scholarly journals A Comprehensive Survey of Readout Strategies for SiPMs Used in Nuclear Imaging Systems

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Shahram Hatefi Hesari ◽  
Mohammad Aminul Haque ◽  
Nicole McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Voltage Amplifier ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Detection Energy ◽  
Active Research

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) offer advantages such as lower relative cost, smaller size, and lower operating voltages compared to photomultiplier tubes. A SiPM’s readout circuit topology can significantly affect the characteristics of an imaging array. In nuclear imaging and detection, energy, timing, and position are the primary characteristics of interest. Nuclear imaging has applications in the medical, astronomy, and high energy physics fields, making SiPMs an active research area. This work is focused on the circuit topologies required for nuclear imaging. We surveyed the readout strategies including the front end preamplification topology choices of transimpedance amplifier, charge amplifier, and voltage amplifier. In addition, a review of circuit topologies suitable for energy, timing, and position information extraction was performed along with a summary of performance limitations and current challenges.

Advances in Water Treatment Application of Sepiolite Mineral Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
Meng Ran Tang ◽  
Ji Yuan Li ◽  
Qing Guo Tang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Group Mineral ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Treatment Application

Synthetic nanomaterials have the disadvantages of large-scale investment, high energy consumption, complex production process and heavy environmental load. Mineral nanomaterials such as sepiolite group mineral nanomaterials are characterized by small size effect, quantum size effect and surface effect. Water treatment application of sepiolite group mineral nanomaterials has become an active research area and showed good development and application prospects. Based on the above reasons, this paper systematically summarizes the water treatment application of sepiolite group mineral nanomaterials, and development trend related to water treatment application of sepiolite group mineral nanomaterials were also proposed.

Numerical Study to Analyze the Effects of Hot/Cold Aisle Configurations on Heat Transfer Phenomenon in a Data Center

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Nazir ◽  
Naveed Durrani ◽  
Imran Akhtar ◽  
M. Saif Ullah Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Transfer Phenomenon ◽  
Heat Transfer Phenomenon ◽  
Active Research

Due to high energy demands of data centers and the energy crisis throughout the world, efficient heat transfer in a data center is an active research area. Until now major emphasis lies upon study of air flow rate and temperature profiles for different rack configurations and tile layouts. In current work, we consider different hot aisle (HA) and cold aisle (CA) configurations to study heat transfer phenomenon inside a data center. In raised floor data centers when rows of racks are parallel to each other, in a conventional cooling system, there are equal number of hot and cold aisles for odd number of rows of racks. For even number of rows of racks, whatever configuration of hot/cold aisles is adopted, number of cold aisles is either one greater or one less than number of hot aisles i.e. two cases are possible case A: n(CA) = n(HA) + 1 and case B: n(CA) = n(HA) − 1 where n(CA), n(HA) denotes number of cold and hot aisles respectively. We perform numerical simulations for two (case1) and four (case 2) racks data center. The assumption of constant pressure below plenum reduces the problem domain to above plenum area only. In order to see which configuration provides higher heat transfer across servers, we measure heat transfer across servers on the basis of temperature differences across racks, and in order to validate them, we find mass flow rates on rack outlet. On the basis of results obtained, we conclude that for even numbered rows of rack data center, using more cold aisles than hot aisles provide higher heat transfer across servers. These results provide guidance on the design and layout of a data center.

Investigation of parameters of new MAPD-3NM silicon photomultipliers

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. C01001
Author(s):  
F. Ahmadov ◽  
G. Ahmadov ◽  
R. Akbarov ◽  
A. Aktag ◽  
E. Budak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Space Application ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers ◽  
Photon Detection ◽  
Photon Detection Efficiency ◽  
Energy Physics

Abstract In the presented work, the parameters of a new MAPD-3NM-II photodiode with buried pixel structure manufactured in cooperation with Zecotek Company are investigated. The photon detection efficiency, gain, capacitance and gamma-ray detection performance of photodiodes are studied. The SPECTRIG MAPD is used to measure the parameters of the MAPD-3NM-II and scintillation detector based on it. The obtained results show that the newly developed MAPD-3NM-II photodiode outperforms its counterparts in most parameters and it can be successfully applied in space application, medicine, high-energy physics and security.

VERY HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 2963-2974
Author(s):  
Stefan Westerhoff
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
High Energy Astrophysics ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Very High ◽  
Active Research Area

This paper summarizes some recent experimental results in very high energy astrophysics, a very active research area with many exciting developments both in theory and observation.

Social User Mining

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Mohammed Eltaher ◽  
Jeongkyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Short Text ◽  
Media Source ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Use Of Social Media

In recent years, the pervasive use of social media has generated huge amounts of data that starts to gain a lot of attentions. Each social media source utilizes different data types such as textual and visual. For example, Twitter1 is for a short text message, Flickr2 is for images and videos, and Facebook3 allows all of these data types. It is highly desired to find patterns of social media users from such different data formats. With the use of data mining techniques, the social media data opens a lot of opportunities for researchers. Despite of its short history, social media mining has become very active research area. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on recent research on social user mining. In particular, the survey focuses on two aspects: (1) social user mining based on data types, such as textual, visual, and both textual and visual information, and (2) social user mining based on mining techniques. In addition, we present our current research on social user mining as well as its future directions.

Large dynamic range silicon photomultipliers for high energy physics experiments

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Ganka ◽  
Ch. Dietzinger ◽  
P. Iskra ◽  
F. Wiest ◽  
R. Fojt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Large Dynamic Range ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers ◽  
Physics Experiments ◽  
Energy Physics

scholarly journals Hazards to Aircraft Crews, Passengers, and Equipment from Thunderstorm-Generated X-rays and Gamma-Rays

Radiation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-173
Author(s):  
Karl D. Stephan ◽  
Mikhail L. Shmatov
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
Monitoring Equipment ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Energy Physics

Both observational and theoretical research in the area of atmospheric high-energy physics since about 1980 has revealed that thunderstorms produce X-rays and gamma-rays into the MeV region by a number of mechanisms. While the nature of these mechanisms is still an area of active research, enough observational and theoretical data exists to permit an evaluation of hazards presented by ionizing radiation from thunderstorms to aircraft crew, passengers, and equipment. In this paper, we use data from existing studies to evaluate these hazards in a quantitative way. We find that hazards to humans are generally low, although with the possibility of an isolated rare incident giving rise to enough radiation dose to produce noticeable symptoms. On the other hand, unshielded computer memory chips in avionics systems stand a small but non-zero chance of severe damage from thunderstorm-generated radiation and would not leave easily detectable traces of the occurrence. Should a rare phenomenon called ball lightning occur near or within an aircraft, the possibility exists of substantial damage to both equipment and personnel. Overall, radiation hazards from thunderstorms appear to be low, but should be considered and investigated with radiation monitoring equipment on sample flights.

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