The Effect of Fractional Damping and Time-delayed Feedback on the Stochastic Resonance of Asymmetric SD Oscillator

This paper proposes the stiffness nonlinearities and asymmetric SD (smooth and discontinuous) oscillators under time-delay feedback control with a fractional damping. With the effect of displacement and velocity feedback, the oscillator is adjusted to the desired vibration state and then the stochastic resonance (SR) is achieved. This article discusses the contribution of various system parameters and time-delay feedback to SR, especially which induced by fractional damping. It should be noted that this paper provides effective guidance for fault diagnosis and weak signal detection, energy harvesting, vibration isolation and vibration reduction.

A Comprehensive Survey of Readout Strategies for SiPMs Used in Nuclear Imaging Systems

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) offer advantages such as lower relative cost, smaller size, and lower operating voltages compared to photomultiplier tubes. A SiPM’s readout circuit topology can significantly affect the characteristics of an imaging array. In nuclear imaging and detection, energy, timing, and position are the primary characteristics of interest. Nuclear imaging has applications in the medical, astronomy, and high energy physics fields, making SiPMs an active research area. This work is focused on the circuit topologies required for nuclear imaging. We surveyed the readout strategies including the front end preamplification topology choices of transimpedance amplifier, charge amplifier, and voltage amplifier. In addition, a review of circuit topologies suitable for energy, timing, and position information extraction was performed along with a summary of performance limitations and current challenges.

A Review of Augmented Reality Applications in Civil Infrastructure During the 4th Industrial Revolution

The 4th industrial revolution started in 2016 and referred to a new phase in the industrial revolution. One of the most significant technological evolvements during the 4th industrial revolution is Augmented Reality (AR) technology. AR superimposes interactional virtual objects/images to real environments. Because of the interaction and see-through characteristics, AR is better applied to engineering than Virtual Reality (VR). The application of AR in civil infrastructure can avoid artificial mistakes, improve efficiency, and saves budget. This article reviews AR applications in civil infrastructure, focusing on research studies in the latest five years (2016–2020) and their milestone developments. More than half of the AR research and implementation studies have focused on the construction domain in the last five years. Researchers deploy AR technologies in on-site construction to assist in discrepancy checking, collaborative communication, and safety checking. AR also uses building information models (BIMs) to produce detailed 3D structural information for visualization. Additionally, AR has been studied for structural health monitoring (SHM), routine and damage detection, energy performance assessment, crack inspection, excavation, and underground utility maintenance. Finally, AR has also been applied for architecture design, city plan, and disaster prediction as an essential part of smart city service. This article discusses the challenges of AR implementation in civil infrastructure and recommends future applications.

Human Activity Recognition using Resnet-34 Model

Activity recognition has been an emerging field of research since the past few decades. Humans have the ability to recognize activities from a number of observations in their surroundings. These observations are used in several areas like video surveillance, health sectors, gesture detection, energy conservation, fall detection systems and many more. Sensor based approaches like accelerometer, gyroscope, etc., have been discussed with its advantages and disadvantages. There are different ways of using sensors in a smartly controlled environment. A step-by-step procedure is followed in this paper to build a human activity recognizer. A general architecture of the Resnet model is explained first along with a description of its workflow. Convolutional neural network which is capable of classifying different activities is trained using the kinetic dataset which includes more than 400 classes of activities. The videos last around tenth of a second. The Resnet-34 model is used for image classification of convolutional neural networks and it provides shortcut connections which resolves the problem of vanishing gradient. The model is trained and tested successfully giving a satisfactory result by recognizing over 400 human actions. Finally, some open problems are presented which should be addressed in future research.

Dual Piezoelectric Energy Investing and Harvesting Interface for High-Voltage Input

A novel harvesting interface for multiple piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) is proposed for high-voltage energy harvesting. Pre-biasing a PZT prior to its mechanical deformation increases its damping force, resulting in higher energy extraction. Unlike the conventional harvesters where a PZT-generated output is assumed to be continuous sinusoidal and output polarity is assumed to be alternating every cycle, PZT-generated output from human motion is expected to be random. Therefore, in the proposed approach, energy is invested to the PZT only when PZT deformation is detected. Upon the motion detection, energy stored at a storage capacitor (CSTOR) from earlier energy harvesting cycle is invested to pre-bias PZT, enhancing energy extraction. The harvested energy is transferred to back CSTOR for energy investment on the next cycle and then excess energy is transferred to the battery. In addition, partial electric charge extraction (PECE) is adapted to extract a partial amount of charges from the PZT every time its voltage approaches the process limit of 40 V. Simulations with 0.35 µm BCD process show 7.61× (with PECE only) and 8.38× (with PECE and energy investment) improvement compared to the conventional rectifier-based harvesting scheme Proposed harvesting interface successfully harvests energy from excitations with open-circuit voltages up to 100 V.

Малоразмерный черенковский телескоп с полупроводниковыми фотодетекторами: полночастичное моделирование порога регистрации космических гамма-источников

Full-particle modeling of gamma-ray and proton induced extensive air showers (EASs) in the Earth's atmosphere as well as Monte Carlo modeling of photon transport in a small size Cherenkov telescope and signal registration with its camera based on the OnSemi MicroFJ SiPM detectors have been performed. Calculations have been carried out for primaries within the 0.3 - 30 TeV range and a telescope with a 10 m(2) mirror similar to the unit employed at the TAIGA observatory. It has been shown that even with strict selection criteria aimed at high quality EAS images, the threshold detection energy of the SiPM-based camera would not exceed 0.8 TeV - about twice as low as the current threshold of the TAIGA-IACT camera based on vacuum photomultipliers.

Innovative Multi-Target Estimating with Clutter-Suppression Technique for Pulsed Radar Systems

Linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveforms have high Doppler-shift endurance because of the relative wide modulation bandwidth to the Doppler variation. The Doppler shift of the moving objects, nevertheless, constantly introduces obscure detection range offsets despite the exceptional Doppler tolerance in detection energy loss from LFM. An up-down-chirped LFM waveform is an efficient scheme to resolve the true target location and velocity by averaging the detection offset of two detection pairs from each single chirp LFM in opposite slopes. However, in multiple velocity-vary-target scenarios, without an efficient grouping scheme to find the detection pair of each moving target, the ambiguous detection results confine the applicability of precise target estimation by using these Doppler-tolerated waveforms. A succinct, three-multi-Doppler-shift-compensation (MDSC) scheme is applied to resolve the range and velocity of two moving objects by sorting the correct LFM detection pair of each target, even though the unresolvable scenarios of two close-by targets imply a fatal disability of detecting objects under a cluttered background. An innovative clutter-suppressed multi-Doppler-shift compensation (CS-MDSC) scheme is introduced in this research to compensate for the critical insufficient of resolving two overlapping objects with different velocities by solely MDSC. The CS-MDSC has been shown to successfully overcome this ambiguous scenario by integrating Doppler-selective moving target indication (MTI) filters to mitigate the distorting of near-zero-Doppler objects.

Excitation/detection energy controlled anisotropy dynamics in asymmetrically cyano substituted tri-podal molecules

The initial anisotropy of asymmetrically substituted tri-podal compounds is greatly dependent on the excitation wavelength indicating that the molecule behaves as pseudo-octupolar (λexc = 380 nm) or dipolar (λexc = 400 nm).

Спектроскопия возбуждения фотолюминесценции массивов квантовых точек InAs/InGaAs/GaAs в температурном диапазоне 20-300 K

Detailed photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) studying in temperature range 20-300 K with variation of detection energy of selforganized InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots is presented in this work. PLE spectra analysis allowed us to identify two types of peaks. First type associated with excited-ground state transitions with high probability. Second corresponds to transitions from excited states to the ground state which probability is small, but significantly increased due to the effective relaxation of carriers with LO phonons. We discovered, that the QD distinctive dependence of the energy difference between peaks spectral positions corresponding to the ground and excited states on the ground state energy (i.e., on the quantum dots size) deviates as the temperature rises to 140–160 K, at which charge carrier transport between QD is activated.

A transition from manual to Intelligent Automated power system operation -A Indicative Review

<p>This paper reviews the transition of the power system operation from the traditional manual mode of power system operations to the level where automation using Internet of Things (IOT) and intelligence using Artificial Intelligence (AI) is implemented. To make the review paper brief only indicative papers are chosen to cover multiple power system operation based implementation. Care is taken there is lesser repeatation of similar technology or application be reviewed. The indicative review is to take only a representative literature to bypass scrutinizing multiple literatures with similar objectives and methods. A brief review of the slow transition from the traditional to the intelligent automated way of carrying out power system operations like the energy audit, load forecasting, fault detection, power quality control, smart grid technology, islanding detection, energy management etc is discussed .The Mechanical Engineering Perspective on the basis of applications would be noticed in the paper although the energy management and power delivery concepts are electrical.</p>