scholarly journals Changes of Exercise, Screen Time, Fast Food Consumption, Alcohol, and Cigarette Smoking during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Adults in the United States

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3359
Author(s):  
Liwei Chen ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Tong Xia ◽  
Timothy A. Matthews ◽  
Tung-Sung Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on multiple lifestyle changes among adults in the United States (USA). Methods: We conducted a survey, the Health, Ethnicity, and Pandemic (HEAP) Study, in October 2020 among USA adults. Participants were selected from the United States using 48 sampling strata, including age, race, ethnicity, education, and gender, and were asked to report five lifestyle behaviors (i.e., exercise time, screen time, fast-food meal consumption, alcohol drinking, and cigarette smoking) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The associations of sociodemographic factors with each lifestyle change were estimated using weighted multivariable logistic regression models. Results: All 2709 HEAP participants were included in this study. Compared to pre-pandemic, the time spent on exercise decreased (32.06 vs. 38.65 min/day; p < 0.001) and screen time increased (6.79 vs. 5.06 h/day; p < 0.001) during the pandemic. The percentage of individuals who reported consuming fast-food meals ≥3 times/week decreased from 37.7% before the pandemic to 33.3% during the pandemic. The percentage of heavy drinkers (≥5 times/week) increased from 20.9% before the pandemic to 25.7% during the pandemic. Among smokers, heavy smoking (≥11 cigarettes/day) increased from 5.8% before the pandemic to 7.9% during the pandemic. We also identified subgroups who were more vulnerable to adverse influences from the pandemic, including racial/ethnic minority groups and young adults. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic had negative impacts on multiple lifestyle behaviors among Americans. Mitigating such negative impacts of COVID-19 requires effective interventions, particularly for some vulnerable subgroups.

Comparison of the effect of cigarette smoke on mesenchymal stem cells and dental stem cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Nguyen ◽  
Tamer Alpagot ◽  
Heesoo Oh ◽  
David Ojcius ◽  
Nan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
The United States ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
Dental Stem Cells ◽  
The Impact

The persistent prevalence of cigarette smoking continues to contribute to preventable disease and death in the United States. Although much is known about the deleterious systemic effects of cigarette smoke and nicotine, some clinically relevant areas still remain unclear, such as the impact of cigarette smoke and nicotine on stem cells and the subsequent implications in regenerative medicine. This review focuses on recent studies on the effect of cigarette smoke and one of its deleterious components nicotine on mesenchymal stem cells, with an emphasis on dental stem cells.

scholarly journals American Society of Clinical Oncology Position Statement on Obesity and Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (31) ◽  
pp. 3568-3574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Ligibel ◽  
Catherine M. Alfano ◽  
Kerry S. Courneya ◽  
Wendy Demark-Wahnefried ◽  
Robert A. Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Oncology ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
American Society ◽  
Obesity And Cancer ◽  
The Impact

Rates of obesity have increased significantly over the last three decades in the United States and globally. In addition to contributing to heart disease and diabetes, obesity is a major unrecognized risk factor for cancer. Obesity is associated with worsened prognosis after cancer diagnosis and also negatively affects the delivery of systemic therapy, contributes to morbidity of cancer treatment, and may raise the risk of second malignancies and comorbidities. Research shows that the time after a cancer diagnosis can serve as a teachable moment to motivate individuals to adopt risk-reducing behaviors. For this reason, the oncology care team—the providers with whom a patient has the closest relationships in the critical period after a cancer diagnosis—is in a unique position to help patients lose weight and make other healthy lifestyle changes. The American Society of Clinical Oncology is committed to reducing the impact of obesity on cancer and has established a multipronged initiative to accomplish this goal by 1) increasing education and awareness of the evidence linking obesity and cancer; 2) providing tools and resources to help oncology providers address obesity with their patients; 3) building and fostering a robust research agenda to better understand the pathophysiology of energy balance alterations, evaluate the impact of behavior change on cancer outcomes, and determine the best methods to help cancer survivors make effective and useful changes in lifestyle behaviors; and 4) advocating for policy and systems change to address societal factors contributing to obesity and improve access to weight management services for patients with cancer.

scholarly journals Self-reported history of intensity of smoking is associated with risk factors for suicide among high school students

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251099
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Dasagi ◽  
Dale S. Mantey ◽  
Melissa B. Harrell ◽  
Anna V. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Students ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

Objective To examine the relationship between current cigarette smoking patterns and three established risk factors for suicide using nationally representative data of high school students in the United States. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data from the national Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (YRBSS)–United States, 2017. Multivariable, logistic regressions examined the association between 3 cigarette smoking behaviors [i.e., past 30-day cigarette (n = 13,731), frequent (n = 1,093) and heavy (n = 880) smoking] and 3 risk factors for suicidal outcomes [feeling sad or hopeless, suicidal ideation, suicide plan] assessed over the previous year. Results Among high school cigarette smokers, smoking 11 or more cigarettes per day (i.e., heavy smoking) was associated with 3.43 (95% CI: 1.69, 6.94) greater odds of reporting feeling sad or hopeless, 2.97 (95% CI: 1.60, 5.51) greater odds of reporting suicidal ideations, and 2.11 (95% CI: 1.34, 3.32) greater odds of reporting having ever planned a suicide attempt, controlling for covariates. Conclusions Our study shows that it is not simply cigarette smoking, but heavy cigarette smoking that is a risk factor for suicidal outcomes among adolescents. Public health implications A comprehensive plan is needed to accommodate heavy adolescent smokers who are at increased suicidal risk.

scholarly journals How trade affects the US produce industry: the case of fresh tomatoes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Sheng Li ◽  
Feng Wu ◽  
Zhengfei Guan ◽  
Tianyuan Luo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Market Price ◽  
The United States ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Us ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Fresh Tomato ◽  
The Impact

The US produce industry faces intensifying competition from imports, particularly those from Mexico, the largest exporter of produce to the United States. Fresh produce imports from Mexico have grown dramatically in recent years. This study examines the impact of increasing fresh tomato imports from Mexico on market price and revenue of US growers. Results show that tomato prices are highly sensitive to supply, suggesting a saturated market. Imports from Mexico have significant negative impacts on the prices of US domestic tomatoes. A scenario of 50% increase in tomato imports from Mexico could result in a $252 million (27%) revenue loss for American growers, thus posing great challenges to the sustainability of the declining US tomato industry.

scholarly journals Among whom is cigarette smoking declining in the United States? The impact of cannabis use status, 2002–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren R. Pacek ◽  
Jan Copeland ◽  
Lisa Dierker ◽  
Chinazo O. Cunningham ◽  
Silvia S. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impacts of Automation on Present Weather–Type Observing Capabilities across the Conterminous United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2699-2715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Landolt ◽  
Joshua S. Lave ◽  
Darcy Jacobson ◽  
Andrew Gaydos ◽  
Stephanie DiVito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weather Type ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Weather Observations ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Erroneous Data ◽  
Observing Systems

AbstractIn the 1990s, the National Weather Service and the Federal Aviation Administration began deploying the Automated Surface Observing Systems (ASOS). These systems provided the capability to report real-time weather observations, including some types of present weather, as frequently as once every minute. Over 900 of these ASOS stations were installed across the United States, replacing most of the human observers. Despite the benefits offered, many issues were noted, including the inability to discern and report certain precipitation types, particularly drizzle, freezing drizzle, and ice pellets. These and other issues resulted in human observers being retained at roughly 130 ASOS airport locations around the country where high-quality weather observations are essential because of air traffic volume or other factors. The human observers at these locations work in conjunction with the ASOS, manually augmenting the automated weather observations when the ASOS provides erroneous data or when an ASOS observation is missing. To assess the impact of automation on present weather observations, the differences in present weather reports for two decades will be highlighted: 1979–88 (when only human observers reported the present weather observations) and 2005–14 (after the full ASOS network became operational). Comparisons between the decades will be further analyzed to determine the differences at the ASOS locations at which human observers were retained in the later decade, as well as the ASOS locations at which no humans were retained. Both the positive and negative impacts of automation, with an emphasis on aviation impacts, are presented.

scholarly journals Estimating the Impact of Raising Prices and Eliminating Discounts on Cigarette Smoking Prevalence in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy L. Marynak ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Carissa Baker Holmes ◽  
Michael A. Tynan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of COVID-19 on US and International Retina Specialists, Their Practices, and Their Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 247412642110341
Author(s):  
Paul Hahn ◽  
Jill F. Blim ◽  
Kirk Packo ◽  
J. Michael Jumper ◽  
Timothy Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Physician Employment ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: This work analyzes data from a series of surveys developed by the American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS) that assesses the impact of COVID-19 on physicians, their practices, and their patients. Methods: Five surveys were sent by the ASRS between March and July 2020 to more than 2600 US and international retina specialists. Data and trends from these surveys were analyzed. Results: Most responding retina specialists (87%-95% in the United States and internationally) reported having no known COVID-related symptoms despite reported limitations in personal protective equipment. Clinic volumes globally were drastically reduced in March 2020 with only partial recovery through July 2020, which was slower internationally than in the United States. Practices were compelled to reduce staff and physician employment levels. Most respondents estimated some degree of delay in patient treatment with corresponding declines in vision and/or anatomy that were attributed most frequently to patients’ fears of the pandemic and least frequently to office unavailability. Conclusions: The reported impact of COVID-19 on retina specialists, their practices, and their patients has been substantial. Although retina specialists were quickly resilient in optimizing delivery of patient care in a manner safe for patients and providers, the reduction in clinic volume has been devastating in the United States and internationally, with negative impacts on patient outcomes, reductions in practices’ volume and employment, and risk to practices’ financial health. Future studies will be required to quantify losses associated with these unprecedented and ongoing circumstances caused by the pandemic.

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