fat (LF) or average diet/control group (CG). Body anthropometrics (weight, BMI, waist circumference), indices of cardiovascular risks including (% body fat, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides), and measures of functional status (6-minute walk, max VO2) were obtained at baseline and after a 12-week nutritional support program. Statistics included two-way RMANOVA. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age (59±10 years), gender (78% male), NYHA (43% class II; 57% class III), HF etiology (57% non-ischemic), or ejection fraction (0.26±0.07) between the groups. The HP diet resulted in moderate reductions in body weight (Figure ) and improvements in several health parameters (Table ). CONCLUSION: The data show that in a small group of obese HF patients, a 12-week HP diet resulted in moderate weight loss that was associated with reduced cardiovascular risks and better functional status. However, the long-term effects of a HP diet remain uncertain. Figure Comparison of Weight Changes in the HP, LF and CG from Baseline to 12 Weeks Mean changes in outcomes from baseline to 12 weeks, by diet group and time

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIALITY FOUND IN DIFFERENT MARKETED POLYHERBAL FORMULATION USING GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED HYPERGLYCAEMIA IN RABBIT

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Pranjal Boruah ◽  
Jashabir Chakraborty ◽  
Suvakanta Dash
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Equivalence ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Single Dosage

Objective: The aim of this study was performed to evaluate Antidiabetic potentiality found in different marketed polyherbal formulation using glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycaemia in the rabbit.Methods: The potentiality of different polyherbal formulation was investigated using dexamethasone (DEX) induced hyperglycaemia in Rabbit. Eight male rabbits were divided into four groups of two each. The first group is regarded as control group received 3 ml of normal saline daily by using the gastric tube for 15 d and remaining three group received (0.35 mg/Kg B.W. single dosage) of dexamethasone tablets which were powdered, dissolved in 3 ml of normal saline daily for 15 d. After 15 d the blood glucose estimated by using a glucometer and it is found that DXE treatment leads to significant increase in levels of glucose and a significant decrease in body weight. After that second group received metformin tablet. The third and fourth group received polyherbal formulation A and formulation B, which are powdered and dissolved in 3 ml of normal saline daily for 15 d at the dose of 0.5 gm/kg body weight orally. After completion of regular administration for 15 d, the blood glucose was again estimated and compare the results of each the group.Conclusion: The Anti-diabetic polyherbal marketed formulations were having less side effect as compared to standard metformin tablet (e. g. body weight loss). And both the polyherbal formulations were found a therapeutic equivalence to each other, also having the approximately similar potentiality to standard metformin tablet.Results: The result was found that the polyherbal marketed formulations were having less side effect as compared to standard metformin tablet (e. g. body weight loss). And both the polyherbal formulations were found significantly decreased in blood glucose level at equal potentiality, which can be consider as therapeutic equivalence to each other, and both the formulation also having the approximately similar potentiality to standard metformin tablet. 

Effects of Rapid Weight Loss on Balance and Reaction Time in Elite Judo Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1371-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Morales ◽  
Carla Ubasart ◽  
Mónica Solana-Tramunt ◽  
Israel Villarrasa-Sapiña ◽  
Luis-Millán González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Experimental Group

Balance, reaction time, and strength are key factors affecting judo performance. Although ample research has been done examining potential strength changes caused by weight loss prior to competition, changes in balance and reaction time have been overlooked. Purpose: To examine the effects of rapid and progressive weight loss (RWL and PWL) on balance, reaction time, and strength in a group of elite judo athletes. Methods: A total of 38 female and male judo athletes (age = 20.6 [2.6] y) completed balance, reaction-time, and strength assessments 1 wk prior to an official weigh-in (pretest) and immediately after the weigh-in (posttest). The athletes were divided into 3 groups, 1 control group who maintained regular training and eating habits, 1 experimental group who engaged in PWL (<3% reductions in body mass), and a second experimental group who used RWL techniques (>3% reductions in body mass). Results: The RWL group showed significant decreases (P < .05) in balance performance (ellipse area: 4.83 [0.87] vs 6.31 [1.39] mm2 with eyes closed; mean mediolateral velocity: 2.07 [0.2] vs 2.52 [0.45] mm·s−1 with eyes closed; and mean anteroposterior velocity: 2.25 [0.20] vs 2.51 [0.32] mm·s−1 with eyes open and 2.44 [0.26] vs 3.06 [0.56] mm·s−1 with eyes closed) and reaction time (0.38 [0.04] vs 0.42 [0.06] s) with no changes in strength from pretesting to posttesting. The athletes in the PWL and control groups maintained performance in all variables. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate negative effects on perceptual motor-skill performance in judo athletes engaging in RWL strategies prior to competition.

scholarly journals Lipolysis defect in white adipose tissue and rapid weight regain

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. E185-E193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kasher-Meron ◽  
Dou Y. Youn ◽  
Haihong Zong ◽  
Jeffery E. Pessin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Serine Phosphorylation ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Period

Weight regain after weight loss is a well-described phenomenon in both humans and animal models of obesity. Reduced energy expenditure and increased caloric intake are considered the main drivers of weight regain. We hypothesized that adipose tissue with obesity memory (OM) has a tissue-autonomous lipolytic defect, allowing for increased efficiency of lipid storage. We utilized a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, which was subjected to 60% caloric restriction to achieve lean body weight, followed by a short period of high-fat diet (HFD) rechallenge. Age-matched lean mice fed HFD for the first time were used as the control group. Upon rechallenge with HFD, mice with OM had higher respiratory exchange ratios than lean mice with no OM despite comparable body weight, suggesting higher utilization of glucose over fatty acid oxidation. White adipose tissue explants with OM had comparable lipolytic response after caloric restriction; however, reduced functional lipolytic response to norepinephrine was noted as early as 5 days after rechallenge with HFD and was accompanied by reduction in hormone-sensitive lipase serine phosphorylation. The relative lipolytic defect was associated with increased expression of inflammatory genes and a decrease in adrenergic receptor genes, most notably Adrb3. Taken together, white adipose tissue of lean mice with OM shows increased sensitization to HFD compared with white adipose tissue with no OM, rendering it resistant to catecholamine-induced lipolysis. This relative lipolytic defect is tissue-autonomous and could play a role in the rapid weight regain observed after weight loss.

Worksite weight management program

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Pei Kong ◽  
Linda Jok ◽  
Azlee Bin Ayub ◽  
Rawa Ak Bau
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Worksite Intervention

Purpose This study aims to pilot test a new multi-component worksite intervention for weight loss in a primary healthcare setting. Design/methodology/approach This randomized trial involved 88 participants (43, 45; intervention, control group). The intervention group enrolled in a 12-week lifestyle program that involved modification of dietary intake by community Registered Dietitian (RDs) and increasing high-intensity interval training (HITT) with motivational interviewing (MI) to support changes. The control group received traditional counselling and weekly aerobic exercise from Medical Officer and physiotherapist. The primary outcome measure was the changes in body weight. Secondary measures were changes in blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, fasting blood lipid and dietary changes. Assessments were repeated at a three-month interval. Findings There was a significant reduction in body weight and waist circumference within groups. Intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in all cardiometabolic risk factors. This study showed that primary healthcare setting can be successful locations in promoting short-term health benefits. RDs were more successful and HITT appeared to be a favorable workout with MI in achieving drastic weight loss. Research limitations/implications The short-term worksite intervention and not recording of body composition were the major drawbacks in this study. Originality/value The efficacy of multi-component worksite intervention (Diet–HITT–MI) in primary healthcare setting has not been clearly defined.

scholarly journals During Rapid Weight Loss in Obese Children, Reductions in TSH Predict Improvements in Insulin Sensitivity Independent of Changes in Body Weight or Fat

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 5412-5418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Aeberli ◽  
Andreas Jung ◽  
Stefanie B. Murer ◽  
Johannes Wildhaber ◽  
Joanne Wildhaber-Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Obese Children

New GvHD Mouse Model for Assessing Both Acute and Chronic Phase of the Disease.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 5166-5166
Author(s):  
Oktawiusz Wiecha ◽  
Witold Miezynski ◽  
Leszek Wojakiewicz ◽  
Anna Zebzda ◽  
Anna Wedrychowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Survival Function ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Abstract Graft versus host disease (GvHD) is still a very serious problem in hematopoietic stem cells transplantation which makes searching for new possibilities of its prevention and treatment necessary. Animal models are very useful tools for such research. We present a mouse model of GvHD allowing observation of both acute and chronic phase of the disease. C57Bl/6 mice (H-2b) were transplanted, one day after ablative TBI with 5×106 BM cells and 4×106 or 10×106 splenocytes isolated from allogeneic C3H. He (H-2k) or from syngeneic animals. Sex mismatched transplants were performed and chimerism of transplanted animals was confirmed by detection of sry gene with PCR. As a control group for blood examination after transplantation C3H syngeneic transplantations were performed. After transplantation, mice were weighted and physically examined by looking for changes in skin, posture, physical activity and peripheral blood parameters. Histopathological examination was performed on day +8, +16, +31 in some of the animals. Autopsy was also performed on mice which died during the experiment or which body weight decreased below 65% of the initial weight. We observed a characteristic pattern of physical symptoms of GvHD including weight loss, skin desquamation, hunching and loss of activity, diarrhea. Weight loss to 88.2% of the initial body weight on day +7 was followed by a return to the initial weight (101.1%) on day +14 and then another decrease either strong and leading to the death of the animal or moderate and leading to a long time plateau (the average body weight on days +31, +59 and +101 was 94.4%, 91.7% and 93.6%). On day +7 desquamation of the skin of paws was very well visible and since day +10 gradually intensifying desquamative changes of the skin of whole body were observed - the mean level of changes in the population was highest on days +21 to + 24. Interestingly areas of the skin which were nude before TBI and transplantation were affected earlier (changes were visible on day +7) and more severly than other regions of the skin suggesting that local more intensive damage caused by irradiation can locally aggravate the course of GvHD. The physical symptoms were accompanied with histopathological changes of liver, skin, spleen and gut. Neither physical nor histopathological symptoms of the disease were observed in mice transplanted with syngeneic cells. In fluorocytometric analysis of peripherial blood performed on days +17, +31 and +45 severe lymphopenia was observed. The average number of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ and B220+ cells was strongly decreased in animals transplanted with allogeneic cells as compared to syngeneic graft recipients. At the same time expression of CD69 activation antigen on CD4+ and CD8+ cells was strongly increased in allograft recipients as compared to syngeneic controls. The course of the disease, including weight loss and skin changes, was generally less severe in the population of mice transplanted with BM + 4×106 splenocytes as compared to BM + 10×106 of splenocytes recipients. The 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles of survival function for both populations were162, 301, 405 and 45, 88, 277 days, respectively.

The feasibility and utility of a protein sparing modified fast (PSMF) in obese endometrial cancer survivors: A pilot study.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 170-170
Author(s):  
Thomas Patrick Lawler ◽  
Mary Beth Kavanagh ◽  
Christa Irene Nagel ◽  
Kristen Taylor Ruckstuhl ◽  
Sareena Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Protein Sparing ◽  
Lipid Panel

170 Background: Endometrial cancer affects 50,000 women a year. Obesity plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer. Obese endometrial cancer survivors (ECS) are at significant lifetime risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), recurrence and death. There are no prospective studies examining the role of diet only in attempting to achieve weight loss in obese ECS. Protein sparing modified fast (PSMF), an approach to rapid weight loss, has been used to treat obesity in a safe manner. A pilot study is underway to investigate the feasibility of a PSMF for weight loss in this high risk population. Methods: To date, seven obese (BMI > 30kg/m^2) ECS have been placed on a PSMF under the supervision of a physician and dietitian. Patients provided demographic information and Obesity Quality of Life (OQOL) questionnaire. Comprehensive metabolic panel with lipid panel and biomarkers of inflammation were drawn. Patients were instructed to eliminate carbohydrate containing foods and to augment with 1.2g/kg of protein per obesity-adjusted ideal body weight. Primary objectives are: total weight loss, subject retention, compliance, side effects, QOL and alterations in markers of obesity and inflammation. Results: The median age of the patient group was 56 years. Median baseline weight was 292.4 pounds (185.9-369). Median BMI was 44.5 kg/m2 (37.5-61.4). Mean baseline leptin level was 54.3 ng/ml (normal: 2.5-21.8). Mean baseline C-reactive protein level, a strong marker for CVD, was 4.574 (high risk for CVD > 3). At 4 weeks median percent body weight lost was -6.48% (5.19%-7.00%). At 3 months the median loss nearly doubled to -13% (8.31%-14.11%). Significant reduction in CRP and leptin occurred in 2 patients: mean decrease was 3.9 and 28 points respectively. Conclusions: Our early data demonstrate that significant weight loss in obese endometrial cancer survivors is achievable in a standard outpatient gynecologic oncology practice. While long term follow up data and elucidation of the true significance of improvement in serum inflammatory markers are needed, we do know that even a 5-10% loss of body weight can lead to substantial improvement in CVD and diabetes risk.

scholarly journals Human Plasma Ghrelin Levels Increase during a One-Year Exercise Program

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 820-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Foster-Schubert ◽  
Anne McTiernan ◽  
R. Scott Frayo ◽  
Robert S. Schwartz ◽  
Kumar B. Rajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inhibitory Input ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Fitness

Weight loss resulting from decreased caloric intake raises levels of the orexigenic hormone, ghrelin. Because ingested nutrients suppress ghrelin, increased ghrelin levels in hypophagic weight loss may result from decreased inhibitory input by ingested food, rather than from lost weight. We assessed whether ghrelin levels increase in response to exercise-induced weight loss without decreased caloric intake. We randomized 173 sedentary, overweight, postmenopausal women to an aerobic exercise intervention or stretching control group. At baseline, 3 months, and 12 months, we measured body weight and composition, food intake, cardiopulmonary fitness (maximal oxygen consumption), leptin, insulin, and ghrelin. Complete data were available for 168 women (97%) at 12 months. Exercisers lost 1.4 ± 0.4 kg (P &lt; 0.05 compared with baseline; P = 0.01 compared with stretchers) and manifested a significant, progressive increase in ghrelin levels, whereas neither measure changed among stretchers. Ghrelin increased 18% in exercisers who lost more than 3 kg (P &lt; 0.001). There was no change in caloric intake in either group and no effect on ghrelin of exercise per se independent of its impact on body weight. In summary, ghrelin levels increase with weight loss achieved without reduced food intake, consistent with a role for ghrelin in the adaptive response constraining weight loss and, thus, in long-term body weight regulation.

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