scholarly journals Macronutrient Intake in Adults Diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome: Using the Health Examinee (HEXA) Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4457
Author(s):  
Hyerim Park ◽  
Anthony Kityo ◽  
Yeonjin Kim ◽  
Sang-Ah Lee
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
High Intake ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Plant Sources ◽  
Korean Food

Macronutrient intake is important in the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to evaluate total energy and macronutrient intake of participants diagnosed with MetS at recruitment of the health examinees (HEXA) cohort, considering the plant and animal sources of each macronutrient. We included 130,423 participants aged 40–69 years for analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated to evaluate the intake of macronutrients stratified by gender. Energy and macronutrient intake were estimated by linking food frequency questionnaire data to the Korean food composition database, and were calculated separately for plant and animal foods. Low energy (men: OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.98; women: OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.99), and fat intake (men: OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90–0.96; women: OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.77–0.83) were observed. Only postmenopausal women had lower intake of total energy (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.97), whereas low fat intake was observed in all women (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.77–0.83). For carbohydrate intake, the OR were 1.14 (95% CI: 1.08–1.22) and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.08–1.27) among women in their 50s and 60s, respectively. Protein intake was low (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86–0.95; and OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82–0.94) among women in their 50s and 60s, respectively. High intake of plant carbohydrates in women (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.12–1.20), and plant protein in both genders (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.13) were observed, but low intake of total energy, fat, and animal-source carbohydrates in both genders was also observed. Fat intake was low regardless of food source. In conclusion, high consumption of plant-source macronutrients, and low consumption of animal-source macronutrients was observed in Korean adults diagnosed with MetS. Attention should be directed to plant sources of carbohydrates and proteins when designing population interventions for metabolic syndrome reduction in Korea.

scholarly journals Macronutrient Intake in Adults Diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome: using the Health Examinee (HEXA) Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyerim Park ◽  
Anthony Kityo ◽  
Yeon-Jin Kim ◽  
Sang-Ah Lee
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
High Intake ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Korean Adult ◽  
Old Men

Macronutrient intake is important in the prevention and management of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). We characterized energy and macronutrient intake of Koreans diagnosed with MetS at recruitment of the Health Examinee (HEXA) cohort. We included 130,423 participants aged 40-69 years for analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated to evaluate the intake of macronutrient. Low energy (OR= 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.98) and fat intake (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.97) was observed among 50-59 year-old men. Only postmenopausal women had lower intake of total energy (OR= 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.97) while low fat intake was observed in all women (OR= 0.80 95% CI: 0.77-0.83). For carbohydrate intake, the OR were 1.14 (95% CI: 1.08-1.22) and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.08-1.27) among women in their 50’s and 60’s respectively. Protein intake was low (OR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95) and (OR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.94) among women in their 50’s and 60’s respectively. High intake of plant carbohydrates in women (OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.12-1.20) and plant protein in both genders (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.13) were observed, but low intake of total energy, fat and animal-source carbohydrates in both genders. Fat intake was low regardless of food source. In conclusion, high consumption of plant-source and low consumption of animal-source macronutrients was observed in Korean adult diagnosed MetS.

scholarly journals Dietary intake and the insulin-like growth factor system: effects of migration in two related populations in India and Britain with markedly different dietary intake

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
AH Heald ◽  
R Sharma ◽  
SG Anderson ◽  
A Vyas ◽  
K Siddals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Igfbp 3

AbstractBackgroundThe insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.ObjectiveWe report the effects of total energy intake on the IGF system in two populations with markedly different dietary macronutrient intake and cardiovascular event rate.Design, subjects and settingDietary macronutrient intake was measured in a specific Gujarati migrant community in Sandwell, UK (n = 205) compared with people still resident in the same villages of origin in India (n = 246). Fasting IGF-I, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 and IGFBP-3, insulin and glucose (0 and 2-hour) were measured.ResultsTotal energy and total fat intake were higher in UK migrants, as were IGFBP-3 and IGF-I (mean (95% confidence interval): 145.9 (138.1–153.6) vs. 100.9 (94.6–107.3) ng ml-1; F = 76.6, P < 0.001). IGFBP-1 was lower in UK migrants (29.5 (25.9–33.0) vs. 56.5 (50.6–62.5) μg l-1; F = 48.4, P < 0.001). At both sites, IGF-I correlated positively with total energy (Spearman's ρ = 0.45, P < 0.001) and total fat (ρ = 0.44, P < 0.001) as did IGFBP-3 with total energy (ρ = 0.21, P < 0.05) and fat (ρ = 0.26, P < 0.001). Conversely, in Indian Gujaratis, IGFBP-1 fell with increasing total energy (ρ = -0.27, P < 0.001) and fat intake (ρ = -0.26, P < 0.01) but not in UK Gujaratis. Multiple linear regression modelling showed that increasing quartiles of fat intake were associated with higher IGF-I (β = 0.42, P = 0.007) independent of age, body mass index, plasma insulin, fatty acids and 2-hour glucose.ConclusionIn these genetically similar groups, migration to the UK and adoption of a different diet is associated with marked changes in the IGF system, suggesting that environmental factors profoundly modulate serum concentrations and actions of IGFs.

scholarly journals Protein intake is more stable than carbohydrate or fat intake across various US demographic groups and international populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harris R Lieberman ◽  
Victor L Fulgoni ◽  
Sanjiv Agarwal ◽  
Stefan M Pasiakos ◽  
Claire E Berryman
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Regulate Protein

ABSTRACT Background The optimal macronutrient composition of the diet is controversial and many adults attempt to regulate the intake of specific macronutrients for various health-related reasons. Objective The objective was to compare stability and ranges of intakes of different macronutrients across diverse adult populations in the USA and globally. Methods US dietary intake data from NHANES 2009–2014 were used to determine macronutrient intake as a percentage of total energy intake. Variability in macronutrient intake was estimated by calculating the difference between 75th and 25th percentile (Q3–Q1) IQRs of macronutrient intake distributions. In addition, intake data from 13 other countries with per capita gross domestic product (GDP) over $10,000 US dollars (USD) were used to assess variability of intake internationally since there are large differences in types of foods consumed in different countries. Results Protein, carbohydrate, and fat intake (NHANES 2009–2014) was 15.7 ± 0.1, 48.1 ± 0.1, and 32.9 ± 0.1% kcal, respectively, in US adults. The IQR of protein intake distribution (3.73 ± 0.11% kcal) was 41% of carbohydrate intake distribution (9.18 ± 0.20% kcal) and 58% of fat intake distribution (6.40 ± 0.14% kcal). The IQRs of carbohydrate and fat intake distributions were significantly (P &lt;0.01) influenced by age and race; however, the IQR of protein intake was not associated with demographic and lifestyle factors including sex, race, income, physical activity, and body weight. International mean protein intake was 16.3 ± 0.2% kcal, similar to US intake, and there was less variation in protein than carbohydrate or fat intake. Conclusion Protein intake of the US population and multiple international populations, regardless of demographic and lifestyle factors, was consistently ∼16% of total energy, suggesting biological control mechanism(s) tightly regulate protein intake and, consequently, influence intake of other macronutrients and food constituents. Substantial differences in intake of the other macronutrients observed in US and international populations had little influence on protein intake. This trial was registered at the ISRCTN registry as ISRCTN46157745 (https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN4615774).

scholarly journals Effects of macronutrient intake in obesity: a meta-analysis of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets on markers of the metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk E M Willems ◽  
Martina Sura–de Jong ◽  
André P van Beek ◽  
Esther Nederhof ◽  
Gertjan van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Fat Diets

Abstract The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises cardiometabolic risk factors frequently found in individuals with obesity. Guidelines to prevent or reverse MetS suggest limiting fat intake, however, lowering carbohydrate intake has gained attention too. The aim for this review was to determine to what extent either weight loss, reduction in caloric intake, or changes in macronutrient intake contribute to improvement in markers of MetS in persons with obesity without cardiometabolic disease. A meta-analysis was performed across a spectrum of studies applying low-carbohydrate (LC) and low-fat (LF) diets. PubMed searches yielded 17 articles describing 12 separate intervention studies assessing changes in MetS markers of persons with obesity assigned to LC (&lt;40% energy from carbohydrates) or LF (&lt;30% energy from fat) diets. Both diets could lead to weight loss and improve markers of MetS. Meta-regression revealed that weight loss most efficaciously reduced fasting glucose levels independent of macronutrient intake at the end of the study. Actual carbohydrate intake and actual fat intake at the end of the study, but not the percent changes in intake of these macronutrients, improved diastolic blood pressure and circulating triglyceride levels, without an effect of weight loss. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance improved with both diets, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol only improved in the LC diet, both irrespective of aforementioned factors. Remarkably, changes in caloric intake did not play a primary role in altering MetS markers. Taken together, these data suggest that, beyond the general effects of the LC and LF diet categories to improve MetS markers, there are also specific roles for weight loss, LC and HF intake, but not reduced caloric intake, that improve markers of MetS irrespective of diet categorization. On the basis of the results from this meta-analysis, guidelines to prevent MetS may need to be re-evaluated.

Hubungan antara Asupan Karbohidrat dan Lemak dengan Kadar Trigliserida pada Pesenam Aerobik Wanita

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Diah Nur Khasanah ◽  
Idi Setiyobroto ◽  
Weni Kurdanti
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Triglyceride Level ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Triglyceride

Background: A long-standing association exists between elevated triglyceride levels and coronary heart disease (CHD). High consumption of fat and carbohydrate influences enhancement of triglycerides level. Sport can reduce cholesterol and triglycerides level. Objective: This research aims to analyze relationship between carbohydrates and fat intakes with triglycerides level on female aerobic gymnasts. Method: This is an observational research using cross sectional research design which was held in Miracle Gymnasium on February17- 18th 2017. 30 subjects were selected as subject because fulfill the requirement (older than 20 years and have willingness to be a subjects). Research variable areintakes of carbohydrate, fat, and triglyceride levels. Result: Result shows 53.3% subjects have high level of carbohydrate and fat intakes followed  by 20% subjects with high level       of triglycerides. Subjects with high level of carbohydrate, fat intakes and high triglyceride level are 28%. Subjects withsufficient carbohydrate, fat intakes and high triglyceride level are 12.5%.Fisher’s exact test was done to prove hypothesis with results there is no significant relationship between carbohydrate and fat intake with triglyceride level. Conclusions: Subjects with high carbohydrate and fat intake is 53.3% and 20% subjects have high triglyceride level. Relationship between carbohydrate and fat intake with triglyceride level on female aerobic gymnasts is not significant (p>0.05).   Keywords: Intake, Carbohydrate, Fat, Aerobic Gymnasts, Triglyceride

scholarly journals Sex May Modify the Effects of Macronutrient Intake on Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in American Indians: The Strong Heart Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigal Eilat-Adar ◽  
Jiaqiong Xu ◽  
Uri Goldbourt ◽  
Ellie Zephier ◽  
Barbara V. Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Strong Heart Study ◽  
Heart Study

scholarly journals Intake of Animal Source Foods in Relation to Risk of Metabolic Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Yahya Pasdar ◽  
Shima Moradi ◽  
Neda Hydarzadeh Esfahani ◽  
Mitra Darbandi ◽  
Parisa Niazi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Animal Source

scholarly journals Dietary Macronutrient Intakes and Mortality among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Chieh Lin ◽  
Chiu-Shong Liu ◽  
Chia-Ing Li ◽  
Chih-Hsueh Lin ◽  
Wen-Yuan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Cvd Mortality

The best macronutrient percentages of dietary intake supporting longevity remains unclear. The strength of association between dietary intake and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) should be quantified as a basis for dietary recommendations. Our study cohort consisted of 15,289 type 2 diabetic patients aged 30 years and older in Taiwan during 2001–2014 and was followed up through 2016. Percentages of macronutrient intakes were calculated as dietary energy intake contributed by carbohydrate, protein, and fat, divided by the total energy intake using a 24 h food diary recall approach. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to examine the temporal relation of macronutrient intakes with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The average follow-up time was 7.4 years, during which 2784 adults with T2DM died. After multivariable adjustment, people with fourth and fifth quintiles of total energy, second and third quintiles of carbohydrate, and fourth quintiles of protein intakes were likely to have lower risks of all-cause and expanded cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. People with fifth quintiles of total energy intake were likely to have decreased non-expanded CVD mortality. We found a significant interaction between gender and fat intake on all-cause and expanded CVD mortality. Fat intake was associated with all-cause, expanded and non-expanded CVD mortality among males with T2DM. Total energy, carbohydrate, and protein intakes were associated with lower risks of all-cause and expanded CVD mortality, with minimal risks observed at ≥1673 Kcal total energy, 43–52% carbohydrate intake, and 15–16% protein intake among people with T2DM.

Impact of dietary fiber energy on the calculation of food total energy value in the Brazilian Food Composition Database

2016 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabete Wenzel de Menezes ◽  
Fernanda Grande ◽  
Eliana Bistriche Giuntini ◽  
Tássia do Vale Cardoso Lopes ◽  
Milana Cara Tanasov Dan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Energy Value

scholarly journals Dietary Plant Protein and the Progression of Metabolic Syndrome over 9 Years (OR27-08-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Root ◽  
Katelyn Meaux
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Score ◽  
Plant Sources

Abstract Objectives Metabolic syndrome is a precursor to many leading causes of death in the United States including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes. Diet plays a major role in preventing or exacerbating the development of metabolic syndrome. Increasing plant protein intake may help to reduce risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine the possible relationship between metabolic syndrome progression and % of protein from plant sources in the diet. Methods The ARIC dataset was used to compare changes in the number of metabolic syndrome criteria (0-5) over a 9-year period to average % of protein from plant sources for 10,038 Americans age 45–64. Quartiles of plant protein intake were controlled for important covariates in linear regression. Results As hypothesized, quartiles with higher percentages of protein intake from plant sources showed a decrease in metabolic syndrome score [B (change in metabolic syndrome score over 9 years per plant protein quartile) = -0.039; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.063, -0.016] over 9 years of follow up. Waist circumference was the most significantly associated metabolic syndrome factor (B = -0.053; 95% CI -0.030, -0.011). A decrease in BMI was similarly correlated with higher intakes of plant proteins (B = -0.077; 95% CI -0.214, -0.0112). Conclusions These results suggest that a higher intake of plant proteins could be protective against increased BMI, waist circumference, and worsening metabolic syndrome and therefore may reduce risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke. Funding Sources University Funding.

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