scholarly journals Description of Position Ads for Pharmacy Technicians

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Juanita A. Draime ◽  
Emily C. Wicker ◽  
Zachary J. Krauss ◽  
Joel L. Sweeney ◽  
Douglas C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Pharmacy Technician ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians ◽  
Job Duties ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Retail Setting

Pharmacy technician roles are evolving alongside the changing role of a pharmacist. There is currently no uniform definition of a pharmacy technician’s role in the pharmacy workforce. The objective of this study was to look at the United States-based pharmacy technician advertisement database from Pharmacy Week to find patterns and commonalities in the duties and qualifications of pharmacy technicians. A retrospective analysis was performed on fourteen days of pharmacy technician job listings from Pharmacy Week from the year 2018. Information obtained from the listings included job title, location, setting, type of job, job duties, and job requirements. Job duties and requirements were coded by themes. Fourteen days of data resulted in 21,007 individual position listings. A majority of the job listings were for full-time positions (96.4%) and most were in the retail setting (96.78%). The most common requirements were registration with State Board, high school diploma, ability to perform tasks, communication, and physical. The most common job duties were general office etiquette, performing tasks under the direct supervision of the pharmacist, and professionalism. This study provides a description of the evolving role of pharmacy technicians through the broad variety in expectations for requirements of pharmacy technician applicants and the duties they perform when hired.

Defining the Role of the Advanced Pharmacy Technician: Perspective Dissonance

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Allison M. Dering-Anderson ◽  
Madeline E. Blaha ◽  
Judith L. Neville
Keyword(s):  
American Association ◽  
Annual Convention ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Pharmacy Technician ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Initial Questionnaire ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians ◽  
Definition Of

Background: Pharmacy technicians serve as pharmacist extenders. Attempts at advancing their practice have not been as rapid as the profession would prefer. We postulated that a barrier to this advancement is lack of agreement between pharmacists and technicians on how advancement should occur and on what it means. Objective: The objectives were to evaluate the differences in definitions and expectations of “technician advancement” between pharmacists and pharmacy technicians as potential impediments to advancement. Methods: Multimodal: An initial questionnaire for pharmacy technicians was collected during the American Association of Pharmacy Technicians Annual Convention to identify major topics for further survey. From those data, a survey was developed to ask pharmacists and pharmacy technicians about “technician advancement.” Surveys were provided to technicians in seminar settings; to members of the Nebraska Pharmacists Association; and via online platforms such as Facebook. Additionally, face-to-face targeted interviews were conducted with pharmacy technicians attending American Association of Pharmacy Technicians conventions and with the pharmacy technician and pharmacist leaders at the Nebraska Pharmacists Association. Results: Responses show that pharmacists’ expectations for advancing the practice of pharmacy technicians and the expectations of the technicians themselves vary widely. A notable finding is that 96% of all technicians responding see technician payment as a significant issue in advancement, while less than 4% of pharmacists commented on rate of pay. Conclusion: While both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians are hopeful for pharmacy technician role advancement, there is substantial disagreement about the definition of advancement that may be a barrier to the process.

scholarly journals Embracing the Evolution of Pharmacy Practice by Empowering Pharmacy Technicians

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Burke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Medication History ◽  
Pharmacy Technician ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians ◽  
Product Verification ◽  
Certification Requirements

While pharmacy technician roles in some practice settings are expanding beyond the traditional dispensing activities to include advanced or specialized tasks such as immunization administration, medication history collection, and final product verification, these practices are not yet widespread. There are apparent barriers to expanding the role of pharmacy technicians, including inconsistency in the education, training, and certification requirements across the United States, and regulations that have not kept pace with the evolving role of pharmacy technicians. Every corner of the profession has an opportunity, and responsibility, to elevate pharmacy technicians in an effort to advance safety and better serve patients. Regulators can expand the responsibilities that may be delegated to technicians, professional organizations can bring pharmacy technicians into the fold, employers can build career ladders to allow for advancement, and individual pharmacists and pharmacy technicians can advocate and engage.

Cybervictimization. Research Matrix

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Zhmurov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Crime Victim ◽  
Internet Crime ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
System Characteristics

The article presents an analysis of the cybervictimization phenomenon. The author justifies the use of an integrative (interdisciplinary) approach to the study of this problem, proposes the definition of the term under study as a process or end result of becoming a crime victim in the sphere of unified computer networks. A theoretical and methodological matrix for the analysis of cybervictimization (PCPPE model) was developed. The model includes five system characteristics of cybervictimization, the comprehensive study of which to a maximum extent will simplify the understanding of the essence of the object of study. These characteristics include: profiling, conditionality, prevalence, predictability and epidemicity. Each of these aspects is explained in detail: the author developed a detailed nomenclature of cybervictimization forms. The problems of identifying its extent, as well as the determinant role of gender, age, behavioral and personal factors are discussed in the article, and a list of key cybervictimization acts is formulated. This meta-analysis includes thirteen global categories and about seventy of its accent forms. Among the global categories the following ones are identified: threats, harassment, illegal interest, infringement, insult, spoofing, disclosure, compulsion, seizure, infecting, access and use. The prevalence rates of cybervictimization on the example of the United States (Internet Crime Report) are also studied, certain aspects of the methodology of cyber victim number counting are considered.

Pharmacy Technician Educators' Attitudes toward Education and Training Requirements for Pharmacy Technicians

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy D Moscou
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Pharmacy Technician ◽  
National Examination ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians ◽  
And Training

Objective: To poll members of the Pharmacy Technician Educators Council (PTEC) to determine their attitudes toward the level of education and training necessary for pharmacy technicians to perform current and expanded duties. Methods: A convenience survey was developed and sent to 130 PTEC member training programs. PTEC members include directors of college, vocational, and on-the-job training programs. Results: Thirty-seven PTEC members responded, yielding a response rate of 28.5%. Responses reflected the opinions of directors of pharmacy technician programs from 19 states. All respondents agreed that the length of training for pharmacy technicians should be standardized. They also agreed that minimum competencies should be established for pharmacy technicians and that examination should be required to obtain certification or licensure that would then enable the technician to be employed in the field. Conclusions: The use of pharmacy technicians will likely increase, as will the duties pharmacy technicians perform. Expansion of the role of pharmacy technicians, however, must be in tandem with standardizing training and establishment of competencies for pharmacy technicians. Increased responsibilities should be commensurate with increased education and national examination should be required to determine competency.

scholarly journals Monetary security: some definitions and assessments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-45
Author(s):  
Serhii KORABLIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Floating Exchange Rate ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Gradual Transformation

For almost 30 years of independence, Ukraine has experienced a number of deep economic, financial, banking, debt, currency and inflation crises. In some cases, they were extraordinary. As a result, the current real GDP of the country remains a third less than in 1990. One of the reasons for this was the unstable nature of economic recovery and currency price stabilization at the beginning of the zero years and in 2010-2013. After all, during the crises of 2008-2009 and 2014-2015, Ukraine set world anti-records due to falling its GDP up to 14.8 % and 15.8%, respectively. This was accompanied by the deep devaluation crises and the recurrence of uncontrolled inflation. In principle, the systemic relationship between the fragility of production, exchange rate and price dynamics appeared in Ukraine in the 1990s when its real GDP fell by 59%. The scale of that crisis was twice the scale of the Great Depression in the United States, accompanied by devastating devaluation and inflationary shocks. The article is devoted to the study of methodological and practical approaches to the definition of monetary security. The experience of their implementation in Ukraine is considered. The criteria of successful monetary policy applied within the neoliberal discourse are analyzed. The logic and reasons for their gradual transformation over the last 30 years are shown. The decisive role of the global crisis of 2008-2009 in the theoretical and practical changes observed in the world’s leading economies in terms of defining the goals, objectives and instruments of their monetary policy is reflected. An analysis of some outcomes of the implementation of domestic monetary strategy is given. The problematic nature of determining its priority goal is shown. The ambiguity of methods and consequences of targeted reduction of inflation in Ukraine is noted. The impossibility of maintaining its low and stable level under the conditions of free floating exchange rate of hryvnia is substantiated.

scholarly journals A Translator’s Wanderings in TranslationStudiesWorld

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Brian Mossop
Keyword(s):  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Canadian Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Object Of Study

This semi-autobiographical article reflects on the discipline known as Translation Studies from the point of view of the author, who was a full-time Canadian government translator from 1974 to 2014, but also taught and wrote about translation. The narrative begins with the emergence of Translation Studies in Canada and in Europe and continues through the present neoliberal era, with reflection on a variety of topics including the English name of the discipline, the lack of definition of an object of study, the original role of the journal Meta, and the notion of translation as applied linguistics. The last section considers two fictive scenarios in which Translation Studies does not emerge, and translation is studied, right from the start, in ways much more closely linked to the translation profession, with a focus on translators rather than translations, and therefore on translational production rather than the analysis of completed translations.

Political Diversity at the Nineteenth Congress of the CPSU, October 1952

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Jonathan Harris
Keyword(s):  
State Agencies ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Crucial Difference ◽  
Close Supervision ◽  
Economic Work ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Party Members ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThis essay argues that the definition of the USSR's political system as a “party-state,” ignores the crucial difference between the majority of the members of the CPSU who hold positions in the Soviet state and the minority who are full time party officials with no such position and who regard themselves as the natural leaders of the party as a whole. To highlight this distinction, this essay defines the party officials as the “inner party” and the party members who man the state as the “outer party” and focuses on the ongoing dispute among party officials over the most effective way to provide leadership of the Soviet state. This conflict is expressed indirectly in the published discussion of the relative importance of officials' “internal work” (personnel management, verification of fulfillment and ideological education) and their “economic work” the close supervision of state agencies' administration of the five year plans. The essay briefly summarizes Stalin's own formulations on the subject, the conflict between Malenkov and Zhdanov over this issue from 1939 to 1948, and the ongoing debate among officials after the reform of the departments of the Secretariat in 1948. The bulk of the essay analyzes the widely divergent views of officials' priorities presented at the Nineteenth Congress of the CPSU in October 1952. It concludes that Western scholars have generally underestimated the role of the Congress in the creation of the political oligarchy that ruled the USSR after 1953.

Disability Rights

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Findley
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
Community Mental Health Centers ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Disabilities Education Act ◽  
Education Act ◽  
Mental Health Centers ◽  
Definition Of

The role of disability rights has developed and evolved over the course of the United States’ history. The definition of disability has broadened as well as the pursuit for equal treatment, inclusion, and more accessible environments. Key pieces of legislation such as the Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act, the Rehabilitation Act, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act demonstrate a course of steps toward these more empowering themes of independence for those with disabilities. Disability advocates are strong in their message of “nothing about us, without us.” The disability rights movement helped to propel culture shifts and has promoted inclusion of individuals with disabilities. Despite the intention of disability policy to move the nation to more accessible, inclusive, and less discriminatory environments, more work is still needed to support the rights of those with disabilities.

scholarly journals Wage Premiums as a Means to Evaluate the Labor Market for Pharmacy Technicians in the United States: 1997–2018

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Zgarrick ◽  
Tatiana Bujnoch ◽  
Shane P. Desselle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Pharmacy Technician ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians

Pharmacy technicians are integral members of the health care team, assisting pharmacists and other health professionals in assuring safe and effective medication use. To date, evaluation of the labor market for pharmacy technicians has been limited, and relatively little has been evaluated regarding trends in wages. The objective of this research is to use US Bureau of Labor Statistics (US BLS) data to evaluate changes in pharmacy technician wages in the United States from 1997 to 2018 relative to changes in the US consumer price index (CPI). Median hourly wages for pharmacy technicians were collected from US BLS data from 1997 to 2018. Median hourly wages were compared to expected hourly wages, with the difference, a wage premium, indicative of imbalances in the supply and demand of labor. Both positive and negative wage premiums were observed, with most positive wage premiums occurring prior to 2007 and most negative wage premiums observed after 2008. Differences in wage premiums were also observed between technicians working in various practice settings. Given the median length of employment of pharmacy technicians, it is likely that the majority of technicians working in US pharmacies have not experienced increases in their wages relative to what would be expected by changes in the CPI. This has occurred at a time when pharmacies and pharmacists are asking more of their pharmacy technicians. Researchers and pharmacy managers must continue to evaluate the pharmacy technician labor market to assure that technician wage and compensation levels attract an adequate supply of sufficiently skilled workers.

Evidence-Based Practice Center network and health technology assessment in the United States: Bridging the cultural gap

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Sarría-Santamera ◽  
David B. Matchar ◽  
Emma V. Westermann-Clark ◽  
Meenal B. Patwardhan
Keyword(s):  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Is Integration ◽  
Definition Of

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to identify the Evidence-Based Practice Center (EPC) network participants' perceptions of the characteristics of the EPC process and the relationship of the process to the success of EPC reports.Methods:Semistructured interviews were conducted with the three groups involved in the EPC: EPC staff, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) staff, and representatives of partner organizations.Results:The analysis of the coded transcripts revealed three related major themes, which form the conceptual basis for the interpretation presented here: the definition of a successful report, the determinants of a successful report, and the role of AHRQ in the process.Conclusions:A successful report is a report that is used. The ultimate success of the core health technology assessment objective, moving from research to policy, depends on balancing two values: excellence and relevance. Our findings are consistent with the “two communities thesis,” which postulates the existence of two camps that confer different values to excellence and relevance, with resulting tension. A promising model for approaching this tension is integration or collaboration, which requires linking researchers and policy makers, promoting productive dialogues about the formulation and timing of analysis, and early consideration of how the resulting analysis will be used. This effort suggests that actively blurring the frontiers between these two groups will enhance their interaction. Furthermore, enhancing the role of the AHRQ as scientific broker will maximize the potential of the EPC network.

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