scholarly journals The Nutritional Profile and On-Pack Marketing of Toddler-Specific Food Products Launched in Australia between 1996 and 2020

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. McCann ◽  
Catherine G. Russell ◽  
Julie L. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Retail Food Environment ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Specific Food

With the food system evolving, it is not clear how the nutrition and on-pack claims of toddler foods have been impacted. Data on the trends in Australia are lacking, so we sought to determine the changes in the nutrition and on-pack claims of toddler-specific packaged foods over time. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the Mintel Global New Products Database. The number of toddler-specific foods increased from 1996 to 2020. Over time, a lower proportion of meals and snacks were classified as “ultra-processed”, but a higher proportion of snacks were classified as “discretionary”. Meals launched after 2014 had higher median values for energy, saturated fat, and sugar than those in earlier years. Toddler snacks launched after 2014 had lower median values for sodium, and higher median values for fat, saturated fat, and sugar than those in earlier years. The mean number of total claims per package increased over time for snacks, with an increase in unregulated claims for both meals and snacks. Public health action is needed to ensure that the retail food environment for young children is health-promoting, including stringent and clear regulations for on-pack claims, and compositional guidelines and guidance on how to reduce the number of ultra-processed foods for toddlers.

Are neighborhood restaurants related to frequency of restaurant meals and dietary quality?: Prevalence and changes over time in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Amy H. Auchincloss ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Kari A. B. Moore ◽  
Manuel Franco ◽  
Mahasin S. Mujahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Eating Out ◽  
Restaurant Meals ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective: To examine whether the density of neighbourhood restaurants affected the frequency of eating restaurant meals and subsequently affected diet quality. Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Structural equation models assessed the indirect relationship between restaurant density (≤3 miles (4.8 km) of participant addresses) and dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI)) via the frequency of eating restaurant meals, after adjustment for sociodemographics, select health conditions, region, residence duration and area-level income. Setting: Urbanised areas in multiple regions of the USA, years 2000–2002 and 2010–2012. Participants: Participants aged 45–84 years were followed for 10 years (n 3567). Results: Median HEI (out of 100) was 59 at baseline and 62 at follow-up. Cross-sectional analysis found residing in areas with a high density of restaurants (highest ranked quartile) was associated with 52% higher odds of frequently eating restaurant meals (≥3 times/week, odds ratio [OR]:1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.98) and 3% higher odds of having lower dietary quality (HEI lowest quartile<54, OR:1.03,CI:1.01-1.06); associations were not sustained in longitudinal analyses. Cross-sectional analysis found 34% higher odds of having lower dietary quality for those who frequently ate at restaurants (OR:1.34,CI:1.12-1.61); and more restaurant meals (over time increase ≥1 times/week) was associated with higher odds of having worse dietary quality at follow-up (OR:1.21,CI:1.00-1.46). Conclusions: Restaurant density was associated with frequently eating out in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses but was associated with the lower dietary quality only in cross-sectional analyses. Frequent restaurant meals were negatively related to dietary quality. Interventions that encourage less frequent eating out may improve population dietary quality.

scholarly journals Changes in Consumers’ Food Practices during the COVID-19 Lockdown, Implications for Diet Quality and the Food System: A Cross-Continental Comparison

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Blain Murphy ◽  
Tony Benson ◽  
Amanda McCloat ◽  
Elaine Mooney ◽  
Chris Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Food System ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 has led to dramatic societal changes. Differing movement restrictions across countries have affected changes in consumers’ food practices, with a potentially detrimental impact on their health and food systems. To investigate this, this research explored changes in consumers’ food practices during the initial COVID-19 phase and assessed the impact of location on these changes. A sample of 2360 adults from three continents (Island of Ireland (IOI), Great Britain (GB), United States (USA), and New Zealand (NZ)) were recruited for a cross-sectional online survey (May–June 2020). Participants completed questions in relation to their cooking and food practices, diet quality, and COVID-19 food-related practices. Significant changes in consumers’ food practices during the pandemic were seen within and between regions, with fewer cooking practices changes found in the USA. Food practices, which may put added pressure on the food system, such as bulk buying, were seen across all regions. To prevent this, organisational food practices, including planning ahead, should be emphasized. Additionally, while positive cooking-related practices and increases in fruit and vegetable intake were found, an increase in saturated fat intake was also seen. With the additional pressure on individuals’ physical and mental health, the essentiality of maintaining a balanced diet should be promoted.

Nutrition and packaging characteristics of toddler foods and milks in Australia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jennifer R McCann ◽  
Georgina C Russell ◽  
Karen J Campbell ◽  
Julie L Woods
Keyword(s):  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Retail Food Environment ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Sugar Levels

Abstract Objective: To analyse nutritional and packaging characteristics of toddler-specific foods and milks in the Australian retail food environment to identify how such products fit within the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) and the NOVA classification. Design: Cross-sectional retail audit of toddler foods and milks. On-pack product attributes were recorded. Products were categorised as (1) food or milk; (2) snack food or meal and (3) snacks sub-categorised depending on main ingredients. Products were classified as a discretionary or core food as per the ADG and level of processing according to NOVA classification. Setting: Supermarkets and pharmacies in Australia. Results: A total of 154 foods and thirty-two milks were identified. Eighty percentage of foods were snacks, and 60 % of foods were classified as core foods, while 85 % were ultraprocessed (UP). Per 100 g, discretionary foods provided significantly more energy, protein, total and saturated fat, carbohydrate, total sugar and Na (P < 0·001) than core foods. Total sugars were significantly higher (P < 0·001) and Na significantly lower (P < 0·001) in minimally processed foods than in UP foods. All toddler milks (n 32) were found to have higher energy, carbohydrate and total sugar levels than full-fat cow’s milk per 100 ml. Claims and messages were present on 99 % of foods and all milks. Conclusions: The majority of toddler foods available in Australia are UP snack foods and do not align with the ADG. Toddler milks, despite being UP, do align with the ADG. A strengthened regulatory approach may address this issue.

scholarly journals The Design and Development of a Food Composition Database for an Electronic Tool to Assess Food Intake in New Caledonian Families

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1668
Author(s):  
Juliana Chen ◽  
Solène Bertrand ◽  
Olivier Galy ◽  
David Raubenheimer ◽  
Margaret Allman-Farinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Specific Food ◽  
Country Specific

The food environment in New Caledonia is undergoing a transition, with movement away from traditional diets towards processed and discretionary foods and beverages. This study aimed to develop an up-to-date food composition database that could be used to analyze food and nutritional intake data of New Caledonian children and adults. Development of this database occurred in three phases: Phase 1, updating and expanding the number of food items to represent current food supply; Phase 2, refining the database items and naming and assigning portion size images for food items; Phase 3, ensuring comprehensive nutrient values for all foods, including saturated fat and total sugar. The final New Caledonian database comprised a total of 972 food items, with 40 associated food categories and 25 nutrient values and 615 items with portion size images. To improve the searchability of the database, the names of 593 food items were shortened and synonyms or alternate spelling were included for 462 foods. Once integrated into a mobile app-based multiple-pass 24-h recall tool, named iRecall.24, this country-specific food composition database would support the assessment of food and nutritional intakes of families in New Caledonia, in a cross-sectional and longitudinal manner, and with translational opportunities for use across the wider Pacific region.

Kidney Disease in Women is Associated with Disadvantaged Childhood Socioeconomic Position

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Canney ◽  
Siobhan Leahy ◽  
Siobhan Scarlett ◽  
Rose Anne Kenny ◽  
Mark A. Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Adjusted Association ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background: Socioeconomic position (SEP) is an important determinant of health and it is dynamic across the entire lifespan. We sought to investigate the relationship between life-course SEP and chronic kidney disease (CKD) using 3 conceptual models: critical period, pathway and accumulation. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 4,996 participants from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, a nationally representative cohort of community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years. We defined childhood and adulthood SEP according to father’s and respondent’s occupation respectively. SEP was categorised as high (reference), intermediate, low and never worked. CKD was defined as a glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 estimated from the combination of creatinine and cystatin C. We used logistic regression to estimate the age-adjusted association between SEP and CKD separately in men and women. Results: Low childhood SEP was strongly associated with CKD in women, after adjusting for adulthood SEP (OR 1.90 [95% CI 1.24–2.92]), supporting the critical period hypothesis. This association was not explained by traditional CKD risk factors. Women who experienced low childhood SEP and whose circumstances improved in adulthood also had increased odds of CKD, further supporting a critical period effect in childhood. There was comparatively less evidence in support of the pathway or accumulation models. We did not observe a statistically significant association between SEP and CKD in men. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that women exposed to disadvantaged SEP in childhood represent an at-risk group in whom there may be opportunities for identification of CKD and facilitation of health-promoting behaviours from an early age.

Interstitial Lung Abnormalities in People With HIV Infection and Uninfected Controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 (12) ◽  
pp. 1973-1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Ronit ◽  
Thomas Benfield ◽  
Jens Lundgren ◽  
Jørgen Vestbo ◽  
Shoaib Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Lung Abnormalities ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Chest computed tomography (CT) findings in well-treated people with HIV infection (PWH) remain poorly characterized. Methods Cross-sectional analysis examining interstitial chest CT findings in PWH (n = 754) and uninfected controls (n = 470). Results HIV infection was independently associated with 1.82 (95% CI, 1.18–2.88) and 5.15 (95% CI, 1.72–22.2) higher adjusted odds of any interstitial lung abnormality and findings suspicious for interstitial lung disease, respectively. Conclusions HIV infection was independently associated with interstitial lung abnormalities and findings suspicious for interstitial lung disease. Whether these abnormalities develop into more recognizable disease states over time is unknown but warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Caregiver Status and Diet Quality in Community Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 205-205
Author(s):  
Sharmin Hossain ◽  
May A Beydoun ◽  
Michele K Evans ◽  
Alan B Zonderman ◽  
Marie Fanelli Kuczmarski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Intramural Research Program ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives Prior studies on caregivers have focused mainly on the diet quality of their recipients, especially children. We investigated both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of caregiver status and diet quality in older adults (mean 53.0 ± 9.0 years). Methods We studied participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study (57.7% women, 62% African American) between wave 3 (2009–2013) and wave 4 (2013–2018). Caregiving was assessed at both waves, starting at wave 3. Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI2010) score, a measure of diet quality, was assessed from two 24-hour recalls at each wave on both occasions (mean 4.1 years follow-up). Baseline caregiving (at wave 3) was examined in relation to change in HEI between waves 3 and 4. Multivariable linear regression was performed for cross-sectional analysis; mixed-effects regression was performed for longitudinal analyses. Results are expressed as β-coefficients ± standard error of means (β±SE). Results After adjusting for age, sex, race and poverty status, more time spent taking care of grandchildren (N = 2033) was associated with poor diet quality (–1.51 ± 0.55, P = 0.006) in cross-sectional analysis (wave 4 caregiving and wave 4 HEI). However, in a separate cross-sectional analysis (wave 4 only) on dual (caring for both grandchildren and an elderly person) vs. single caregivers (either grandchildren or elderly) (N = 73; 24 men & 49 women) we found no difference in diet quality. The longitudinal analyses (N = 1848) demonstrated that diet quality did not change with caregiving over time for either grandchildren (P = 0.16) or others (not children & grandchildren) (P = 0.88). Overall, women tended to have better quality diet (P &lt; 0.001) than men. Conclusions Among relatively older caregivers, cross-sectional analyses revealed an inverse effect of caregiving with diet quality. Longitudinal research is needed to evaluate the temporal associations of dual caregiving with subsequent diet quality changes over time. Funding Sources The first author is supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Intramural Research Program (IRP) at the National Institute on Aging (NIA). HANDLS is supported by the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, grant Z01-AG000513.

scholarly journals Documenting Elimination of Co-Circulating Covid-19 Clusters Using Genomics in New South Wales, Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Arnott ◽  
Jenny Draper ◽  
Rebecca J Rockett ◽  
Connie Lam ◽  
Rosemarie Sadsad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Cluster Evolution ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Genomic Clusters ◽  
Genomic Cluster ◽  
Clear Information ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective: To adapt ‘fishplots’ to describe SARS-CoV-2 genomic cluster evolution. Results: This novel analysis adapted the fishplot to depict the size and duration of circulating genomic clusters over time in New South Wales, Australia. It illuminated the effectiveness of interventions on the emergence, spread and eventual elimination of clusters and distilled genomic data into clear information to inform public health action.

scholarly journals Aspirin using was associated with slower cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252969
Author(s):  
Jinyan Weng ◽  
Guanan Zhao ◽  
Liyan Weng ◽  
Jingjing Guan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Normal Cognition ◽  
Over Time

We aimed to examine whether the use of aspirin is associated with change in cognitive performance over time, and whether this association is modified by the cognitive stages. This study included a total of 1866 subjects, including 509 subjects with normal cognition (NC), 985 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 372 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In each group, we further categorized our subjects into two groups based on their aspirin using conditions: Aspirin users and non-aspirin users. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was the cognitive outcome. Linear mixed models were conducted to examine the longitudinal relationship between the use of aspirin and cognitive performance in each diagnostic group. In the cross-sectional analysis, there were no significant differences in MMSE scores between non-aspirin users and aspirin users in subjects with NC, subjects with MCI or patients with AD. In the longitudinal analysis, we detected an association of the baseline use of aspirin with cognitive decline (MMSE) over time in patients with AD, but not in the NC group or MCI group. Specifically, in AD patients, the use of aspirin at baseline was associated with slower cognitive decline over time. Our data may support an association between the use of aspirin and slower cognitive decline, while this association may be dependent on the clinical stages.

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