scholarly journals Identification of Immunogenic Antigens of Naegleria fowleri Adjuvanted by Cholera Toxin

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Saúl Rojas-Hernández ◽  
Mara Gutiérrez-Sánchez ◽  
Diego Alexander Rojas-Ortega ◽  
Patricia Bonilla-Lemus ◽  
Arturo Contis-Montes de Oca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Intranasal Administration ◽  
Naegleria Fowleri ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nægleria Fowleri

The intranasal administration of Naegleria fowleri lysates plus cholera toxin (CT) increases protection against N. fowleri meningoencephalitis in mice, suggesting that humoral immune response mediated by antibodies is crucial to induce protection against the infection. In the present study, we applied a protein analysis to detect and identify immunogenic antigens from N. fowleri, which might be responsible for such protection. A Western blot assay of N. fowleri polypeptides was performed using the serum and nasal washes from mice immunized with N. fowleri lysates, either alone or with CT after one, two, three, or four weekly immunizations and challenged with trophozoites of N. fowleri. Immunized mice with N. fowleri plus CT, after four doses, had the highest survival rate (100%). Nasal or sera IgA and IgG antibody response was progressively stronger as the number of immunizations was increased, and that response was mainly directed to 250, 100, 70, 50, 37, and 19 kDa polypeptide bands, especially in the third and fourth immunization. Peptides present in these immunogenic bands were matched by nano-LC–ESI-MSMS with different proteins, which could serve as candidates for a vaccine against N. fowleri infection.

scholarly journals Immune response of calves inoculated with proteins ofAnaplasma marginale bound to an immunostimulant complex

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Ribeiro Gasparini ◽  
Rafael Felipe da Costa Vieira ◽  
Denise Amaral Gomes do Nascimento ◽  
João Luis Garcia ◽  
Odilon Vidotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
The Third ◽  
Additional Testing ◽  
Major Surface Proteins ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Major Surface

Despite our current knowledge of the immunology, pathology, and genetics of Anaplasma marginale, prevention in cattle is currently based on old standbys, including live attenuated vaccines, antibiotic treatment, and maintaining enzootic stability in cattle herds. In the present study, we evaluated the use of an immunostimulant complex (ISCOMATRIX) adjuvant, associated with a pool of recombinant major surface proteins (rMSP1a, rMSP1b, rMSP4 and rMSP5) to improve the humoral immune response triggered in calves mainly by IgG2. Ten calves were divided in three groups: 4 calves were inoculated with the ISCOMATRIX/rMSPs (G1); 2 calves were inoculated with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant (G2); and 4 calves received saline (G3). Three inoculations were administered at 21-day intervals. In G1, the calves showed significant increases in total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 levels 21 days after the second inoculation, compared to the control group (p < 0.05), and G1 calves remained above the cut-off value 28 days after the third inoculation (p < 0.05). The post-immunized sera from calves in G1 reacted specifically for each of the rMSPs used. In conclusion, the ISCOMATRIX/rMSPs induced antigen-specific seroconversion in calves. Therefore, additional testing to explore the protection induced by rMSPs, both alone and in conjunction with proteins previously identified as subdominant epitopes, is warranted.

The early cellular and humoral immune response to primary and booster oral immunization with cholera toxin B subunit

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2087-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. M. Lewis ◽  
Pavel Novotny ◽  
Gordon Dougan ◽  
George E. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Cholera Toxin B Subunit ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Cholera Toxin B ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
B Subunit

scholarly journals COVID19 vaccine type and humoral immune response in patients receiving dialysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Garcia ◽  
Shuchi Anand ◽  
Jialin Han ◽  
Maria Montez-Rath ◽  
Sumi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Index ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Vaccination Response ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Igg Index ◽  
Impaired Immune Response ◽  
Index Value

Background Patients on dialysis vaccinated with the attenuated adenovirus SARS-CoV-2 vaccine might mount an impaired response to vaccination. Methods We evaluated the humoral vaccination response among 2,099 fully vaccinated patients receiving dialysis. We used commercially available assays (Siemens) to assess prevalence of no response or diminished response to COVID-19 vaccination by vaccine type. We defined no seroconversion as lack of change from negative to positive in total RBD Ig antibody, no detectable response on semiquantitative RBD IgG antibody (index value <1) as no RBD IgG response, and a semiquantitative RBD IgG index value <10 as diminished RBD IgG response Results Of the 2,099 fully vaccinated patients on dialysis, the proportion receiving the mRNA1273, BNT162b2, and Ad26.COV2.S were 62% (n=1316), 20% (n=416) and 18% (n=367), respectively. A third (33.3%) of patients receiving the attenuated adenovirus Ad26.COV2.S vaccine failed to seroconvert and an additional 36% had no detectable or diminished IgG response even 28-60 days post vaccination. Conclusions One in three fully vaccinated patients receiving dialysis had evidence of an impaired immune response to the attenuated adenovirus Ad26.COV2.S vaccine.

scholarly journals Intranasal Coadministration of the Cry1Ac Protoxin with Amoebal Lysates Increases Protection against Naegleria fowleri Meningoencephalitis

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 4368-4375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saúl Rojas-Hernández ◽  
Marco A. Rodríguez-Monroy ◽  
Rubén López-Revilla ◽  
Aldo A. Reséndiz-Albor ◽  
Leticia Moreno-Fierros
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Naegleria Fowleri ◽  
Lethal Challenge ◽  
Mucosal Vaccines ◽  
Nægleria Fowleri ◽  
Adjuvant Effects ◽  
Amoebic Meningoencephalitis

ABSTRACT Cry1Ac protoxin has potent mucosal and systemic adjuvant effects on antibody responses to proteins or polysaccharides. In this work, we examined whether Cry1Ac increased protective immunity against fatal Naegleria fowleri infection in mice, which resembles human primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) than IgA anti-N. fowleri responses were elicited in the serum and tracheopulmonary fluids of mice immunized by the intranasal or intraperitoneal route with N. fowleri lysates either alone or with Cry1Ac or cholera toxin. Superior protection against a lethal challenge with 5 × 104 live N. fowleri trophozoites was achieved for immunization by the intranasal route. Intranasal immunization of N. fowleri lysates coadministered with Cry1Ac increased survival to 100%; interestingly, immunization with Cry1Ac alone conferred similar protection to that achieved with amoebal lysates alone (60%). When mice intranasally immunized with Cry1Ac plus lysates were challenged with amoebae, both IgG and IgA mucosal responses were rapidly increased, but only the increased IgG response persisted until day 60 in surviving mice. The brief rise in the level of specific mucosal IgA does not exclude the role that this isotype may play in the early defense against this parasite, since higher IgA responses were detected in nasal fluids of mice intranasally immunized with lysates plus either Cry1Ac or cholera toxin, which, indeed, were the treatments that provided the major protection levels. In contrast, serum antibody responses do not seem to be related to the protection level achieved. Both acquired and innate immune systems seem to play a role in host defense against N. fowleri infection, but further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms involved in protective effects conferred by Cry1Ac, which may be a valuable tool to improve mucosal vaccines.

The immune response induced by DNA vaccine expressing nfa1 gene against Naegleria fowleri

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 2377-2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Sang-Hee Lee ◽  
Hae-Jin Sohn ◽  
Jinyoung Lee ◽  
Yong-Joon Chwae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Naegleria Fowleri ◽  
Nægleria Fowleri

scholarly journals Vaccination with Lentiviral Vector Expressing thenfa1Gene Confers a Protective Immune Response to Mice Infected with Naegleria fowleri

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1055-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Hae-Jin Sohn ◽  
Jinyoung Lee ◽  
Hee-Jong Yang ◽  
Yong-Joon Chwae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Lentiviral Vector ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Dna Vaccination ◽  
Naegleria Fowleri ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Nægleria Fowleri

ABSTRACTNaegleria fowleri, a pathogenic free-living amoeba, causes fatal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in humans and animals. Thenfa1gene (360 bp), cloned from a cDNA library ofN. fowleri, produces a 13.1-kDa recombinant protein which is located on pseudopodia, particularly the food cup structure. Thenfa1gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis ofN. fowleriinfection. To examine the effect ofnfa1DNA vaccination againstN. fowleriinfection, we constructed a lentiviral vector (pCDH) expressing thenfa1gene. For thein vivomouse study, BALB/c mice were intranasally vaccinated with viral particles of a viral vector expressing thenfa1gene. To evaluate the effect of vaccination and immune responses of mice, we analyzed the IgG levels (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a), cytokine induction (interleukin-4 [IL-4] and gamma interferon [IFN-γ]), and survival rates of mice that developed PAM. The levels of both IgG and IgG subclasses (IgG1 and IgG2a) in vaccinated mice were significantly increased. The cytokine analysis showed that vaccinated mice exhibited greater IL-4 and IFN-γ production than the other control groups, suggesting a Th1/Th2 mixed-type immune response. In vaccinated mice, high levels of Nfa1-specific IgG antibodies continued until 12 weeks postvaccination. The mice vaccinated with viral vector expressing thenfa1gene also exhibited significantly higher survival rates (90%) after challenge withN. fowleritrophozoites. Finally, thenfa1vaccination effectively induced protective immunity by humoral and cellular immune responses inN. fowleri-infected mice. These results suggest that DNA vaccination using a viral vector may be a potential tool againstN. fowleriinfection.

Oral immunization of mice with a glycoconjugate vaccine containing the O157 antigen of Escherichia coli O157:H7 admixed with cholera toxin fails to elicit protection against subsequent colonization by the pathogen

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wayne Conlan ◽  
Rhonda KuoLee ◽  
Ann Webb ◽  
Andrew D Cox ◽  
Malcolm B Perry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Unvaccinated Control ◽  
Glycoconjugate Vaccine

It has been postulated that a humoral immune response directed against the O157 antigen of Escherichia coli O157:H7, and expressed in the intestine, might afford protection from colonization and consequent infection by this enteric pathogen. The present study was conducted to determine whether such an immune response can be experimentally generated in mice. To this end, mice were orally immunized with a glycoconjugate vaccine consisting of horse serum albumin and the O157 polysaccharide admixed with the mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin. Mice consistently developed robust local and systemic immune responses to the cholera toxin adjuvant, but were far from uniformly reactive to the test vaccine. Moreover, vaccinated mice were as susceptible to transient intestinal colonization following challenge with an isolate of E. coli O157:H7 as unvaccinated control mice. These results indicate that this vaccination approach is unlikely to be straightforward in target bovine or human hosts.Key words: Escherichia coli O157:H7, glycoconjugate vaccine, mucosal immunity, mice.

scholarly journals Antibody persistency and trend post-SARS-CoV-2 infection at eight months

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki ◽  
Asiya Kamber Zaidi ◽  
Annamaria Porreca ◽  
Alessandro Floridi ◽  
Emanuela Floridi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Analytical System

AbstractAn improved understanding of the immunity offered by the antibodies developed against SARS-CoV-2 is critical for the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines. Our study aimed at the longitudinal analysis of antibody presence, persistence and its trend over a period of eight months in a group of COVID-19 recovered patients who tested positive by real-time quantitative PCR for SARS-CoV-2 in the period between the 18th and 30th of March, 2020. The subjects were divided into two groups based on disease severity: mild and moderately-severe. The MAGLUMI 2019-nCoV lgM/lgG chemiluminescent analytical system (CLIA) assay was used to analyse the antibody titres. Robust IgG antibody persistency was demonstrated in 76.7 % of the subjects (23 out of 30) at eight months post-infection. The results of this study highlight an important point in terms of the association between humoral immune response and disease severity. Patients who might have experienced a relatively moderate-severe infection may develop a robust immunity that could persist for a longer duration.

scholarly journals Humoral immune response of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis sonicated antigens in rabbits

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0E) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Ekram A. Al-Samarrae
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
The Third ◽  
Infected Goat

Salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis were isolated from infected goat andprepared an antigens of whole cell sonicated antigen of S.typhimurium(WCS.Ag.S.typhimurium ),whole cell sonicated antigen of S.enteritidis (WCS.Ag.S.entertidis) and combination of whole cell sonicated antigen (Salmonella typhimurium andSalmonella enteritidis) (CWS.Ag) . Their efficacy was evaluated by using tube agglutinationtest and enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Twenty rabbits were randomlydivided into four groups; the 1st group was immunized by WCS. Ag - Salmonella enteritidis,2nd group immunized by (WCS Ags .typhimurium), 3rd group immunized by CWCS.Agcompound and 4th left as control group which injected by physiological buffer saline (pH7.2). The antibody titer was increased in after the day 12, first, second and third months ofimmunization by agglutination test. IgG concentration was done by ELISA at the same time;which were recorded a higher significant differences (p˂ 0.01) at the first month in the groupimmunized by CWS Ag (449.65 ±38.6 1ng/ml IgG and 952± 20.85 antibodies titer )compared with other immunized groups ( WCS – Ag – S. enteritidis andWCS.Ag.S.typhimurium ). Also, the IgG concentration and antibodies titer are still higher inthe second and the third months in the immunized group by CWCS.Ag. 218.90± 6.69ng/ml,528± 68.58 and 89.55± 2.63ng/ml, 280± 49.98 respectively with significant differences (p˂0.01) compared with the immunized groups (WCS.Ag.S. entertidis and WCS. Ag.S.typhimurium) and also, they are significant (p˂ 0.01) when compared with the control groupResearch

scholarly journals Effect of ampicillin and chloroquine on humoral immune response elicited by bovine albumin encapsulated in liposomes

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitender Madan ◽  
Dinesh Kaushik ◽  
Satish Sardana ◽  
Dina Mishra ◽  
Shalinder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Bovine Albumin ◽  
Humoral Immune

Effect of ampicillin and chloroquine on humoral immune response elicited by bovine albumin encapsulated in liposomesImmune suppression resulting from chemoprophylaxis and potential drug interaction were investigated in experimental animals pre-medicated with ampicillin and chloroquine followed by immunization with bovine serum albumin bearing liposomes prepared by the reverse phase evaporation method. The prepared liposomes were evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency andin vitrorelease. Humoral immune response was measured in terms of systemic IgG antibody titre by the ELISA method. The present study showed that 7:3 molar ratio of soya phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol produced liposomes of mean diameter of 235.4 ± 10.3 nm and entrapment efficiency of 41.3 ± 3.2%. Ampicillin significantly (p< 0.05) decreased the antibody titre whereas chloroquine did not reduce the antibody titre significantly. The study will help in programming a new drug management and in characterization of vaccine-drug interaction.

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