Advances in Water Treatment Application of Sepiolite Mineral Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
Meng Ran Tang ◽  
Ji Yuan Li ◽  
Qing Guo Tang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Group Mineral ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Treatment Application

Synthetic nanomaterials have the disadvantages of large-scale investment, high energy consumption, complex production process and heavy environmental load. Mineral nanomaterials such as sepiolite group mineral nanomaterials are characterized by small size effect, quantum size effect and surface effect. Water treatment application of sepiolite group mineral nanomaterials has become an active research area and showed good development and application prospects. Based on the above reasons, this paper systematically summarizes the water treatment application of sepiolite group mineral nanomaterials, and development trend related to water treatment application of sepiolite group mineral nanomaterials were also proposed.

Advances in Process Technology of Sepiolite Mineral Fibrous Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
Ming Ming Cheng ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Lin Jing Ma ◽  
Chao Fan
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Research Area ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Group Mineral

Inorganic nanofibers are characterized by small size effect, quantum size effect and surface effect. Inorganic nanofibers and polymer form polymer and inorganic nanocomposites, which has become an active research area and showed good development and application prospects. As a typical type of inorganic fibrous minerals, sepiolite group mineral fibrous materials can not maximize nano-effect due to small particle size, high specific surface area, high surface energy and easy reunion of inorganic nanofibers. Based on the above reasons, this paper systematically summarizes the processing technologies of sepiolite group mineral fibrous materials, and proposes the suitable processing technology of batch production of sepiolite group mineral fibrous materials at low cost based on the analysis.

Numerical Study to Analyze the Effects of Hot/Cold Aisle Configurations on Heat Transfer Phenomenon in a Data Center

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Nazir ◽  
Naveed Durrani ◽  
Imran Akhtar ◽  
M. Saif Ullah Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Transfer Phenomenon ◽  
Heat Transfer Phenomenon ◽  
Active Research

Due to high energy demands of data centers and the energy crisis throughout the world, efficient heat transfer in a data center is an active research area. Until now major emphasis lies upon study of air flow rate and temperature profiles for different rack configurations and tile layouts. In current work, we consider different hot aisle (HA) and cold aisle (CA) configurations to study heat transfer phenomenon inside a data center. In raised floor data centers when rows of racks are parallel to each other, in a conventional cooling system, there are equal number of hot and cold aisles for odd number of rows of racks. For even number of rows of racks, whatever configuration of hot/cold aisles is adopted, number of cold aisles is either one greater or one less than number of hot aisles i.e. two cases are possible case A: n(CA) = n(HA) + 1 and case B: n(CA) = n(HA) − 1 where n(CA), n(HA) denotes number of cold and hot aisles respectively. We perform numerical simulations for two (case1) and four (case 2) racks data center. The assumption of constant pressure below plenum reduces the problem domain to above plenum area only. In order to see which configuration provides higher heat transfer across servers, we measure heat transfer across servers on the basis of temperature differences across racks, and in order to validate them, we find mass flow rates on rack outlet. On the basis of results obtained, we conclude that for even numbered rows of rack data center, using more cold aisles than hot aisles provide higher heat transfer across servers. These results provide guidance on the design and layout of a data center.

VERY HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 2963-2974
Author(s):  
Stefan Westerhoff
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
High Energy Astrophysics ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Very High ◽  
Active Research Area

This paper summarizes some recent experimental results in very high energy astrophysics, a very active research area with many exciting developments both in theory and observation.

Innovative operational strategies for biogas plant including temperature and stirring management

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senem Önen ◽  
Abdullah Nsair ◽  
Kerstin Kuchta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Operational Conditions

Finding the optimum operational conditions (mainly temperature and stirring) inside the fermenters is crucial in the field of anaerobic digestion. This study was conducted to contribute to the research area of anaerobic digestion process optimization and is an example for other biogas plants to improve efficiency. The research aimed at finding the optimum operational conditions in a large-scale biogas plant located in Lower Saxony, Germany, which started operation in 2011. The optimization activities were performed by operating the fermenters under different operational conditions: the temperature inside the fermenters ranged between 40°C and 43°C, while applying several stirring scenarios. These changes led to an increase in specific electricity yield of 11.7% and a decrease in internal energy consumption of 10.4%. The total internal energy consumption of the biogas plant was in the range of 6.3–7.2% (the average monthly internal energy consumption was 6.7% in 2013 and 6.0% in 2014) from their own production, and 28% of this energy consumption was used by the stirrers before optimization. Therefore, finding the optimum operational conditions leads to high energy harvesting and lower internal energy consumption.

scholarly journals A review of collective robotic construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. eaau8479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstin H. Petersen ◽  
Nils Napp ◽  
Robert Stuart-Smith ◽  
Daniela Rus ◽  
Mirko Kovac
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Active Research ◽  
High Level ◽  
Robotic Construction

The increasing need for safe, inexpensive, and sustainable construction, combined with novel technological enablers, has made large-scale construction by robot teams an active research area. Collective robotic construction (CRC) specifically concerns embodied, autonomous, multirobot systems that modify a shared environment according to high-level user-specified goals. CRC tightly integrates architectural design, the construction process, mechanisms, and control to achieve scalability and adaptability. This review gives a comprehensive overview of research trends, open questions, and performance metrics.

Realizing the NOSHAPE MAS Organizational Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosny Ahmed Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Organizational Model ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Agent Systems ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Great Focus

Dynamic reorganization of multi-agent systems (MAS) is currently an interesting and active research area. New emerging concepts such as self-organization and emergence are also getting great focus by MAS research community because of their captivating benefits for engineering complex large-scale MAS applications. Dynamic reorganization is considered as an effective way for building adaptive MAS. This paper provides an operational view of the conceptually proposed NOSHAPE dynamic organizational model for dynamically reorganized multi-agent systems (Abbas, 2014). The operational view concerns possible design decisions, implementation issues, and suggested usage of the NOSHAPE model for practically engineering real life applications. This paper also identifies the possible solutions to be applied throughout the system design to resolve these concerns.

scholarly journals A Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm Based on Tetanic Stimulation and Amnesic Mechanisms for Continuous Control of Multi-DOF Manipulator

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Yangyang Hou ◽  
Huajie Hong ◽  
Dasheng Xu ◽  
Zhe Zeng ◽  
Yaping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Gradient Algorithm ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Continuous Control ◽  
Tetanic Stimulation ◽  
Policy Gradient ◽  
Active Research

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been an active research area in view of its capability in solving large-scale control problems. Until presently, many algorithms have been developed, such as Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), Twin-Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3), and so on. However, the converging achievement of DRL often requires extensive collected data sets and training episodes, which is data inefficient and computing resource consuming. Motivated by the above problem, in this paper, we propose a Twin-Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm with a Rebirth Mechanism, Tetanic Stimulation and Amnesic Mechanisms (ATRTD3), for continuous control of a multi-DOF manipulator. In the training process of the proposed algorithm, the weighting parameters of the neural network are learned using Tetanic stimulation and Amnesia mechanism. The main contribution of this paper is that we show a biomimetic view to speed up the converging process by biochemical reactions generated by neurons in the biological brain during memory and forgetting. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated by a simulation example including the comparisons with previously developed DRL algorithms. The results indicate that our approach shows performance improvement in terms of convergence speed and precision.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Survey of Readout Strategies for SiPMs Used in Nuclear Imaging Systems

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Shahram Hatefi Hesari ◽  
Mohammad Aminul Haque ◽  
Nicole McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Voltage Amplifier ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Detection Energy ◽  
Active Research

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) offer advantages such as lower relative cost, smaller size, and lower operating voltages compared to photomultiplier tubes. A SiPM’s readout circuit topology can significantly affect the characteristics of an imaging array. In nuclear imaging and detection, energy, timing, and position are the primary characteristics of interest. Nuclear imaging has applications in the medical, astronomy, and high energy physics fields, making SiPMs an active research area. This work is focused on the circuit topologies required for nuclear imaging. We surveyed the readout strategies including the front end preamplification topology choices of transimpedance amplifier, charge amplifier, and voltage amplifier. In addition, a review of circuit topologies suitable for energy, timing, and position information extraction was performed along with a summary of performance limitations and current challenges.

Document Image Quality Assessment with Relaying Reference to Determine Minimum Readable Resolution for Compression

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
pp. 323-1-323-8
Author(s):  
Litao Hu ◽  
Zhenhua Hu ◽  
Peter Bauer ◽  
Todd J. Harris ◽  
Jan P. Allebach
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Image Quality Assessment ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Document Image ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Image quality assessment has been a very active research area in the field of image processing, and there have been numerous methods proposed. However, most of the existing methods focus on digital images that only or mainly contain pictures or photos taken by digital cameras. Traditional approaches evaluate an input image as a whole and try to estimate a quality score for the image, in order to give viewers an idea of how “good” the image looks. In this paper, we mainly focus on the quality evaluation of contents of symbols like texts, bar-codes, QR-codes, lines, and hand-writings in target images. Estimating a quality score for this kind of information can be based on whether or not it is readable by a human, or recognizable by a decoder. Moreover, we mainly study the viewing quality of the scanned document of a printed image. For this purpose, we propose a novel image quality assessment algorithm that is able to determine the readability of a scanned document or regions in a scanned document. Experimental results on some testing images demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

Stirring and aeration system for the upgrading of small waste water treatment plants

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Höfken ◽  
Katharina Zähringer ◽  
Franz Bischof
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Basic Fluid ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Technical Realization ◽  
Wide Range

A novel agitating system has been developed which allows for individual or combined operation of stirring and aeration processes. Basic fluid mechanical considerations led to the innovative hyperboloid design of the stirrer body, which ensures high efficiencies in the stirring and the aeration mode, gentle circulation with low shear forces, excellent controllability, and a wide range of applications. This paper presents the basic considerations which led to the operating principle, the technical realization of the system and experimental results in a large-scale plant. The characteristics of the system and the differences to other stirring and aeration systems are illustrated. Details of the technical realization are shown, which conform to the specific demands of applications in the biological treatment of waste water. Special regard is given to applications in the upgrading of small compact waste water treatment plants.

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