Teknologi Esktrasi dan Cara Pemisahannya untuk Mendapatkan Kembali Karotenoid dari Minyak Sawit : Suatu Tinjauan

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Agus Sudibyo ◽  
Sardjono Sardjono

Crude palm oil (CPO)is the richest natural plant source of carotenoids in terms of retinol (pro-vitamin A) equivalent, whereas palm oil mill effluent (POME) is generated from palm oil industry that contains oil and carotenes that used to be treated before discharge. Carotenoids are importance in animals and humans for the purpose of the enhancement of immune response, conversion of vitamin A and scavenging of oxygen radicals. This component has different nutritional  functions and benefits to humaan health. The growing interest in the other natural sources of beta-carotene and growing awareness to prevent pollution has stimulated the industrial use of CPO and POME as a raw material for carotenoids extraction. Various technologies of extraction and separation have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids.This article reports on various technologies that have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids from being destroyed in commercial refining of palm oil and effects of some various treatments on the extraction end separation for carotenoid from palm oil and carotenoids concentration. Principally, there are different technologies, and there is one some future which is the use of solvent. Solvent plays important role  in the most technologiest, however the problem of solvents which are used is that they posses potentiaal fire health and environmental hazards. Hence selection of the  most safe, environmentally friendly and cost effective solvent is important to design of alternative extraction methods.Chemical molecular product design is one of the methods that are becoming more popular nowadays for finding solvent with the desired properties prior to experimental testing.ABSTRAKMinyak sawit kasar merupakan sumber karotenoid terkaya yang berasal dari tanaman sawit sebagai senyawa yang sama dengan retinol atau pro-vitamin A; sedangkan limbah pengolahan minyak sawit dihasilkan dari industri pengolahan minyak sawit yang berisi minyak dan karotene yang perlu diberi perlakuan terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang. Karotenoid merupakan bahan penting yang diperlukan pada hewan dan manusia guna memperkuat tanggapan terhadap kekebalan, konversi ke vitamin A dan penangkapan gugus oksigen radikal. Dengan berkembangnya ketertarikan dalam mencari beta-karotene yang bersumber dari alam lain dan meningkatnya kesadaran untuk mencegah adanya pencemaran lingkungan, maka mendorong suatu industri untuk menggunakan CPO dan POME sebagai bahan baku untuk diekstrak karotenoidnya. Berbagai macam teknologi guna mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid telah dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan kembali karotenoidnya. Makalah ini melaporkan dan membahas berbagai jenis teknologi yang telah dikembangkan guna mendapatkan kembali senyawa karotenoid dari kerusakan di dalam proses pemurnian minyak sawit secara komersial dan pengaruh beberapa perlakuan terhadap ekstrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid dari minyak sawit dan konsentrasi karotenoidnya. Pada prinsipnya, berbagai teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid terdapat perbedaan, dan terdapat salah satu teknologi yang digunakan untuk esktrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid adalah menggunakan bahan pelarut. Pelarut yang digunakan mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam teknologi ekstrasi; namun pelarut yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak tersebut mempunyai persoalan karena berpotensi mengganggu kesehatan dan membahayakan cemaran lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan jenis teknologi yang aman, ramah terhadap lingkungan dan biaya yang efektif untuk penggunaan pelarut merupakan hal penting sebelum dilakukan desain metode/teknologi alternatif untuk esktrasi karotenoid. Pola produk molekuler kimia merupakan salah satu metode yang saat ini menjadi lebih populer untuk mencari pelarut dengan sifat-sifat yang dikehendaki sebelum diujicobakan. Kata kunci :    karotenoid, ekstrasi, pemisahan, teknologi, minyak sawit kasar, limbah industri pengolahan sawit.

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negisa Darajeh ◽  
Azni Idris ◽  
Paul Truong ◽  
Astimar Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rosenani Abu Bakar ◽  
...  

Palm oil mill effluent (POME), a pollutant produced by the palm oil industry, was treated by the Vetiver system technology (VST). This technology was applied for the first time to treat POME in order to decrease biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this study, two different concentrations of POME (low and high) were treated with Vetiver plants for 2 weeks. The results showed that Vetiver was able to reduce the BOD up to 90% in low concentration POME and 60% in high concentration POME, while control sets (without plant) only was able to reduce 15% of BOD. The COD reduction was 94% in low concentration POME and 39% in high concentration POME, while control just shows reduction of 12%. Morphologically, maximum root and shoot lengths were 70 cm, the number of tillers and leaves was 344 and 86, and biomass production was 4.1 kg m−2. These results showed that VST was effective in reducing BOD and COD in POME. The treatment in low concentration was superior to the high concentration. Furthermore, biomass of plant can be considered as a promising raw material for biofuel production while high amount of biomass was generated in low concentration of POME.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Siti Kamariah Md Sa' ◽  
N.A. at ◽  
Nastaein Qamaruz Zaman ◽  
Mohd Suffian Yusoff ◽  
Hossein Farraji

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.34) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Ashwin Charles ◽  
Chin Kui Cheng

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) pollution is a serious issue that has gained the attention of an international audience including policy makers, mill owners, NGOs and academicians. With a production rate of 74 million metric tonnes a year, Malaysia is in dire need for new technologies able to address this mounting problem. While previous research has attempted to modify existing microbial driven organic degradation methods to optimize the organic load removal, new studies recognize the futility in this endeavour as mills are unwilling to change the way they operate and adopt these disruptive technologies. Instead current research aims at tertiary polishing technologies of which photocatalysis has emerged as a forerunner. Recent advances indicate photocatalytic treatment of POME is a viable solution to the problem but for it to be cost effective, future studies should focus on visible light driven processes and new reactor configurations to improve the photocatalytic activity of existing systems.  


2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 02038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deodata Leela ◽  
Syukri M. Nur ◽  
Erkata Yandri ◽  
Ratna Ariati

The purpose of this paper is to prove that waste palm oil industry (POME) can be used as raw material (source of energy) for biodiesel. In the production process, palm oil mill produced large amounts of waste. The provision of a shelter pond system is a temporary solution from palm oil mill to relocate the liquid waste. With BOD content with range 25,625 to 39,616.7 mg/l and COD content with range 117,333.3 to 146,333.3 mg/l, this condition will generate a serious problem for environmental pollution. Therefore, it is important to test the characteristics of waste oil from each pond. The hexane solvent extraction method is used to separate the oil from the liquid waste. The first pond contains 51.3% water, 21% oil, 2% sludge & sediment and 5.6% free fatty acids. The second pond contains 86.7% water, 16.1% oil, 2.4% sludge & sediment and 8% free fatty acids. The third pond contains 74% water, 6.8% oil, 3.1% sludge & sediment and 12.2% free fatty acid and the fourth pond contains 78.7% water, 3.7% oil, 2% sludge & sediment and 13.3% free fatty acids. Based on the results of this research, the characteristics of POME and its oil losses are the fraction of oil wasted from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) processing, whereas CPO has characteristics as a raw material for Biodiesel. POME should be processed into biodiesel since the liquid waste is discarded from palm oil mill, so there is no need a big land to make waste storage ponds.


2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 1278-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Trisakti ◽  
Fatimah Batubara ◽  
Hiroyuki Daimon ◽  
Irvan .

This paper reports the minimum requirements of nickel and cobalt as trace metals in the formation of biogas from the digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Anaerobic digestion was conducted in a two-liter continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and operated at a thermophilic condition of 55oC. As raw material, a non-treated liquid waste from the mills was used. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the digesters was preserved at six days. The results come to the conclusion that the decrease of trace metals concentration didn’t influence the total solid, volatile solid concentration and also M-alkalinity. Based on the analyzed parameter, the reduction of trace metals concentration up to 97% of the initial nickel and cobalt concentration, 0.49 and 0.42 mg/L for nickel and cobalt, still allows the fermentation to obtain optimum biogas production, where the 90% reduction of trace metals produced the average volume of biogas 10.5 L/day at the rate of VS degradation 52-53%.


2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Muh. Ilham Anggamulia ◽  
Mindriany Syafila ◽  
Marisa Handajani ◽  
Andri Gumilar

Biomass is a central issue as new material that can be used as a substrate to produce biofuels, it has become global research to replace liquid fossil fuels with alternative renewable and sustainable fossils. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the potential of Agri-industrial waste to be used as alternative energy with anaerobic digestion of high concentration organic wastewater can be used for bioethanol production to replace food as raw material. Bioethanol can be produced in acidogenic steps in the organic degradation process. In this research, bacterial mixed cultures sourced from bovine rumen as biomass and the substrate used was palm oil mill effluent (POME) with a characteristic COD concentration of 25,600 mg/L, The operation of the reactor is set at pH 5; 6; 7 for 72 hours with the type of anaerobic circulating batch reactor (CBR), measurement of bioethanol products and acidogenesis of samples is carried out every 6 hours. The results showed that the reactor with variations in pH conditions 5 gave the highest efficiency of bioethanol formation in the 12 hour running process, result is 102,94 mg/L with a maximum formation rate of 9,98 mg/L/hour.


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