scholarly journals Packaging and Delivery of Asthma Therapeutics

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Bryan J. Mathis ◽  
Misa Kusumoto ◽  
Alexander Zaboronok ◽  
Yuji Hiramatsu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Nanoscale Systems ◽  
Nanosized Materials ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Made In

Asthma is a life-altering, chronic disease of heterogenous origin that features a complex interplay of immune and environmental signaling. Although very little progress has been made in prevention, diverse types of medications and delivery systems, including nanoscale systems, have been or are currently being developed to control airway inflammation and prevent exacerbations and fibrosis. These medications are delivered through mechanical methods, with various inhalers (with benefits and drawbacks) existing, and new types offering some variety in delivery. Of particular interest is the progress being made in nanosized materials for efficient penetration into the epithelial mucus layer and delivery into the deepest parts of the lungs. Liposomes, nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles, both natural and synthetic, have been explored in animal models of asthma and have produced promising results. This review will summarize and synthesize the latest developments in both macro-(inhaler) and micro-sized delivery systems for the purpose of treating asthma patients.

scholarly journals Translational approaches to understanding metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular consequences of obstructive sleep apnea

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (7) ◽  
pp. H1101-H1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano F. Drager ◽  
Vsevolod Y. Polotsky ◽  
Christopher P. O'Donnell ◽  
Sergio L. Cravo ◽  
Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Made In

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known to be independently associated with several cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke. To determine how OSA can increase cardiovascular risk, animal models have been developed to explore the underlying mechanisms and the cellular and end-organ targets of the predominant pathophysiological disturbance in OSA–intermittent hypoxia. Despite several limitations in translating data from animal models to the clinical arena, significant progress has been made in our understanding of how OSA confers increased cardiovascular risk. It is clear now that the hypoxic stress associated with OSA can elicit a broad spectrum of pathological systemic events including sympathetic activation, systemic inflammation, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, and endothelial dysfunction, among others. This review provides an update of the basic, clinical, and translational advances in our understanding of the metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular consequences of OSA and highlights the most recent findings and perspectives in the field.

INTRODUCTION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. V-V
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. HAGGERTY
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Developmental Psychobiology ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Made In

The William T. Grant Foundation supports eight consortia, each devoted to a specific issue, and each consisting of ten to twenty members from a Variety of scientific disciplines. Our purpose is to provide a forum for discussion of ideas, research, and conceptual and theoretical bases of that research to individuals who work in related areas, but who might not under other circumstances have easy communication with each other, especially in the preliminary stages of the development of their research projects. By the time national meetings occur, projects are of necessity completed, and there is no chance for modification using an interdisciplinary approach. We have been very pleased with this device to bring research workers of different disciplines together. The newest of these consortia is devoted to the Developmental Psychobiology of Stress and includes pediatricians, psychologists, and anthropologists who work on both human and animal models. This group moved promptly in their first meeting to bring together a talented group of researchers from different disciplines; the results of their research are presented in this supplement. They well exemplify the advances that have been made in recent years in methodology to study mind-body interactions in infants and older children. Methodologic barriers in the past have limited research on stress in humans. It is stimulating and exciting to see that these barriers are beginning to be overcome, and that research such as is presented here is illuminating this exciting new field. It has enormous application to pediatric practice and child health in the future.

scholarly journals Large Animal Models of Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: A Review of Immune Strategies to Improve Allograft Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham J. Matar ◽  
Rebecca L. Crepeau ◽  
Gerhard S. Mundinger ◽  
Curtis L. Cetrulo ◽  
Radbeh Torabi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Large Animal Models ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
And Function ◽  
Made In

Over the past twenty years, significant technical strides have been made in the area of vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation (VCA). As in solid organ transplantation, the allogeneic immune response remains a significant barrier to long-term VCA survival and function. Strategies to overcome acute and chronic rejection, minimize immunosuppression and prolong VCA survival have important clinical implications. Historically, large animals have provided a valuable model for testing the clinical translatability of immune modulating approaches in transplantation, including tolerance induction, co-stimulation blockade, cellular therapies, and ex vivo perfusion. Recently, significant advancements have been made in these arenas utilizing large animal VCA models. In this comprehensive review, we highlight recent immune strategies undertaken to improve VCA outcomes with a focus on relevant preclinical large animal models.

scholarly journals Topical Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Marina Löscher ◽  
Chiara Seiz ◽  
José Hurst ◽  
Sven Schnichels
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Ocular Drug Delivery ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Topical Drug Delivery ◽  
Ocular Pharmacokinetics

Topical drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye is a very complex challenge. However, topical delivery is highly desired, to achieve an easy-to-use treatment option for retinal diseases. In this review, we focus on the drug characteristics that are relevant to succeed in this challenge. An overview on the ocular barriers that need to be overcome and some relevant animal models to study ocular pharmacokinetics are given. Furthermore, a summary of substances that were able to reach the posterior segment after eye drop application is provided, as well as an outline of investigated delivery systems to improve ocular drug delivery. Some promising results of substances delivered to the retina suggest that topical treatment of retinal diseases might be possible in the future, which warrants further research.

scholarly journals Viral Delivery Systems for CRISPR

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L. Xu ◽  
Merry Z. C. Ruan ◽  
Vinit B. Mahajan ◽  
Stephen H. Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Treatment Targets ◽  
Disease Mechanisms

The frontiers of precision medicine have been revolutionized by the development of Clustered Regularly-Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 as an editing tool. CRISPR/Cas9 has been used to develop animal models, understand disease mechanisms, and validate treatment targets. In addition, it is regarded as an effective tool for genome surgery when combined with viral delivery vectors. In this article, we will explore the various viral mechanisms for delivering CRISPR/Cas9 into tissues and cells, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of each method. We will also review the history and recent development of CRISPR and viral vectors and discuss their applications as a powerful tool in furthering our exploration of disease mechanisms and therapies.

Establishing Computer-Access Centers: Challenge for the ‘80s

1984 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 435-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Computer Access ◽  
Service Delivery Systems ◽  
Custom Hardware ◽  
Made In

While great advances have been made in custom hardware and software which make computers accessible to individuals with severe visual impairments, service delivery systems have not kept pace with the technology. A range of new services needs to be established through computer-access centers if visually impaired individuals are to realize the full benefits of the new technologies.

Raising the Standard of Specimen Preparation for Aberration-Corrected TEM and STEM

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Cerchiara ◽  
P. E. Fischione ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
J. M Matesa ◽  
A. C. Robins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Deformation ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Electron Sources ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Aberration Corrected ◽  
Made In

With the recent advances made in monochromation of electron sources and Cs-correction, the point resolution of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) has been extended into the sub-Angstrom regime. This development has led to an important consequence—that specimen preparation has become a more critical issue for the materials scientist. Nanoscale artifacts that could be tolerated a few years ago when imaging in the 0.1–0.15 nm range can no longer be allowed. An example is hydrocarbon contamination, which although only a few monolayers thick, obscures the area of interest. Other examples include residual deformation and oxidation following traditional mechanical methods. Ion-based methods may induce amorphization and implantation defects, depending on the type of ion, its energy, and the particular protocol that is used.

scholarly journals Treating Polymicrobial Infections in Chronic Diabetic Wounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranali J. Buch ◽  
Yunrong Chai ◽  
Edgar D. Goluch
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Diabetic Wounds ◽  
Polymicrobial Infections ◽  
Made In

SUMMARY This review provides a comprehensive summary of issues associated with treating polyclonal bacterial biofilms in chronic diabetic wounds. We use this as a foundation and discuss the alternatives to conventional antibiotics and the emerging need for suitable drug delivery systems. In recent years, extraordinary advances have been made in the field of nanoparticle synthesis and packaging. However, these systems have not been incorporated into the clinic for treatments other than for cancer or severe genetic diseases. We present a unifying perspective on how the field is evolving and the need for an early amalgamation of engineering principles and a biological understanding of underlying phenomena in order to develop a therapy that is translatable to the clinic in a shorter time.

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