scholarly journals Electrical Characterization Method for Resonance Performance of Photo-Elastic Modulators

Optics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-283
Author(s):  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Liyang Ou ◽  
Xuezhou Chen ◽  
Chaobo Li
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
Natural Resonance ◽  
Vibration Parameters ◽  
Natural Resonance Frequency

As a kind of resonant device, the modulation efficiency of the photo-elastic modulator (PEM) is determined by its inherent resonance characteristics, including the resonance frequency and quality factor (Q-factor). The existing methods used to characterize the resonance performance of the PEM are mainly based on the optical method to measure the vibration parameters, but these methods are more complex, have a high cost, and are not able to accurately measure the quality factor. Therefore, this paper proposes an electrical characterization method based on impedance measurement. In this method, an equivalent circuit model for the PEM is established. By measuring the impedance vs. frequency curve of the PEM and using the equivalent circuit model for fitting analysis, we can obtain the parameters of the equivalent circuit model. With these parameters, we can eventually calculate the natural resonance frequency and quality factor. The above method was applied to some commercial PEM products for experimental verification. The experimental results show that this method can accurately measure the natural resonance frequency and quality factor of the PEM, and the error is less than 0.03%.

scholarly journals CRLH Transmission Lines for Telecommunications: Fast and Effective Modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanjuan Gao ◽  
Guizhen Lu
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Parameter Extraction ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Parallel Resonance

A different parameter extraction approach based on zero immittances for composite right/left-handed (CRLH) structure is presented. For lossless unit cell equivalent circuit model, LC parameters of series and parallel branches are extracted according to series resonance frequency and parallel resonance frequency, respectively. This approach can be applied to symmetric and unbalanced CRLH structures. The parameter extraction procedure is provided and validated by T-type unit cell model. The responses of distributed prototype and extracted equivalent LC circuit model are in good agreement. The equivalent circuit modeling can improve the degree of freedom in the CRLH TLs design. This parameter extraction method provides an effective and straightforward way in CRLH metamaterials design and applications in telecommunication systems.

scholarly journals Simulation of Ni-MH Batteries via an Equivalent Circuit Model for Energy Storage Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Wenhua H. Zhu ◽  
Zenda Davis ◽  
Bruce J. Tatarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Ohmic Resistance ◽  
Composition Formula ◽  
Entire Cell ◽  
Capacity Decay

Impedance measurement was conducted at the entire cell level for studying of the Ni-MH rechargeable batteries. An improved equivalent circuit model considering diffusion process is proposed for simulation of battery impedance data at different charge input levels. The cell capacity decay was diagnosed by analyzing the ohmic resistance, activation resistance, and mass transfer resistance of the Ni-MH cells with degraded capacity. The capacity deterioration of this type, Ni-MH cell, is considered in relation to the change of activation resistance of the nickel positive electrodes. Based on the report and surface analysis obtained from the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the composition formula of metal-hydride electrodes can be closely documented as the AB5 type alloy and the “A” elements are recognized as lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce). The capacity decay of the Ni-MH cell is potentially initiated due to starved electrolyte for the electrochemical reaction of active materials inside the Ni-MH battery, and the discharge product of Ni(OH)2 at low state-of-charge level is anticipated to have more impeding effects on electrode kinetic process for higher power output and efficient energy delivery.

scholarly journals Lumped Elements and Its Existence in Quasi Lumped Element Resonator Antenna

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
T. M. Bello ◽  
A. M. S. Tekanyi ◽  
A. D. Usman
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
Passive Components ◽  
Interdigital Capacitor ◽  
Lumped Element ◽  
Lumped Elements ◽  
To Come

In this paper, the Quasi Lumped Element Resonator Antenna is reviewed. It is composed of Lumped elements. Lumped Elements are passive components whose size across any dimensions should be small to make it a lumped element. The various researches that have been done to come about the various types of basic building blocks of the lumped element are staged in this write up. This review is towards accomplishing the derivation of the component elements used in the design of the Quasi Lumped Element Resonator Antenna. These elements are the interdigital capacitor, inductor and pad capacitors. The pertinent formulae for determining each one of them were all expressed in this review. The formula for calculating the resonance frequency of the Quasi Lumped Element Resonator Antenna was expressed in this review. The equivalent circuit model for the lumped elements were all reviewed and presented. This review brings about how the lumped elements are involved in the design of the Quasi Lumped Element Resonator Antenna.

An Equivalent Circuit Model for Vertical Comb Drive MEMS Optical Scanner Controlled by Pulse Width Modulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Maruyama ◽  
Muneki Nakada ◽  
Makoto Mita ◽  
Takuya Takahashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
Comb Drive ◽  
Optical Scanner

scholarly journals A Novel, Improved Equivalent Circuit Model for Double-Sided Linear Induction Motor

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Huijuan Liu ◽  
Tengfei Song ◽  
Zhenyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Skin Effect ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
End Effects ◽  
3D Finite Element ◽  
Linear Induction

A novel, improved equivalent circuit model of double-sided linear induction motors (DLIMs) is proposed, which takes the skin effect and the nonzero leakage reactance of the secondary, longitudinal, and transverse end effects into consideration. Firstly, the traditional equivalent circuit with longitudinal and transverse end effects are briefly reviewed. Additionally, the correction coefficients for longitudinal and transverse end effects derived by one-dimensional analysis models are given. Secondly, correction factors for skin effect, which reflects the inhomogeneous air gap magnetic field vertically, and the secondary leakage reactance are derived by the quasi-two-dimensional analysis model. Then, the proposed equivalent circuit is presented, and the excitation reactance and secondary resistance are modified by the correction coefficients derived from the three analytical models. Finally, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model is used to verify the proposed equivalent circuit model under varying air gap width and frequency, and the results are also compared with that of the traditional equivalent circuit models. The calculated thrust characteristics by the proposed equivalent circuit and 3D finite element model are experimentally validated under a constant voltage–frequency drive.

Evaluation of energy storage performance of ferroelectric materials by equivalent circuit model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalong Zhang ◽  
Huiyu Dan ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Mudassar Maraj ◽  
Wenwang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
Storage Performance
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