scholarly journals Parasitic Infections in African Humans and Non-Human Primates

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hacène Medkour ◽  
Inestin Amona ◽  
Younes Laidoudi ◽  
Bernard Davoust ◽  
Idir Bitam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Animal Conservation ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Barbary Macaques ◽  
The Republic

Different protozoa and metazoa have been detected in great apes, monkeys and humans with possible interspecies exchanges. Some are either nonpathogenic or their detrimental effects on the host are not yet known. Others lead to serious diseases that can even be fatal. Their survey remains of great importance for public health and animal conservation. Fecal samples from gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and humans living in same area in the Republic of Congo, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) from Senegal and one other from the Republic of Congo, Guinea baboons (Papio papio) from Senegal, hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) from Djibouti and Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) from Algeria, were collected. DNA was extracted and screened using specific qPCR assays for the presence of a large number of helminths and protozoa. Positive samples were then amplified in standard PCRs and sequenced when possible. Overall, infection rate was 36.5% in all non-human primates (NHPs) and 31.6% in humans. Great apes were more often infected (63.6%) than monkeys (7.3%). At least twelve parasite species, including ten nematodes and two protozoa were discovered in NHPs and five species, including four nematodes and a protozoan in humans. The prevalences of Giarida lamblia, Necator americanus, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis were similar between gorillas and human community co-habiting the same forest ecosystem in the Republic of Congo. In addition, human specific Mansonella perstans (5.1%) and other Mansonella spp. (5.1%) detected in these gorillas suggest a possible cross-species exchange. Low prevalence (2%) of Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis were observed in chimpanzees, as well as a high prevalence of Abbreviata caucasica (57.1%), which should be considered carefully as this parasite can affect other NHPs, animals and humans. The Barbary macaques were less infected (7.2%) and Oesophagostomum muntiacum was the main parasite detected (5.8%). Finally, we report the presence of Pelodera sp. and an environmental Nematoda DNAs in chimpanzee feces, Nematoda sp. and Bodo sp. in gorillas, as well as DNA of uncharacterized Nematoda in apes and humans, but with a relatively lower prevalence in humans. Prevalence of extraintestinal parasites remains underestimated since feces are not the suitable sampling methods. Using non-invasive sampling (feces) we provide important information on helminths and protozoa that can infect African NHPs and human communities living around them. Public health and animal conservation authorities need to be aware of these infections, as parasites detected in African NHPs could affect both human and other animals’ health.

scholarly journals Correction: Adenovirus and Herpesvirus Diversity in Free-Ranging Great Apes in the Sangha Region of the Republic of Congo

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. e0221845
Author(s):  
Tracie A. Seimon ◽  
Sarah H. Olson ◽  
Kerry Jo Lee ◽  
Gail Rosen ◽  
Alain Ondzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Apes ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Enteroviruses from Humans and Great Apes in the Republic of Congo: Recombination within Enterovirus C Serotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inestin Amona ◽  
Hacène Medkour ◽  
Jean Akiana ◽  
Bernard Davoust ◽  
Mamadou Lamine Tall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Great Ape ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
The Family ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
The Republic

Enteroviruses (EVs) are viruses of the family Picornaviridae that cause mild to severe infections in humans and in several animal species, including non-human primates (NHPs). We conducted a survey and characterization of enteroviruses circulating between humans and great apes in the Congo. Fecal samples (N = 24) of gorillas and chimpanzees living close to or distant from humans in three Congolese parks were collected, as well as from healthy humans (N = 38) living around and within these parks. Enteroviruses were detected in 29.4% of gorilla and 13.15% of human feces, including wild and human-habituated gorillas, local humans and eco-guards. Two identical strains were isolated from two humans coming from two remote regions. Their genomes were similar and all genes showed their close similarity to coxsackieviruses, except for the 3C, 3D and 5′-UTR regions, where they were most similar to poliovirus 1 and 2, suggesting recombination. Recombination events were found between these strains, poliovirus 1 and 2 and EV-C99. It is possible that the same EV-C species circulated in both humans and apes in different regions in the Congo, which must be confirmed in other investigations. In addition, other studies are needed to further investigate the circulation and genetic diversity of enteroviruses in the great ape population, to draw a definitive conclusion on the different species and types of enteroviruses circulating in the Republic of Congo.

scholarly journals Status of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Primary School Children in Rivers State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Abah ◽  
F. O. I. Arene
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Rivers State

Status of intestinal parasitic infections among primary school children in Rivers State, Nigeria, was investigated between January and December 2011. A total of 3,826 stool samples were collected from school children (1,828 males and 1998 females) in 36 primary schools from 13 local government areas of Rivers State. The samples were analyzed using wet saline/iodine and formol ether concentration methods. Of the 3,826 stool samples examined, 1059 (27.66%) were positive for different intestinal parasites, namely,Ascaris lumbricoides(51.78%), hookworm sp. (25.0%),Trichuris trichiura(15.18%),Strongyloides stercoralis(7.14%),Taeniasp. (0.89%), andEnterobius vermicularis(0.01%). The prevalence of the infection was generally higher in males (57.60%) than females (42.40%). The differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Among these intestinal parasites,Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm sp., andTrichuris trichiurawere found in all the 13 local government areas studied whileStrongyloides stercoraliswas found in 12,Taeniasp. in five, andEnterobius vermicularisin only one community in Ahoada Local Government Area. The overall infection rate remains high and would require coordinated deworming of the school children within the state.

scholarly journals Adenovirus Infections in African Humans and Wild Non-Human Primates: Great Diversity and Cross-Species Transmission

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Hacène Medkour ◽  
Inestin Amona ◽  
Jean Akiana ◽  
Bernard Davoust ◽  
Idir Bitam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Human Sample ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Papio Papio

Non-human primates (NHPs) are known hosts for adenoviruses (AdVs), so there is the possibility of the zoonotic or cross-species transmission of AdVs. As with humans, AdV infections in animals can cause diseases that range from asymptomatic to fatal. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of AdVs in: (i) fecal samples of apes and monkeys from different African countries (Republic of Congo, Senegal, Djibouti and Algeria), (ii) stool of humans living near gorillas in the Republic of Congo, in order to explore the potential zoonotic risks. Samples were screened by real-time and standard PCRs, followed by the sequencing of the partial DNA polymerase gene in order to identify the AdV species. The prevalence was 3.3 folds higher in NHPs than in humans. More than 1/3 (35.8%) of the NHPs and 1/10 (10.5%) of the humans excreted AdVs in their feces. The positive rate was high in great apes (46%), with a maximum of 54.2% in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and 35.9% in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), followed by monkeys (25.6%), with 27.5% in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) and 23.1% in baboons (seven Papio papio and six Papio hamadryas). No green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) were found to be positive for AdVs. The AdVs detected in NHPs were members of Human mastadenovirus E (HAdV-E), HAdV-C or HAdV-B, and those in the humans belonged to HAdV-C or HAdV-D. HAdV-C members were detected in both gorillas and humans, with evidence of zoonotic transmission since phylogenetic analysis revealed that gorilla AdVs belonging to HAdV-C were genetically identical to strains detected in humans who had been living around gorillas, and, inversely, a HAdV-C member HAdV type was detected in gorillas. This confirms the gorilla-to-human transmission of adenovirus. which has been reported previously. In addition, HAdV-E members, the most often detected here, are widely distributed among NHP species regardless of their origin, i.e., HAdV-E members seem to lack host specificity. Virus isolation was successful from a human sample and the strain of the Mbo024 genome, of 35 kb, that was identified as belonging to HAdV-D, exhibited close identity to HAdV-D members for all genes. This study provides information on the AdVs that infect African NHPs and the human populations living nearby, with an evident zoonotic transmission. It is likely that AdVs crossed the species barrier between different NHP species (especially HAdV-E members), between NHPs and humans (especially HAdV-C), but also between humans, NHPs and other animal species.

scholarly journals Adenovirus and Herpesvirus Diversity in Free-Ranging Great Apes in the Sangha Region of the Republic of Congo

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0118543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracie A. Seimon ◽  
Sarah H. Olson ◽  
Kerry Jo Lee ◽  
Gail Rosen ◽  
Alain Ondzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Apes ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Correction: Adenovirus and Herpesvirus Diversity in Free-Ranging Great Apes in the Sangha Region of the Republic of Congo

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e0142766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracie A. Seimon ◽  
Sarah H. Olson ◽  
Kerry Jo Lee ◽  
Gail Rosen ◽  
Alain Ondzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Apes ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Prevalence of Human Intestinal Parasites in Tabriz City of Iran During 2018 and the Importance of These Parasites in Public Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Yagoob Garedaghi ◽  
Hamidreza Hassanzadeh Khanmiri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
World Health ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
The World ◽  
Tabriz City

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections are among the main problems in developing countries. It is estimated that over 4.5 billion people in the world have been infected with a variety of intestinal parasites. Numerous studies conducted in different parts of Iran showed the spread of intestinal parasite infections in different urban and rural areas. However, the prevalence of these infections significantly reduced in recent years due to improvements in public health. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted in a hospital in Tabriz city of Iran, 700 stool samples were collected during one year and studied using formalin-ether concentration method and Lugol’s iodine staining. Results: In this study, six types of parasites including Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli, Chilomastix mesnili, Blastocystis hominis, and Enterobius vermicularis were detected in 700 fecal samples. A total of 112 (16%) samples were infected, among which 43 (40%) were infected with Giardia lamblia, 35 (32%) with Entamoeba histolytica, 20 (18%) with Enterobius vermicularis, 10 (9%) with Entamoeba coli, 3 (0.026%) with Blastocystis hominis, and 1 (0.008%) with Chilomastix mesnili. Conclusion: In this study, the highest prevalence of infection belonged to Giardia lamblia (40%), which is consistent with the statistics published by the World Health Organization. According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that despite the increase in the provision of health services in cities and villages, the prevalence of intestinal parasites, especially Giardia lamblia, is one of the major problems in the region. Therefore, there is a need for proper and coherent health planning in the region and accurate and up-to-date epidemiological information.

Ebola response in the Republic of Congo

Waterlines ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Visser
Keyword(s):  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic

Suspected acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome in the Republic of Congo

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
A C de Benoist
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic

On 12 June 2002, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Congo reported six suspected cases, including five deaths, of acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome in Mbomo district, near the Gabonese border (1). The first cases occurred in a group of people who had been working in a gold mining camp in a forest south of Oloba. It seems that they may have been exposed to the same source, a chimpanzee found dead in the forest.

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