scholarly journals Primary Tick-Borne Protozoan and Rickettsial Infections of Animals in Turkey

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Onur Ceylan ◽  
Xuenan Xuan ◽  
Ferda Sevinc
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Anaplasma Ovis ◽  
Tropical Theileriosis ◽  
Rickettsial Infections

Parasitic diseases caused by ticks constitute a barrier on global animal production, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. As a country with a temperate and subtropical climate, Turkey has topography, climate, and pasture resources, and these resources are suitable for animal breeding and parasite–host–vector relationships throughout the country. This geography restricts the regulations on animal movements in the southeastern and eastern Anatolia because of the close contact with the neighboring states. The livestock resources in Turkey are regulated by strong foundations. Almost 30% of the agriculture-based gross domestic product is provided by the livestock industry. Parasitic diseases arising from ticks are endemic in Turkey, and they have a significant impact on the economy and animal health, particularly for ruminants. The main and economically-important tick-borne diseases (TBDs) suffered by animals include theileriosis, babesiosis, hepatozoonosis, and cytauxzoonosis caused by protozoa, and anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis caused by rickettsiae. The most common hemoprotozoan and rickettsial agents are Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Babesia bigemina, Babesia caballi, Babesia ovis, Cytauxzoon felis, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis, Theileria annulata and Theileria equi. These diseases are basically controlled through treatment and measures for tick control. Vaccination can be performed for only tropical theileriosis caused in Turkey. We reviewed the studies published in domestic and international journals to gather epidemiological data regarding the major TBDs suffered by animals in Turkey.

scholarly journals Biofilms as Promoters of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance and Tolerance

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Cristina Uruén ◽  
Gema Chopo-Escuin ◽  
Jan Tommassen ◽  
Raúl C. Mainar-Jaime ◽  
Jesús Arenas
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Biofilm Development

Multidrug resistant bacteria are a global threat for human and animal health. However, they are only part of the problem of antibiotic failure. Another bacterial strategy that contributes to their capacity to withstand antimicrobials is the formation of biofilms. Biofilms are associations of microorganisms embedded a self-produced extracellular matrix. They create particular environments that confer bacterial tolerance and resistance to antibiotics by different mechanisms that depend upon factors such as biofilm composition, architecture, the stage of biofilm development, and growth conditions. The biofilm structure hinders the penetration of antibiotics and may prevent the accumulation of bactericidal concentrations throughout the entire biofilm. In addition, gradients of dispersion of nutrients and oxygen within the biofilm generate different metabolic states of individual cells and favor the development of antibiotic tolerance and bacterial persistence. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance may develop within biofilms through a variety of mechanisms. The expression of efflux pumps may be induced in various parts of the biofilm and the mutation frequency is induced, while the presence of extracellular DNA and the close contact between cells favor horizontal gene transfer. A deep understanding of the mechanisms by which biofilms cause tolerance/resistance to antibiotics helps to develop novel strategies to fight these infections.

scholarly journals Serological Screening of Influenza A Virus Antibodies in Cats and Dogs Indicates Frequent Infection with Different Subtypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Zhao ◽  
Nancy Schuurman ◽  
Malte Tieke ◽  
Berit Quist ◽  
Steven Zwinkels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
H1n1 Outbreak

ABSTRACT Influenza A viruses (IAVs) infect humans and a variety of other animal species. Infections with some subtypes of IAV were also reported in domestic cats and dogs. In addition to animal health implications, close contact between companion animals and humans also poses a potential risk of zoonotic IAV infections. In this study, serum samples from different cat and dog cohorts were analyzed for IAV antibodies against seven IAV subtypes, using three distinctive IAV-specific assays differing in IAV subtype-specific discriminatory power and sensitivity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays against the complete hemagglutinin (HA) ectodomain or the HA1 domain were used, as well as a novel nanoparticle-based, virus-free hemagglutination inhibition assay. Using these three assays, we found cat and dog sera from different cohorts to be positive for antibodies against one or more IAV subtypes and/or strains. Cat and dog serum samples collected after the 2009 pandemic H1N1 outbreak exhibit much higher seropositivity against H1 compared to samples from before 2009. Cat sera, furthermore, displayed higher reactivity for avian IAVs than dog sera. Our findings show the added value of using complementary serological assays, which are based on reactivity with different numbers of HA epitopes, to study IAV antibody responses and for improved serosurveillance of IAV infections. We conclude that infection of cats and dogs with both human and avian IAVs of different subtypes is prevalent. These observations highlight the role of cats and dogs in IAV ecology and indicate the potential of these companion animals to give rise to novel (reassorted) viruses with increased zoonotic potential.

scholarly journals Prevalence Survey of Selected Bovine Pathogens in Water Buffaloes in the North Region of Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenevaldo Barbosa da Silva ◽  
Priscilla Nunes dos Santos ◽  
Gustavo Nunes de Santana Castro ◽  
Adivaldo Henrique da Fonseca ◽  
José Diomedes Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The North ◽  
And Control

Although the largest buffalo herd in the occident is in the north region of Brazil, few studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of selected parasitic diseases in buffalo herd. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate the epidemiological ofToxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina,andBabesia bovisin water buffaloes in the north region of Brazil. A total of 4796 buffalo blood samples were randomly collected from five provinces and simultaneously analyzed by the IFAT and ELISA. The serological prevalence ofT. gondiiandN. caninumwas 41.3% and 55.5% in ELISA and 35.7% and 48.8% in IFAT, respectively. The overall prevalence ofA. marginale, B. bovis, and B. bigeminawas 63%, 25%, and 21% by ELISA and 50.0%, 22.5%, and 18.8% by IFAT, respectively. This study shows valuable information regarding the serological survey of selected bovine pathogens in water buffaloes in the north region of Brazil which will likely be very beneficial for the management and control programs of this disease.

scholarly journals Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. L. Ixodid ticks infesting horses and donkeys

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan G. Horak ◽  
Heloise Heyne ◽  
Ali Halajian ◽  
Shalaine Booysen ◽  
Willem J. Smit
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
North West ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi

The aim of the study was to determine the species spectrum of ixodid ticks that infest horses and donkeys in South Africa and to identify those species that act as vectors of disease to domestic livestock. Ticks were collected opportunistically from 391 horses countrywide by their owners or grooms, or by veterinary students and staff at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria. Ticks were also collected from 76 donkeys in Limpopo Province, 2 in Gauteng Province and 1 in North West province. All the ticks were identified by means of a stereoscopic microscope. Horses were infested with 17 tick species, 72.1% with Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, 19.4% with Amblyomma hebraeum and 15.6% with Rhipicephalus decoloratus. Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi was recovered from horses in all nine provinces of South Africa and R. decoloratus in eight provinces. Donkeys were infested with eight tick species, and 81.6% were infested with R. evertsi evertsi, 23.7% with A. hebraeum and 10.5% with R. decoloratus. Several tick species collected from the horses and donkeys are the vectors of economically important diseases of livestock. Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi is the vector of Theileria equi, the causative organism of equine piroplasmosis. It also transmits Anaplasma marginale, the causative organism of anaplasmosis in cattle. Amblyomma hebraeum is the vector of Ehrlichia ruminantium, the causative organism of heartwater in cattle, sheep and goats, whereas R. decoloratus transmits Babesia bigemina, the causative organism of babesiosis in cattle.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of Three Members of the Multidomain Adhesion CCp Family in Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis and Theileria equi

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e67765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginaldo G. Bastos ◽  
Carlos E. Suarez ◽  
Jacob M. Laughery ◽  
Wendell C. Johnson ◽  
Massaro W. Ueti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Theileria Equi

scholarly journals 1365. How Severe Are Rickettsial Infections Among Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S693-S693
Author(s):  
Fatma Hammami ◽  
Makram Koubaa ◽  
Amal Chakroun ◽  
Khaoula Rekik ◽  
Fatma Smaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
Rickettsial Infections ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Abstract Background Rickettsial infections (RI) usually mimic benign viral infection due to similarities in clinical symptoms. However, severe forms and complications have been reported with rickettsiosis. Children can be affected as well. We aimed to study the particularities of RI among children. Methods We conducted a retrospective study including all patients aged ≤ 18 years hospitalized for RI between 2000 and 2018. The diagnosis was confirmed by serologies (seroconversion). Results In total, we encountered 59 children with confirmed RI, among whom 45 were male (76.3%). The mean age was 14 ±3 years. Forty children had a close contact with animals (71.4%). All patients consulted for a febrile maculopapular skin rash, which was associated to headache in 45 cases (76.3%), vomiting in 28 cases (47.4%) and cough in 8 cases (13.5%). Physical examination revealed an eschar in 13 cases (22%) and meningeal syndrome in 11 cases (18.6%). Laboratory investigations showed thrombocytopenia (31 cases; 52.5%) and liver cytolysis (26 cases; 44%). Severe forms of RI were represented by meningitis in 11 cases (18.6%), pneumonia in 2 cases (3.3%) and myocarditis in one case (1.6%). The treatment was based on doxycycline in 42 cases (71.2%), fluoroquinolones in 10 cases (17%) and macrolide in 7 cases (11.8%) for children aged less than 8 years. The mean duration of treatment was 9 ±3 days. The disease evolution was favourable in all cases. Conclusion The diagnosis of RI among children should be largely based on high index of suspicion, careful clinical and laboratory results. Prompt diagnosis is crucial in order to start antibiotics and avoid, therefore, fatal untreated forms. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Inhibition of the in vitro growth of Babesia bigemina, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi parasites by trifluralin analogues

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta G. Silva ◽  
Donald P. Knowles ◽  
Sandra Antunes ◽  
Ana Domingos ◽  
Maria A. Esteves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Babesia Caballi

scholarly journals Tick-borne pathogens in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from various domestic and wild hosts in Corsica (France), a Mediterranean island environment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Grech-Angelini ◽  
Frédéric Stachurski ◽  
Muriel Vayssier-Taussat ◽  
Elodie Devillers ◽  
François Casabianca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Tick Infection ◽  
Rickettsia Slovaca ◽  
Wild Hosts

ABSTRACTCorsica is a touristic mountainous French island in the north-west of the Mediterranean Sea presenting a large diversity of natural environments where many interactions between humans, domestic animals and wild fauna occur. Despite this favourable context, tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) have not systematically been investigated. In this study, a large number of TBPs were screened in ticks collected during one year from domestic and wild hosts in Corsica. More than 1,500 ticks belonging to nine species and five genera (Rhipicephalus,Hyalomma,Dermacentor,IxodesandHaemaphysalis) were analysed individually or pooled (by species, gender, host and locality). A real-time microfluidic PCR was used for high-throughput screening of TBPs DNA. This advanced methodology permitted the simultaneous detection of 29 bacterial and 12 parasitic species (includingBorrelia,Anaplasma,Ehrlichia,Rickettsia,Bartonella,CandidatusNeoehrlichia,Coxiella,Francisella,BabesiaandTheileria). CCHF virus was investigated individually in tick species known to be vectors or carriers of this virus. In almost half of the tick pools (48%), DNA from at least one pathogen was detected and eleven species of TBPs from six genera were reported. TBPs were found in ticks from all collected hosts and were present in more than 80% of the investigated area. The detection of some pathogens DNA confirmed their previous identification in Corsica, such asRickettsia aeschlimannii(23% of pools),Rickettsia slovaca(5%),Anaplasma marginale(4%) andTheileria equi(0.4%), but most TBPs DNA was not reported before in Corsican ticks. This includedAnaplasma phagocytophilum(16%),Rickettsia helvetica(1%), Borrelia afzelii(0.7%), Borrelia miyamotoi(1%), Bartonella henselae(2%),Babesia bigemina(2%) andBabesia ovis(0.5%). The important tick infection rate and the diversity of TBPs reported in this study highlight the probable role of animal reservoir hosts for zoonotic pathogens and human exposure to TBPs on Corsica.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document