scholarly journals Pitfalls in Tick and Tick-Borne Pathogens Research, Some Recommendations and a Call for Data Sharing

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Agustín Estrada-Peña ◽  
Aitor Cevidanes ◽  
Hein Sprong ◽  
Javier Millán
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Genomic Material

An understanding of the relationships of ticks and tick-borne pathogens can only be achieved by integrating data from multiple studies. The publication of raw material is a necessary step for wide-area meta-analyses and study design, data collection and reporting require harmonization. This is an opinion paper, not a consensus position, and is open to debate. This work reflects our view about how data should be communicated in mainstream journals. We indicate rules that should be observed in recording weather data, to avoid serendipitous correlations between the density of ticks and climate variables and recommend the inclusion of raw data in reports. We stress the need for standardized methods to collect ticks that cannot be obtained by standard flagging. The reporting of infection rates of pathogens in ticks should avoid conclusions based on pure molecular findings in feeding ticks. Studies demonstrating the vectorial capacity of ticks should not be supported only by molecular surveys of feeding ticks. Vacuous conclusions about vectorial or reservoir status based solely on the finding of genomic material of a pathogen should be discouraged. We stress that phylogenetic studies based on random selection of sequences from GenBank are unsuitable. We firmly support the development of a dedicated server of curated sequences of ticks and pathogens as a standard for future studies.

scholarly journals Classifications of Iris L. genus at the biological and molecular levels as a basis for modern phylogenetic studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4(76)) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Mykhailo O. Troitskyi ◽  
Taisiya B. Troitska ◽  
Yurii V. Buydin ◽  
Nikita O. Miroshnichenko ◽  
Olha O. Mykhailenko
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Functional Genomic ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Selection Of

Aim. To analyze and summarize literature data on the state of classification and taxonomy of Iris genus plants of Iridaceae family.Results and discussion. The genus Iris L. is one of the largest species of Iridaceae Juss family, which includes 1,800 species of 80 genera. Despite the fact that plants are very common as ornamental plants, there is currently no single classification for both horticultural and wild species of Iris genus. Various classifications and systems of irises have been proposed, the main difference between them is related to the understanding of the genus scope. The taxonomy of Iris genus underwent dramatic changes in the last century, especially in recent decades after the introduction of molecular methods. This paper deals with the analysis of current literature data on the existing classifications of Iris genus plants, the correspondence between taxonomic studies and the results of recent molecular studies. The data presented summarize the traditional classifications according to Rodionenko and Matthew, and also describe modern achievements in phylogenetic studies of this genus using functional genomic studies, involving molecular markers in irises. Conclusions. The data analyzed and summarized in the article can be useful for solving issues of taxonomy, phylogeny, genetics and practical problems of selection of plants of Iris genus; in addition, they will contribute to a more appropriate use of the Iris raw material in practical pharmacy.

Teknologi Esktrasi dan Cara Pemisahannya untuk Mendapatkan Kembali Karotenoid dari Minyak Sawit : Suatu Tinjauan

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Agus Sudibyo ◽  
Sardjono Sardjono
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
Molecular Product ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Selection Of

Crude palm oil (CPO)is the richest natural plant source of carotenoids in terms of retinol (pro-vitamin A) equivalent, whereas palm oil mill effluent (POME) is generated from palm oil industry that contains oil and carotenes that used to be treated before discharge. Carotenoids are importance in animals and humans for the purpose of the enhancement of immune response, conversion of vitamin A and scavenging of oxygen radicals. This component has different nutritional  functions and benefits to humaan health. The growing interest in the other natural sources of beta-carotene and growing awareness to prevent pollution has stimulated the industrial use of CPO and POME as a raw material for carotenoids extraction. Various technologies of extraction and separation have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids.This article reports on various technologies that have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids from being destroyed in commercial refining of palm oil and effects of some various treatments on the extraction end separation for carotenoid from palm oil and carotenoids concentration. Principally, there are different technologies, and there is one some future which is the use of solvent. Solvent plays important role  in the most technologiest, however the problem of solvents which are used is that they posses potentiaal fire health and environmental hazards. Hence selection of the  most safe, environmentally friendly and cost effective solvent is important to design of alternative extraction methods.Chemical molecular product design is one of the methods that are becoming more popular nowadays for finding solvent with the desired properties prior to experimental testing.ABSTRAKMinyak sawit kasar merupakan sumber karotenoid terkaya yang berasal dari tanaman sawit sebagai senyawa yang sama dengan retinol atau pro-vitamin A; sedangkan limbah pengolahan minyak sawit dihasilkan dari industri pengolahan minyak sawit yang berisi minyak dan karotene yang perlu diberi perlakuan terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang. Karotenoid merupakan bahan penting yang diperlukan pada hewan dan manusia guna memperkuat tanggapan terhadap kekebalan, konversi ke vitamin A dan penangkapan gugus oksigen radikal. Dengan berkembangnya ketertarikan dalam mencari beta-karotene yang bersumber dari alam lain dan meningkatnya kesadaran untuk mencegah adanya pencemaran lingkungan, maka mendorong suatu industri untuk menggunakan CPO dan POME sebagai bahan baku untuk diekstrak karotenoidnya. Berbagai macam teknologi guna mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid telah dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan kembali karotenoidnya. Makalah ini melaporkan dan membahas berbagai jenis teknologi yang telah dikembangkan guna mendapatkan kembali senyawa karotenoid dari kerusakan di dalam proses pemurnian minyak sawit secara komersial dan pengaruh beberapa perlakuan terhadap ekstrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid dari minyak sawit dan konsentrasi karotenoidnya. Pada prinsipnya, berbagai teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid terdapat perbedaan, dan terdapat salah satu teknologi yang digunakan untuk esktrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid adalah menggunakan bahan pelarut. Pelarut yang digunakan mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam teknologi ekstrasi; namun pelarut yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak tersebut mempunyai persoalan karena berpotensi mengganggu kesehatan dan membahayakan cemaran lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan jenis teknologi yang aman, ramah terhadap lingkungan dan biaya yang efektif untuk penggunaan pelarut merupakan hal penting sebelum dilakukan desain metode/teknologi alternatif untuk esktrasi karotenoid. Pola produk molekuler kimia merupakan salah satu metode yang saat ini menjadi lebih populer untuk mencari pelarut dengan sifat-sifat yang dikehendaki sebelum diujicobakan. Kata kunci :    karotenoid, ekstrasi, pemisahan, teknologi, minyak sawit kasar, limbah industri pengolahan sawit.

scholarly journals Selection of plantain cultivars as raw material for ripe plantain flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 672 (1) ◽  
pp. 012071
Author(s):  
N K I Mayasti ◽  
R Kumalasari ◽  
R Ekafitri ◽  
D Desnilasari ◽  
D N Surahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Pre-treatments of pre-consumer cotton-based textile waste for production of textile fibres in the cold NaOH(aq) and cellulose carbamate processes

Cellulose ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjo Määttänen ◽  
Maria Gunnarsson ◽  
Helena Wedin ◽  
Sara Stibing ◽  
Carina Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Textile Waste ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Degree Of Polymerisation ◽  
Textile Fibres ◽  
Cellulose Carbamate ◽  
Regenerated Fibres ◽  
Inorganic Content

AbstractRecycling of textiles is of importance due to the large amount of waste generated from the increasing consumption and use worldwide. Cotton-rich pre-consumer textiles are considered as potential raw material for production of man-made regenerated fibres, but demands purification from the blends with synthetic fibres as well as the dyes and finishing chemicals. In this study we explore the use of different pre-treatments of pre-consumer textiles to meet specific parameters for production of fibres in the cold NaOH(aq) or cellulose carbamate process. The pre-treatments consisted of different bleaching sequences and were performed on both uncoloured and coloured pre-consumer textiles. For the uncoloured textile, degree of polymerisation and amount of inorganic content was efficiently reduced making the material suitable for both the cold NaOH(aq) and the cellulose carbamate process. In case of the coloured textile, the pre-treatments were able to remove the dye and decrease the inorganic content as well as reduce the degree of polymerisation but only sufficiently enough for production of fibres in the cellulose carbamate process. The work was able to prove a fibre-to-fibre concept while further optimisation of the regeneration steps is expected to improve the mechanical properties of the produced fibres in future studies.

scholarly journals Comparison of blockchain platforms: a systematic review and healthcare examples

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Ting Kuo ◽  
Hugo Zavaleta Rojas ◽  
Lucila Ohno-Machado
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Clinical Informatics ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Software Engineers ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Objectives To introduce healthcare or biomedical blockchain applications and their underlying blockchain platforms, compare popular blockchain platforms using a systematic review method, and provide a reference for selection of a suitable blockchain platform given requirements and technical features that are common in healthcare and biomedical research applications. Target audience Healthcare or clinical informatics researchers and software engineers who would like to learn about the important technical features of different blockchain platforms to design and implement blockchain-based health informatics applications. Scope Covered topics include (1) a brief introduction to healthcare or biomedical blockchain applications and the benefits to adopt blockchain; (2) a description of key features of underlying blockchain platforms in healthcare applications; (3) development of a method for systematic review of technology, based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement, to investigate blockchain platforms for healthcare and medicine applications; (4) a review of 21 healthcare-related technical features of 10 popular blockchain platforms; and (5) a discussion of findings and limitations of the review.

Problematising Adults-Students pro-environmental Behaviour in Nginda Ward of Embu North Sub-County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
Francis Rutere Njeru
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Donor Agencies

This research examined pro-environmental behaviour between adults and youths in Nginda ward, Embu north sub County. The research relied on two theories, theory of planned action and theory of pro-social behaviour. The research followed a descriptive design. Data were collected using questionnaires with closed and open-ended questions. The researcher administered questionnaires in person, and filled the entire questionnaire according to the participant’s responses. In total 245 participants comprising, 124 adults (comprising men and women), 121 form three students drawn from Muvandory, Rugumu and St. Alphose day Secondary Schools, and 58 standard seven pupils from Rugumu, Muvandory and ST. Francis primary schools were involved in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise data and compare responses between groups. Differences in pro-environmental behaviour between adults and school children were examined to determine if the differences were statistically significant. A total of fourteen environmental problems were mentioned by participants to be prevalent in Nginda ward. The top three environmental problems mostly mentioned by participants included deforestation, water pollution and air pollution. The findings of this research can guide interventions by government and donor agencies seeking to mobilise and engage participation by both students and adults to combat environmental problems in Nginda ward. Future studies are needed to find out whether the scale will produce similar result in other group in this community which include business community, factory workers and eatery owners

Some criteria for the selection of peat as a raw material for liquefaction

Fuel ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1589-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
E BJORNBOM ◽  
P BJORNBOM
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Selection Of

Computer model of the maintenance and selection of genetic heterogeneity in polygamous helminths

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Saul
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Stochastic Fluctuations ◽  
Stochastic Simulation Model ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYA stochastic simulation model of the transmission and maintenance of genetic heterogeneity in the absence and presence of external selection pressures is presented for polygamous intestinal helminths such as Ascaris. The model assumes that the density distribution of the adult parasites is highly aggregated and that density-dependent effects on fecundity are important. The model gives rise to stable infection rates in the host. Where the parasite population contains genetic heterogeneity, with the exception of stochastic fluctuations which models genetic drift, the ratio of the different alleles remained constant over extended periods of time. This result contrasts with that of an earlier analytical model (Anderson, R. M., May, M. R. & Gutpa S. (1989) Parasitology 99, S59–S79), in which uneven mating probabilities for the different combinations of worm possible in a host was postulated to inevitably lead to fixation of the most abundant allele. New results suggest that in spite of the restricted choice of mating available to a worm in the confines of a host, selection pressure always leads to enrichment of the parasites carrying resistant alleles.

scholarly journals Dewpoint Temperature Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1757-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Shank ◽  
G. Hoogenboom ◽  
R. W. McClendon
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Temperature Prediction ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Dewpoint Temperature ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Dewpoint temperature, the temperature at which water vapor in the air will condense into liquid, can be useful in estimating frost, fog, snow, dew, evapotranspiration, and other meteorological variables. The goal of this study was to use artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict dewpoint temperature from 1 to 12 h ahead using prior weather data as inputs. This study explores using three-layer backpropagation ANNs and weather data combined for three years from 20 locations in Georgia, United States, to develop general models for dewpoint temperature prediction anywhere within Georgia. Specific objectives included the selection of the important weather-related inputs, the setting of ANN parameters, and the selection of the duration of prior input data. An iterative search found that, in addition to dewpoint temperature, important weather-related ANN inputs included relative humidity, solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed, and vapor pressure. Experiments also showed that the best models included 60 nodes in the ANN hidden layer, a ±0.15 initial range for the ANN weights, a 0.35 ANN learning rate, and a duration of prior weather-related data used as inputs ranging from 6 to 30 h based on the lead time. The evaluation of the final models with weather data from 20 separate locations and for a different year showed that the 1-, 4-, 8-, and 12-h predictions had mean absolute errors (MAEs) of 0.550°, 1.234°, 1.799°, and 2.280°C, respectively. These final models predicted dewpoint temperature adequately using previously unseen weather data, including difficult freeze and heat stress extremes. These predictions are useful for decisions in agriculture because dewpoint temperature along with air temperature affects the intensity of freezes and heat waves, which can damage crops, equipment, and structures and can cause injury or death to animals and humans.

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