scholarly journals Patient Nutrition and Probiotic Therapy in COVID-19: What Do We Know in 2021?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3385
Author(s):  
Viktoria Hawryłkowicz ◽  
Danuta Lietz-Kijak ◽  
Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka ◽  
Joanna Sołek-Pastuszka ◽  
Laura Stachowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cytokine Cascade ◽  
Daily Calorie Intake

Background: The main nutritional consequences of COVID-19 include reduced food intake, hypercatabolism, and rapid muscle wasting. Some studies showed that malnutrition is a significant problem among patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection, and the outcome of patients with SARS-CoV-2 is strongly associated with their nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to collect useful information about the possible elements of nutritional and probiotic therapy in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Methods: A narrative review of the literature, including studies published up to 13 September 2021. Results: Probiotics may support patients by inhibiting the ACE2 receptor, i.e., the passage of the virus into the cell, and may also be effective in suppressing the immune response caused by the proinflammatory cytokine cascade. In patients’ diet, it is crucial to ensure an adequate intake of micronutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids (at 2–4 g/d), selenium (300–450 μg/d) and zinc (30–50 mg/d), and vitamins A (900–700 µg/d), E (135 mg/d), D (20,000–50,000 IU), C (1–2 g/d), B6, and B12. Moreover, the daily calorie intake should amount to ≥1500–2000 with 75–100 g of protein. Conclusion: In conclusion, the treatment of gut dysbiosis involving an adequate intake of prebiotic dietary fiber and probiotics could turn out to be an immensely helpful instrument for immunomodulation, both in COVID-19 patients and prophylactically in individuals with no history of infection.

Long Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intervention in Ageing Adults at Risk of Dementia Following Repeated Head Trauma. Low-Level Support or an Opportunity for an Unanswered Question?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
C.S. Patch ◽  
E.L. Hill-Yardin ◽  
L. Ryan ◽  
E. Daly ◽  
A.J. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
History Of

Emerging evidence of brain injury on risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) have resulted in interest in therapeutic potential of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3FA). We conducted a systematic review of n-3FA therapeutic efficacy for ageing adults at risk of AD/CTE following a history of repeated head trauma. Databases for articles between 1980-June 2020 were examined for studies reporting on n-3 FAs in adults (≥ 45 years) with a history of repeated brain injury. Following an initial screen of 175 articles, 12 studies were considered but were eventually rejected, as they did not meet inclusion criteria. Our review could find no evidence to support, or disprove, effectiveness of n-3FA intervention in older adults with a history of head trauma. With animal studies showing neuro-restorative potential of n-3FA following brain injury, this review highlights the urgent need for human research in this area.

Omega-3 fatty acids and changes in LBM: alone or in synergy for better muscle health?

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron McDonald ◽  
Judy Bauer ◽  
Sandra Capra
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Balance Energy ◽  
Muscle Health ◽  
Long Chain

Myopenia or muscle wasting due to ageing, chronic disease, and various medical interventions has been associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and poorer physical function. Attempts through nutrient and exercise interventions have been made to prevent this deterioration. In addition, while a measure of lean body mass (LBM) is associated with health outcomes, LBM function may be a better prognostic tool. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (LCn-3s) are nutrients that may mitigate LBM losses in noncancer populations. The purpose of this review is to determine whether LCn-3s have a role in LBM sparing in noncancer populations, to establish a minimum dose and duration of LCn-3s that will result in LBM change, and to summarise the potential effects of LCn-3s on LBM function when combined with an anabolic stimulus. Overall, in noncancer populations, LCn-3s have limited utility in sparing LBM during energy balance, energy restriction, or in conjunction with aerobic exercise. Further investigations are required to determine the appropriate dose and duration of LCn-3s for optimal LBM function. Finally, compelling evidence exists for LCn-3s in conjunction with an anabolic stimulus to improve LBM function and quality. Functionality of LBM tissue is an important outcome for population health, and LCn-3s show some promise, albeit pending further study.

scholarly journals Refractory Cutaneous IgA Vasculitis Treated with Omega-3 Fatty Acids

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Barnadas ◽  
Montserrat M. Díaz Encarnación
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mycophenolate Mofetil ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Iga Vasculitis ◽  
Benzathine Penicillin ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
History Of

Background: Omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) have been used to treat IgA nephropathy (IgAN) but not cutaneous IgA vasculitis (IgAV). Case Report: A 47-year-old female was referred for cutaneous vasculitis. She had a 24-year history of flares of palpable purpura, arthralgia associated with hematuria, and proteinuria. We diagnosed cutaneous IgAV associated with IgAN. We administered prednisone at doses ranging from 10 to 45 mg/day to control the flares. To reduce prednisone exposure, different therapeutic strategies (colchicine, diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, azathioprine, benzathine penicillin, and mycophenolate mofetil) were applied without success. After 11 years, therapy with O3FA capsules containing 460 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 380 mg of docosahexaenoic acid t.i.d. was introduced, allowing the prednisone to be stopped 2 years later. When the dose of O3FA was decreased to 1 capsule on alternate days, the cutaneous flares reappeared, but they were again controlled when the patient took 1 O3FA capsule daily. Conclusions: O3FA can be useful to control cutaneous IgAV.

Mercury and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Retail Fish Sandwiches

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. SHIM ◽  
J. A. LASRADO ◽  
L. E. DORWORTH ◽  
C. R. SANTERRE
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Reference Dose

Mercury and fatty acids were measured in fish sandwiches from six retail restaurant chains. Average mercury concentrations ranged from 5 to 132 ppb and were well below the Food and Drug Administration action level (1,000 ppb). The average concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid ranged from 91 to 620 mg per sandwich. Consuming one or two fish sandwiches per week could result in the consumption of 2 to 40% of the reference dose for mercury for a 60-kg individual and would provide 18 to 126% of the adequate intake for eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid as recommended for a pregnant or lactating woman.

scholarly journals Cod liver oil. A natural Vitamin D for preserving health

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (9) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Fehér ◽  
Illés Kovács ◽  
Balacco-Gabrieli Corrado
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Life Style Changes ◽  
High Doses

Vitamin D deficiency is pandemic in industrialized countries due to life-style changes. Recent studies suggest that besides bone-metabolism, vitamin D plays a central role in basic cell function like multiplication, differentiation and metabolism. This may explain that low vitamin D levels represent a risk factor for several apparently different diseases such as infective, autoimmune, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, as well as diabetes, osteoporosis and cancer. Accumulating evidences suggest that an adequate intake of vitamin D may significantly decrease prevalence and clinical outcome of these diseases. Estimated reduction of the economic burden might reach about 10 percent through normalizing vitamin D levels for these diseases. However, high doses of vitamin D monotherapy needs precaution for potential adverse effects and it should be substituted with the recommended doses of vitamin D in combination with synergistic vitamin A and omega 3 fatty acids, such as cod liver oil. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 323–330.

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