Forms of Parental Involvement in the Spiritual Development of Children: Lessons from Grace Community Christian Ministries Church in Kitengela.

The paper focuses on the forms through which parents are involved in developing the spiritual welfare of their children. The study utilised a case study design to focus on Grace Community Christian Ministries Church (GCCM) in Kitengela. Data collection methods involved the use of interviews. A small group of nine parents - participants - from GCCM church membership was selected. The collected data was further analyzed thematically. The following themes were generated: teaching, Bible stories, family activities, prayer, modelling, Church attendance, choice of school, exhaustion and lack of time, lack of support from spouse, inexperience and, information gap. It was revealed that some of the ways parents got involved in nurturing their children spiritually included: teaching, Bible stories, family activities, prayer, modelling, Church attendance and choice of school for the children. However, the most common methods used were Church attendance and Sunday school. The paper thus recommends that GCCM church should train parents on how to empower their children spiritually at home so that they do not only rely on the activities in Sunday school.

Understanding Paedobaptism In Light Of African Theological Context.

The study had a purpose of understanding paedobaptism in light of African theological context. The study is theoretically informed by inculturation theory that is well propounded by Mbiti (1969) and Bediako (1995). The researcher used qualitative methods of data presentation, descriptive and analytical research. Random and cluster selection design was used to sample hundred women of different age groups. He also targeted 50 men of the age between 30-60 years. The study also targeted 50 clergy of the two genders. Extensive reading of relevant literature was done to investigate efficacy of infant baptism. Interview and questionnaire was the method of data collection used in the study, prominent Church leaders and theologians were interviewed. The researcher then examined all data obtained from questionnaires and interview guides. It was coded appropriately and organised for analysis. Various correction tests were run using the SPSS (statistical packages for social sciences). The data was converted into mean, frequencies and percentages. This was used to generate tables and data. The study found out that all the clergy understood the real meaning of baptism as an act of strengthening faith, giving assurance and giving a title. A big percentage of the laity referred baptism as a means of attaining full membership into the church and just acquiring a name. The study recommended that the church needs to educate her members on the meaning of baptism, which is not only having a name and being a member of the church but for a holistic growth of the body of Christ.

Multisectoral Leadership Responsibilities in Addressing the Teenage Pregnancy Crisis in Kenya: A Study of Systematic Reviews

This paper, therefore, proposes ways through which leaders can innovatively address teenage pregnancy concerns in society. The report comparatively assesses data on the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy in Kenya and other countries in the region of East Africa and global interventions and their impact on the lives of teenagers and communities. It further examines data from empirical studies, especially from systematic reviews, to identify critical themes on teenage pregnancy and recommend intervention models based on the available data. The study conclude that teenage pregnancy has been a perennial issue in Kenyan society, leading to drop-out rates and denying teenagers, primarily girls, opportunities for university education or meaningful academic achievement to thrive. The study recommended that the government and other stakeholders should address the menace by providing students with opportunities to enhance possibilities of completing primary education (high school). Multidimensional and multi-sectoral, including multi-agency interventions, can create programs with the potential to reduce teenage pregnancies by lowering school dropout rates, improving academic performance, training on reproductive health, identifying and deploying talent, equipping for wealth creation and addressing retrogressive cultural practices.

Revisiting Jomo Kenyatta’s Nation Branding through the Construction of National Identity in Kenya.

This study analysed nation branding through the mobilisation of elements of Kenya’s national identity under Jomo Kenyatta’s regime. Nation branding and national identity perspectives are used to deepen the understanding of how Kenya constructed and branded its identity. It advances the notion that, as Kenya transitioned from colonialism to independence, a new nation was reimagined and redefined by mobilising elements of national identity and according them new meanings. The study is founded on the notion that the concept of nation branding is not new, nor is the practice since nations have historically reinvented themselves due to the changing circumstances. For Kenya, nation branding can be traced to the period following independence through the construction of the country’s national identity. This process was marked with the mobilisation of Kenya’s cultural elements aimed at replacing customs and traditions of the British constructed during the colonial period. Kenya’s nationalist leaders were motivated by the idea that colonialism had led to the emergence of a new breed of Africans shaped by and practising British cultures; a new form of culture that was neither African nor British or a new hybrid; and a group of Africans who were firmly attached to their African traditions. The need by Jomo Kenyatta, therefore, to change the colonial image to one that resonated with independent Kenya, as well as to assert his rule called for the replacement of the sonic and visual elements of British identity with those resonating with the new nation.

Assessment of Prosperity Gospel among Charismatic Churches in Kenya.

The researcher sought to investigate the rise of prosperity gospel and its momentum in the midst of the learned society who can read the Bible and get its true meaning. The Equation Theory guided the study. The theory is anchored on the principle of reward and retribution, which states that the goodness of a person is confirmed by physical wellbeing and material prosperity while a sinful person is defined by the opposite. The study was carried out in Kawagware, Nairobi County that is habited by good number of people, becoming a soft target for the prosperity gospel. The study targeted congregants attending Christian charismatic churches in the area. Multi-stage sampling techniques comprising of cluster, purposive, convenient and simple random sampling procedures were used to select the churches and congregants. Data was gathered using drop and pick questionnaire for congregants. Data was analysed using SPSS (version 20) and results summarised using descriptive statistics comprising of frequencies, percentages presented using tables. Prosperity gospel was found to be appealing to congregants as it was considered to address their economic wellbeing, social wellbeing, spiritual wellbeing, guaranteeing them for holiness according, having the spiritual appeal as well as promissory prophesies. As a show of commitment, the congregants attend the churches unwaveringly, participate in the church services, and sacrifice their time, offerings, tithes, and gifts. The researcher recommends that different players, government, faith-based and private organisations should provide economic opportunities and create awareness to people living in poverty stricken areas like the Kawangware to enable them make informed decision and have economic independence.

Samburu Pastrolists’ Utilization of Vital Resources for Survival in Colonial Kenya.

This study examined the resources vital for the survival of the Samburu pastoral people in pre-colonial Kenya and their use. The study covers the period from 1895 to 1961. The study discussed the Samburu traditional land tenures systems and exploitation of resources. It examined Samburu subsistence production. This study used two theories to achieve the set objectives. It utilized Carl Marx’s theory of political economy, which postulates that it is common ends that governs human relations. It is economic structure also referred to as substructure that provides the basis for the society on which the superstructure is built upon. The constituents of the superstructure are found on the analysis to reflect the interest of the dominant class. The study also uses Articulation theory of producing modes of production as advanced by Lonsdale and Bruce. Articulation theory is relevant to the study as it links the Samburu pastoralist pre-capitalist subsistence system of production to British Colonial State capitalist system of production. This study used both primary and secondary sources. The method selected to carry out this study was qualitative research method. The semi-structured questions were used in the interview. Data was analysed, categorized according to topics and subtopics. It was interpreted, written down and finally presented. The research findings will contribute to the historiography of pastoralism in Kenya.

Interrogating Clergy Compensation and Available Resources Competition in ACK Embu Diocese in Kenya.

The purpose of this study was to examine resources available against clergy compensation in ACK Embu Diocese. Descriptive study was carried out in four archdeaconries and inferential statistics were obtained using SPSS. The archdeaconries that were studied were Nginda, Kagaari, Kianjokoma and Karungu. The district has a population of 278,196, with total Christian population of ACK numbering to 25,000. The research design used in this study was descriptive. Kerringer (1969) state, descriptive studies are not only restricted to the facts finding but may often results in formulation of important principles of knowledge and solution to significant problems. The study employed questionnaire as the method of data collection. The researcher targeted a population of 300 people (clergy and laity). From the target population, a sample of 70 clergy and 120 laity people was purposively selected from the four archdeaconries. After data collection, the researcher put together all raw data and analyzed it by tabling it under respective groups of respondent (clergy, laity and administration). At the end of analyses the researcher presented the results in form of tables, pie charts and bar charts to help the readers understand the analyses in a better way. Validity and reliability were tested using pretesting methods. Validity is the accuracy and meaningfulness of the inferences which are based on the research resource. The study findings indicate that the resources available for clergy remuneration are land, investments (businesses such as rental income, book shops and schools) and also quota payments.

Effect of Rewards and Compensation on Job Satisfaction among Church Workers in Nakuru West Sub County

The main purpose of the study was to determine how reward and compensation affect job satisfaction among church workers in Nakuru West Sub County. Herzberg’s Two-Factor and the expectancy theories guided the study. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The target population for the study were the pastoral and other church employees in all the 4 mainstream churches in Nakuru West Sub County. These churches have combined staff population of 188 staff comprising of the pastors, evangelists, secretaries, administrators, caretakers and other staffs recruited depending on the needs and capability of the churches. The study used the primary data where questionnaires were used to collect data after being subjected to Cronbach test for reliability and judgmental test for validity. The study conducted a piloting study, Data was analysed using SPSS version and will initially be analysed using descriptive statistics, and thereon, inferential statistics such Pearson product moment correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. Results was presented in the form of tables and figures. From the research findings, the study concluded that, the study found that factors including salary, benefits, organisational policies, supervision, working conditions and relationships. On the other hand, motivators such as achievement, recognition, promotion, responsibility and work itself promote motivation and consequently satisfaction. The study concludes that employer should demonstrate equal and fair employee handling mechanisms based on their performance evaluation.

Establishing How Church Leadership Affects Job Satisfaction among Church Workers in Nakuru West Sub County.

The main purpose of the study was to establish how church leadership affects job satisfaction among church workers in Nakuru West Sub County. Herzberg’s Two-Factor and the expectancy theories guided the study. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The target population for the study were the pastoral and other church employees in all the 4 mainstream churches in Nakuru West Sub County. These churches have combined staff population of 188 staff comprising of the pastors, evangelists, secretaries, administrators, caretakers and other staffs recruited depending on the needs and capability of the churches. The study used the primary data where questionnaires were used to collect data after being subjected to Cronbach test for reliability and judgmental test for validity. The study conducted a piloting study, Data was analysed using SPSS version and will initially be analysed using descriptive statistics, and thereon, inferential statistics such Pearson product moment correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. Results was presented in the form of tables and figures. From the research findings, it can be concluded that church leadership encourages teamwork among employee leadership. The study recommended that church leadership do more effort on teamwork so they may able to share and integrate individual ideas for the betterment of job performance.

The Effect of Small-Scale Dairy Farming in Enhancing Sustainable Food Security for Farmers and their Households in Murang’a East Sub-County, Murang’a County.

The study sought to investigate the effect of small-scale dairy farming in enhancing sustainable food security for farmers and their households in Murang’a East Sub-County, Murang’a County. The paper applied descriptive research design and quantitative research technique for the methodology. Besides, the investigation used a sample size computed from a populace size of small-scale dairy farmers in Gaturi, Township and Mbiri Wards (lower Kiharu Constituency), Murang’a East Sub-County, approximated to be 45,000 Km2. The sample size comprised of 385 respondents selected through stratified sampling aiming at the equal representation of the three wards. Out of the selected 385 individuals, only 297 respondents were effective participants in the study. The rest did not give feedback or were nonresponsive. The data analysis used descriptive statistics through the Microsoft Excel data analysis tools to develop distribution tables, frequencies, percentages, charts, and measures of central tendency. Data collection instruments included questionnaires, interviews and observation. The study also conducted a pre-test and analysis to ensure validity, accuracy, and reliability of instruments applied. Data collection process involved getting permits and necessary approvals. The study concluded that the study concludes that small-scale dairy farming has an effect in multiple ways on food security within the county. The effect is the provision of milk to the farmers for consumption as food. The study recommends that county government should invest in research activities that would enhance dairy farming practices. Such research activities may include those on the market, diseases, animal feeds, and value addition to dairy produce.