scholarly journals The Speed of Ingestion of a Sugary Beverage Has an Effect on the Acute Metabolic Response to Fructose

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1916
Author(s):  
Mehmet Kanbay ◽  
Begum Guler ◽  
Lale A. Ertuglu ◽  
Tuncay Dagel ◽  
Baris Afsar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fibroblast Growth

Background: The consumption of sweetened beverages is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: We hypothesized that the metabolic effects of fructose in sugary beverages might be modulated by the speed of ingestion in addition to the overall amount. Design: Thirty healthy subjects free of any disease and medication were recruited into two groups. After overnight fasting, subjects in group 1 drank 500 mL of apple juice over an hour by drinking 125 mL every 15 min, while subjects in group 2 drank 500 mL of apple juice over 5 min. Blood samples were collected at time zero and 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after ingestion to be analyzed for serum glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) score, fibroblast growth factor 21, copeptin, osmolarity, sodium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate, uric acid, and phosphate levels. Results: Serum glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, fibroblast growth factor 21, copeptin, osmolarity, sodium, BUN, and lactate levels increased following apple juice ingestion. The increases were greater in the fast-drinking group, which were more significant after 15 min and 30 min compared to baseline. The changes in uric acid were not statistically different between the groups. Phosphate levels significantly increased only in the fast-drinking group. Conclusion: Fast ingestion of 100% apple juice causes a significantly greater metabolic response, which may be associated with negative long-term outcomes. Our findings suggest that the rate of ingestion must be considered when evaluating the metabolic impacts of sweetened beverage consumption.

scholarly journals Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and the Adaptive Response to Nutritional Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Úrsula Martínez-Garza ◽  
Daniel Torres-Oteros ◽  
Alex Yarritu-Gallego ◽  
Pedro F. Marrero ◽  
Diego Haro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
The Impact

The Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) is considered an attractive therapeutic target for obesity and obesity-related disorders due to its beneficial effects in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. FGF21 response is essential under stressful conditions and its metabolic effects depend on the inducer factor or stress condition. FGF21 seems to be the key signal which communicates and coordinates the metabolic response to reverse different nutritional stresses and restores the metabolic homeostasis. This review is focused on describing individually the FGF21-dependent metabolic response activated by some of the most common nutritional challenges, the signal pathways triggering this response, and the impact of this response on global homeostasis. We consider that this is essential knowledge to identify the potential role of FGF21 in the onset and progression of some of the most prevalent metabolic pathologies and to understand the potential of FGF21 as a target for these diseases. After this review, we conclude that more research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the role of FGF21 in macronutrient preference and food intake behavior, but also in β-klotho regulation and the activity of the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) to uncover its therapeutic potential as a way to increase the FGF21 signaling.

scholarly journals Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Are Correlated with the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Lin ◽  
Ye-cheng Xiao ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Qing-yan Xu ◽  
Lei Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fibroblast Growth

The aim of the study was to assess serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) concentrations in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with and without retinopathy and to assess the association between FGF21 and the severity of retinopathy. 117 diabetic patients were compared with 68 healthy controls. Fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum insulin, and serum FGF21 levels were estimated. FGF21 concentrations in the patients were significantly higher than those in control. In the patient group there was a significant positive correlation between FGF21, insulin level, and homeostasis model assessment index. Serum FGF21 concentrations in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy or nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy were significantly higher than those in patients without diabetic retinopathy. When the presence of diabetes was defined as the final variable in the conditional logistic regression model with the FGF21 concentration as the continuous variable, FGF21 was significantly involved in the model. This study shows that the increase in serum concentration of FGF21 was associated with the severity of diabetic retinopathy and suggests that FGF21 may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and its degree.

scholarly journals Increased Circulating and Epicardial Adipose Tissue mRNA Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 After Cardiac Surgery: Possible Role in Postoperative Inflammatory Response and Insulin Resistance

2011 ◽  
pp. 757-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. KOTULÁK ◽  
J. DRÁPALOVÁ ◽  
P. KOPECKÝ ◽  
Z. LACINOVÁ ◽  
P. KRAMÁŘ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Baseline Serum

We studied the changes in serum fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) concentrations, its mRNA, and protein expression in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of 15 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Blood samples were obtained: prior to initiation of anesthesia, prior to the start of extracorporeal circulation, upon completion of the surgery, and 6, 24, 48, and 96 hours after the end of the surgery. Tissue sampling was performed at the start and end of surgery. The mean baseline serum FGF-21 concentration was 63.1 (43.03-113.95) pg/ml and it increased during surgery with peak 6 hours after its end [385.5 (274.55-761.65) pg/ml, p<0.001], and returned to baseline value [41.4 (29.15-142.83) pg/ml] 96 hours after the end of the surgery. Serum glucose, insulin, CRP, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-alpha concentrations significantly increased during the surgery. Baseline FGF-21 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle was higher than in both adipose tissue depots and it was not affected by the surgery. Epicardial fat FGF-21 mRNA increased after surgery. Muscle FGF-21 mRNA positively correlated with blood glucose levels at the end of the surgery. Our data suggest a possible role of FGF-21 in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in surgery-related stress.

scholarly journals Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21), Free Fatty Acid (FFA), High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) Among Indonesian Obese Non-Diabetic Males

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yani Lina ◽  
Gatot Susilo Lawrence ◽  
Andi Wijaya ◽  
Suryani As'ad
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is known as an important endocrine and paracrine regulator of metabolic homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that FGF21 attenuates lipolysis in human adipocytes, which is suggested as a FGF21's mechanism as anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hyperglycemia and anti-obesity. The aim of this study was to measure the correlation between FGF21, FFA, hsCRP and HOMA-IR among Indonesian obese non diabetic males.METHOD: The study was observational with cross sectional design. The analysis was done in 137 subjects aged 30-60 years with non diabetic abdominal obesity. We measured the biochemical markers FGF21, FFA, hsCRP, fasting insulin and fasting glucose. We also measured weight, height, waist circumrefence (WC), creatinine, serum glutamin oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Correlation between markers was measured using Pearson and Spearman's analysis.  RESULT: There were significant positive correlations between FGF21-HOMA-IR (r=0.314, p=0.000); FGF21-WC (r=0.173, p=0.043); FFA=hsCRP (r=0.270, p=0.001); and WC-HOMA-IR (r=0.279, p=0.001). There was significant negative correlation between FGF21-FFA (r=-0.038, p=0.657) and FGF21-hsCRP (r=-0.061, p=0.482). CONCLUSION: In this study we found that although there was no significant correlation, FGF21 might act as an anti-lipolytic and anti-inflammation agent among Indonesian obese non-diabetic males. Our findings agree with results of previous studies that the positive correlation between FGF21-WC and FGF21-HOMA-IR moght occur as a compensatory mechanism or resistance to FGF21 in obesity.KEYWORDS: Obesity, FGF21, FFA, hsCRP, HOMA-IR

scholarly journals Novel Adipokine Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Increased in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2012 ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. HULEJOVÁ ◽  
L. ANDRÉS CEREZO ◽  
M. KUKLOVÁ ◽  
O. PECHA ◽  
T. VONDRÁČEK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Reactive Protein

Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) has been recently characterized as a new adipokine. The aim of this study was to assess FGF-21 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) and to study the relationship between FGF-21, disease activity and metabolic status. The levels of FGF-21 in serum and synovial fluid samples from 38 patients with RA and 42 control individuals with OA were determined by ELISA. Patients were assessed for disease activity using the disease activity score (DAS28), a serum glucose and lipid profile. Age, sex and BMI-adjusted FGF-21 levels in the serum (p=0.024) and synovial fluid (p=0.010) samples were significantly higher in patients with RA when compared with OA. The levels of FGF-21 in the serum significantly correlated with the levels in the synovial fluid. Serum and synovial fluid FGF-21 levels adjusted for confounders correlated positively with C-reactive protein. The levels of FGF-21 were positively correlated with BMI in patients with RA; however, the levels were not associated with disease activity or lipid profiles. Furthermore, serum FGF-21 levels were significantly higher in seropositive compared with seronegative RA patients. This work shows that patients with seropositive RA have increased levels of FGF-21. The results suggest that FGF-21 is related to BMI but not disease activity or lipid profiles in patients with RA.

scholarly journals Fibroblast growth factor 21 is required for beneficial effects of exercise during chronic high-fat feeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Loyd ◽  
I. Jack Magrisso ◽  
Michael Haas ◽  
Sowmya Balusu ◽  
Radha Krishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucagon Receptor ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Physiological Tests

Exercise is an effective therapy against the metabolic syndrome. However, the molecular pathways underlying the advantageous effects of exercise are elusive. Glucagon receptor signaling is essential for exercise benefits, and recent evidence indicates that a downstream effector of glucagon, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), is implicated in this response. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that FGF21 action is necessary in mediating metabolic effects of exercise. We utilized acute exhaustive treadmill exercise in Wistar rats to identify a putative, concomitant increase in plasma glucagon and FGF21 with the increase in glucose and lactate following exercise. To test the necessity of FGF21 action in the exercise response, we exposed FGF21 congenitally deficient mice ( Fgf21 −/−) and their wild-type (Wt) littermates to chronic high-fat (HF) feeding and inoperable (sedentary) or operable (exercise) voluntary running wheels. Physiological tests were performed to assess the role of FGF21 in the beneficial effect of exercise on glucose metabolism. Wt and Fgf21 −/− littermates exhibited similar running behavior, and exercise was effective in suppressing weight and fat mass gain and dyslipidemia independently of genotype. However, exercise failed to positively affect hepatic triglyceride content and glucose tolerance in HF diet-fed Fgf21 −/− mice. Furthermore, Fgf21 −/− mice exhibited an impaired adaptation to exercise training, including reduced AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle. This study demonstrates that FGF21 action is necessary to achieve the full metabolic benefits of exercise during chronic HF feeding.

scholarly journals SUN-372 Deterioration of Bone Microarchitecture in Prediabetes Is Partly Mediated Through Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David T W Lui ◽  
Chi Ho Lee ◽  
Vicky W K Chau ◽  
Carol H Y Fong ◽  
Kristy M Y Yeung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Trabecular Bone Score ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Chinese Postmenopausal Women

Abstract Introduction: Prediabetes has been reported to be associated with a worse trabecular bone score (TBS). Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels are raised in prediabetes and other insulin-resistant states, and FGF21 has been reported to be implicated in bone metabolism. We compared the bone mineral density (BMD) and TBS between prediabetes and normoglycemia, and studied the correlation of FGF21 with BMD and TBS. Method: Chinese postmenopausal women aged between 55 and 80 and without type 2 diabetes were recruited from the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study between November 2016 and October 2018. Participants were excluded if they were already on anti-osteoporosis therapy, had secondary causes of osteoporosis, had body mass index (BMI) &lt;15 or &gt;37 kg/m2 (when TBS measurement may not be accurate), or had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;30mL/min. They were divided into prediabetes (defined by fasting glucose ≥5.6mmol/L or HbA1c ≥5.7%) and normoglycemia. BMD and TBS were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum FGF21 levels were measured with an in-house ELISA kit. Results: 258 participants were included (130 prediabetes and 128 normoglycemia), with a mean age of 61.5±5.1years and mean BMI of 24.2±3.7kg/m2. BMD over lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip were all comparable between prediabetes and normoglycaemia, while TBS was lower in prediabetes (1.27±0.07 vs 1.30±0.07, p=0.007), which remained significant after adjustment for age and BMI. Serum FGF21 levels did not correlate with BMD but inversely correlated with TBS. On multiple linear regression models, serum FGF21 levels showed an independent inverse correlation with TBS (standardized beta -0.13, p=0.031), which remained significant with the inclusion of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the model. Conclusion: Among Chinese postmenopausal women, bone quality was worse in prediabetes despite comparable bone density. Serum FGF21 levels showed a significant independent correlation with TBS, suggesting the potential impact of FGF21 on the deterioration of the bone microarchitecture in prediabetes.

scholarly journals Nutritional regulation of fibroblast growth factor 21: from macronutrients to bioactive dietary compounds

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Pérez-Martí ◽  
Viviana Sandoval ◽  
Pedro F. Marrero ◽  
Diego Haro ◽  
Joana Relat
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Nutritional Regulation ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Brown Adipose

AbstractObesity is a worldwide health problem mainly due to its associated comorbidities. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a peptide hormone involved in metabolic homeostasis in healthy individuals and considered a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of obesity. FGF21 is predominantly produced by the liver but also by other tissues, such as white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), skeletal muscle, and pancreas in response to different stimuli such as cold and different nutritional challenges that include fasting, high-fat diets (HFDs), ketogenic diets, some amino acid-deficient diets, low protein diets, high carbohydrate diets or specific dietary bioactive compounds. Its target tissues are essentially WAT, BAT, skeletal muscle, heart and brain. The effects of FGF21 in extra hepatic tissues occur through the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-1c together with the co-receptor β-klotho (KLB). Mechanistically, FGF21 interacts directly with the extracellular domain of the membrane bound cofactor KLB in the FGF21- KLB-FGFR complex to activate FGFR substrate 2α and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Mice lacking KLB are resistant to both acute and chronic effects of FGF21. Moreover, the acute insulin sensitizing effects of FGF21 are also absent in mice with specific deletion of adipose KLB or FGFR1. Most of the data show that pharmacological administration of FGF21 has metabolic beneficial effects. The objective of this review is to compile existing information about the mechanisms that could allow the control of endogenous FGF21 levels in order to obtain the beneficial metabolic effects of FGF21 by inducing its production instead of doing it by pharmacological administration.

scholarly journals Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel metabolic regulator with potential therapeutic properties in obesity/type 2 diabetes mellitus

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Dostálová ◽  
D Haluzíková ◽  
M Haluzík
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a novel metabolic regulator produced primarily by the liver that exerts potent antidiabetic and lipid-lowering effects in animal models of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This hormone contributes to body weight regulation and is strongly involved in the response to nutritional deprivation and ketogenic state in mice. The principal sites of metabolic actions of FGF21 are adipose tissue, liver and pancreas. Experimental studies have shown marked improvements in diabetes compensation and dyslipidemia after FGF21 administration in diabetic mice and primates. Positive metabolic actions of FGF21 without the presence of apparent side effects make this factor a hot candidate to treat type 2 diabetes and accompanying metabolic diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the metabolic effects of FGF21 including some preliminary data on changes of its levels in humans with a special emphasis on its therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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