scholarly journals Prevalence of Human Intestinal Parasites in Tabriz City of Iran During 2018 and the Importance of These Parasites in Public Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Yagoob Garedaghi ◽  
Hamidreza Hassanzadeh Khanmiri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
World Health ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
The World ◽  
Tabriz City

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections are among the main problems in developing countries. It is estimated that over 4.5 billion people in the world have been infected with a variety of intestinal parasites. Numerous studies conducted in different parts of Iran showed the spread of intestinal parasite infections in different urban and rural areas. However, the prevalence of these infections significantly reduced in recent years due to improvements in public health. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted in a hospital in Tabriz city of Iran, 700 stool samples were collected during one year and studied using formalin-ether concentration method and Lugol’s iodine staining. Results: In this study, six types of parasites including Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli, Chilomastix mesnili, Blastocystis hominis, and Enterobius vermicularis were detected in 700 fecal samples. A total of 112 (16%) samples were infected, among which 43 (40%) were infected with Giardia lamblia, 35 (32%) with Entamoeba histolytica, 20 (18%) with Enterobius vermicularis, 10 (9%) with Entamoeba coli, 3 (0.026%) with Blastocystis hominis, and 1 (0.008%) with Chilomastix mesnili. Conclusion: In this study, the highest prevalence of infection belonged to Giardia lamblia (40%), which is consistent with the statistics published by the World Health Organization. According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that despite the increase in the provision of health services in cities and villages, the prevalence of intestinal parasites, especially Giardia lamblia, is one of the major problems in the region. Therefore, there is a need for proper and coherent health planning in the region and accurate and up-to-date epidemiological information.

What are Hidden Facts behind Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Ilam City?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-287
Author(s):  
S. Viesy ◽  
J. Abdi ◽  
Z. Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are the one of the most common health problems in developing countries. Objective: A number of patients die annually due to complications caused by these parasites.Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the rate and type of parasitic infections, determine the factors affecting them in Ilam city and also provide strategies to prevent them.In this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in one of the Ilam labs in 2016, 417 stool specimens were randomly collected. All specimens were examined using direct and ethanol formaldehyde.Suspect specimens were examined using Trichrom staining. Demographic information was also recorded in a questionnaire, and finally the results were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 20.The data were then compared with Chi-square test. Results: Out of the 417 patients examined, 59 (14.1%) were infected with intestinal parasites. The type of parasitic infection in 9.4% was Blastocystis hominis, 3.6% Entamoeba coli, 0.5% Entamoeba histolytica, 0.5% Giardia and 0.2% Trichomonas hominis. Conclusion: Despite the improvement of public health, parasitic infections are still considered as one of the health problems in the city of Ilam. Therefore, proper planning, public health education, raising the level of health in the area and the provision of safe drinking water are some of the ways to reduce parasitic infections in the region.

scholarly journals Detection of Cryptosporidium spp and other intestinal parasites in children with acute diarrhea and severe dehydration in Rio de Janeiro

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa ◽  
Alessandra Queiroga Gonçalves ◽  
Sandra Laranjeira Lassance ◽  
Carla Pontes de Albuquerque ◽  
José Paulo Gagliardi Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Stool Samples

The objective of the present study was to estimate the frequency of infection by Cryptosporidium spp and other intestinal parasites in dehydrated children with gastroenteritis who were admitted to a pediatric hospital. Stool examinations from 218 children were performed. Cryptosporidium spp was identified in eighteen out of 193 stool samples (9.3%) subjected to safranin-methylene blue staining. Giardia lamblia was detected in ten out of 213 (4.7%) samples examined via the direct or Ritchie methods. Other parasites identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (4.2%), Blastocystis hominis (1.4%), Entamoeba coli (0.9%), Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (0.5%), Endolimax nana (0.5%), Trichuris trichiura (0.5%) and Enterobius vermicularis (0.5%).

Parasitic Infections

2012 ◽  
pp. 190-217
Author(s):  
Jon E. Rosenblatt ◽  
Bobbi S. Pritt
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
Parasitic Worms

This chapter covers protozoa, helminths, and arthropods. 1. Protozoa are single-celled, microscopic eukaryotic organisms like amebae and Giardia. Helminths are parasitic worms including nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms), and trematodes (flukes). Arthropods, like ticks and mites, are generally considered parasites. Specific organisms reviewed include Giardia lamblia, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba histolytica, Plasmodium falciparum, Babesia microti, and Toxoplasma gondii. Diagnosis and treatment of different types of infection are also reviewed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of sterilization materials added to drinking water in the elimination of the Larval stages of parasites in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3665-3668
Author(s):  
Sahira Ayed A. Al-Musawi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale

The study was conducted to investigate the cysts and eggs of intestinal parasites in drinking water in four models of drinking water for water purification projects in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate for the period from 1/10/2017 to 1/10/2018. The results of the examination of river water in four districts in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf governorate showed the presence of five species of parasites are cysts of  Entamoeba histolytica by 39%, and the eggs of the  Ascaris worm by 12%,  worm Ancylostoma duodenale  by 4%,  Giardia lamblia cysts 40%, and the eggs of  Enterobius vermicularis by 18%. The results of the tap water examination showed that there were five types of intestinal parasites, but at a lower rate than in river water,  Entamoeba histolytica cysts by 16%, eggs of Ascaris by 7%, Ancylostoma duodenale eggs by 2%, Giardia lamblia cysts by 29%, and Enterobius vermicularis by 5% overall.

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among diarrheic patients from Ahvaz, southwestern Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saina Karami ◽  
Molouk Beiromvand ◽  
Kobra Kohansal
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Southwestern Iran

Background:: Intestinal parasitic infections are one of the most common infections in humans, particularly in re-source-poor communities. Gastrointestinal parasites, specially protozoa can lead to diarrhea, malabsorption, and anemia. The majority of parasitic diarrhea is caused by Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, and Cryptosporidium spp.. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among diarrheic patients referred to the Shahid Rajaee Polyclinic, Ahvaz, southwestern Iran. Methods:: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among 250 diarrheic pa-tients using direct smear, formalin-ether concentration, ziehl- neelsen, and trichrome staining. Results:: The results indicated that 34.4% (86/250) of the patients were infected with pathogenic parasites. Giardia duode-nalis with an occurrence of 18.8% (47/250) and Cryptosporidium spp. with a frequency of 2.8% (7/250) had the highest and lowest infection rates, respectively. Blastocystis hominis with a frequency of 15.2% (38/250) showed the highest prevalence rate after G. duodenalis. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar was observed in 3 (1.2%) of diarrheic patients. The age group 1−10 years old was the most frequently infected group (27.9%). We could not find a significant association between the source of drinking water and intestinal parasitic infections (p= 0.912). Conclusions:: This study demonstrated that G. duodenalis was the predominant parasite found among the patients. The re-sults revealed that intestinal parasites were one of the main health problems in the region.

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in patients attending National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, from 2013 to 2015: A retrospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Karma Norbu ◽  
Adeep Mongar ◽  
Nima Dorji ◽  
Leki D. Drukpa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Introduction: Infection with intestinal parasites continues to be a significant public health problem worldwide. There is no information on the prevalence of these intestinal parasites in patients visiting the National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan. Methods: The study utilized information of stool data from 2013 to 2015 and was analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Wet and Iodine mount technique were used for identification. Results: The overall intestinal prevalence rate was 2.1%. Out of 5919 stool samples, Giardia lamblia has the highest rate of 0.93%, followed by Entamoeba coli 0.15%, Trichomonahomonis 0.19% and Taeniaspp. 0.17%.Giardia lamblia infection was 1.03% in males and 0.85% in females. The overall prevalence rate of parasitic infections was highest in >56 years age group with 2.83% in females and 2.0% in males. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites is a concern in the country. Furthermore, this study provides insights to develop effective public health intervention for reducing parasitic infections in the country.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitosis, anaemia and risk factors among pre-school children in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araya Gebreyesus Wasihun ◽  
Mekonen Teferi ◽  
Letemichal Negash ◽  
Javier Marugán ◽  
Dejen Yemane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
School Children ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Tigray Region

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) and anaemia are major health problems. This study assessed the prevalence of IPI, anaemia and associated factors among pre-school children in rural areas of the Tigray region, northern Ethiopia.Methodology/Principal FindingA community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 610 pre-school children in rural communities of Northern Ethiopia from June 2017 to August 2017. Stool specimens were examined for the presence of trophozoites, cysts, oocysts, and ova using direct, formal-ethyl acetate concentration, Kato–Katz, and Ziehl-Neelsen techniques. Haemoglobin was measured using a HemoCue spectrometer. Among the 610 pre-school children participated in the study, prevalence of IPIs and anaemia were 58% (95% CI: 54.1–61.9%) and 21·6% (95% CI: 18·5% to 25·1%), respectively. Single, double, and triple parasitic infections were seen in 249 (41%, 95% CI: 37% to 45%), 83 (14%, 95% CI: 11% to 17%), and 22 (3.6%, 95% CI: 2.4% to 5.4%) children, respectively. Of the seven intestinal parasitic organisms recorded from the participants,Entamoeba histolytica/disparwas the most prevalent 220 (36.1%) followed byGiardia lamblia128 (20.1%), andHymenolepis nana102 (16.7%). Mixed infections were common amongG. lamblia, E. histolytica/disparandCryptosporidiumspp. oocyst. Age 48-59 months prevalence ratio (PR = 1·078, P=0·009), child deworming (PR= 1.2; 95% CI=1.00-1.4, p= 0.045), and having two or more children aged under five (PR=0.76, 95% CI= 0.61-0.95, p=0.015) were independent predictors for IPIs. Anaemia was associated with proper disposal of solid waste (PR= 1.5, 95% CI=0.1.1-2.10, p=0.009). Eating raw meat (PR=0.49, 95% CI=0.45-0.54, p=0.000), any maternal education (PR=0.64 95% CI=0.52-0.79, p=0.000), and household water treatment (PR=0.75, 95% CI=0.56-1.0, p=0.044) were associated with lower prevalence of anaemia.ConclusionsMore than half of the children were infected with intestinal parasites and one in five were anaemic. This study has identified a number of potentially modifiable risk factors to address the significant prevalence of IPIs and anaemia in these children. Improvements in sanitation, clean water, hand hygiene, maternal education could address both short and long-term consequences of these conditions in this vulnerable population.Author SummaryIntestinal parasitic infection and anaemia are public health problems in developing counties. Children due to their immature immune systems and frequent exposure to unhygienic environments are at high risk which in turn put them at an increased risk of malnutrition and growth deficits. Similarly, childhood anaemia impairs physical growth, impairs immune function and weakens motor development. The finding of this study reveals more than half of the children were infected.Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Giardia lambliaandHymenolepis nanawere dominant parasites. Multiple infections was common amongGiardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica/disparandCryptosporidiumspp. Oocyst. Children aged 48-59 months were more infected with intestinal parasites. Soli transmitted helminths in this study was low. 21.5% of the children were anaemic and was associated with disposal of solid waste and presence of domestic animals. However, Eating raw meat, maternal education and household water treatment were found preventive of anaemia in the study. It seems worth understanding the prevalence and effects of parasitic infection and anaemia in this vulnerable group to design an appropriate interventions. Finally, if parasite transmission and anaemia is to be significantly prevented control programs such as improving sanitation, clean water, maternal education may be critical in this vulnerable age groups.

scholarly journals Incidencia de parasitosis y relación con anemias en niños de comunidades de la provincia Abel Iturralde-Ixiamas

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Evangelina Terán Ventura ◽  
Sureya Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
La Paz ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Para Determinar

Las enfermedades parasitarias intestinales se consideran una de las infecciones más comunes a nivel mundial y de mayor prevalencia en las comunidades de los países en vías de desarrollo, siendo la mayoría niños. El objetivo fue determinar la incidencia y diferencia de las parasitosis intestinales en niños, y su relación con anemias de comunidades San Pedro (SP), Puerto Ruso (PR), y Tahua (TH) de la provincia Abel Iturralde Ixiamas-La Paz. Se utilizó el examen coproparasitológico directo y la técnica de concentración de Willis y Ritchie modificada para determinar la parasitosis, y para determinar la anemia se utilizó la medida del hematocrito. El índice de parasitosis en las comunidades fue más del 90%. Las especies que se encontraron fueron: Ascaris lumbricoides (SP: 73%, PR: 10%, TH: 79%), Strongyloides stercoralis (SP: 18%, PR: 24%, TH: 5%), Dipylidium sp (SP: 18%, PR: 10%, TH: 10%), Hymenolepis nana (SP: 18%, PR: 5%, TH: 0%), Uncinaria sp. (SP: 9%, PR: 38%, TH: 5%), Giardia lamblia (SP: 18%, PR: 5%, TH: 5%), Entamoeba histolytica (SP: 0%, PR: 5%, TH: 0%), Enterobius vermicularis (SP: 9%, PR: 0%, TH: 0%), Entamoeba coli (SP:18%, PR: 24%, TH: 37%), Iodamoeba butschlii (SP: 9%, PR:14%, TH: 0%), Blastocystis hominis (SP: 9%, PR: 24%, TH: 10%), y Chilomastix mesnili (SP: 0%, PR: 10%, TH: 32%). PR fue la comunidad con mayor porcentaje de niños con anemia con 46%. Como conclusión indicamos que el índice de parasitosis en estas comunidades es alto. La comunidad con mayor porcentaje de niños con anemia fue PR, y no correlacionó con el número de parásitos.

scholarly journals Parasitic Contamination of Local Drinking Water Sources in Aba Metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Blessing U. Ejike ◽  
Carmelita C. Ohaeri ◽  
Ebube C. Amaechi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

Water-borne parasitic infections have become a source of concern in recent times due to the contamination of various water sources. A survey on the parasitic contamination of local drinking water sources in Aba metropolis was carried out between August and October 2018. This was done to evaluate the extent of contamination of these water sources and their public health implications. A total number of eighty (80) water samples were investigated from five (5) major water sources within the study area using the standard sedimentation method and examined for parasite cysts, eggs and larvae. Physical/macroscopic examination was done to determine the pH, colour, odour, temperature and presence/absence of particles. Among the water sources analyzed, stream water samples had the highest rate of parasite contamination 27 (44.3%) followed by river water 14 (22.9%) while the least contaminated was borehole 7 (11.5%). Rainwater was found free from parasitic infestation. The differences in the level of contamination among the water sources analyzed were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Five parasites Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Ascaris lumbricoides of Entamoeba coli and Hookworm were observed. Each of the sample sources except rainwater harbored at least one of these. Among these parasites, Giardia lamblia had the highest rate occurrence of 15 (24.6%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica 14 (22.9%) and the least frequently occurring parasite was hookworm 8 (13.1%). Most of the identified water sources are utilized by the populace who lack access to potable water. The detection of protozoan and helminthic parasites in drinking water sources is a serious public health concern, hence the proper implementation of a supply of safe drinking water is vital.

scholarly journals The Frequency of the Intestinal Parasites Giardia Lamblia and Entamoeba Histolytica in Pediatric Diarrhea Specimens from Central Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Elnaz Abbasi ◽  
Alireza Amouzandeh-Nobaveh ◽  
Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Infectious Diarrhea ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sedimentation Method

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections, particularly those caused by Giardia lamblia, are among the major health problems that exist worldwide, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the intestinal parasites Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica that were isolated from samples of infectious diarrhea in pediatric patients from Central Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 230 samples of infectious diarrhea that were collected from May 2015 to February 2016. Direct observation, the formalin-ether sedimentation method and the technique using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of β-giardin and EH primers were used for the identification of Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica. Results: Out of 230 samples of infectious diarrhea, five cases (2.1%) of Giardia lamblia and no cases (0%) of Entamoeba histolytica were identified using the formalin-ether sedimentation method and the same result were obtained using PCR technique. Of the five patients who had Giardia lamblia, three (60%) were male and two (40%) were female. The most common clinical symptoms in these patients were stomach ache and diarrhea (100%) and mucus in the stool (80%). Conclusion: Giardia lamblia was introduced as a parasitic agent causing diarrhea from Central Iran. The results indicate that pediatricians and, even more importantly, experts in laboratories should pay special attention to the identification of this parasite to treat the patients as effectively and as quickly as possible.

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