scholarly journals THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CITRUS DERIVED FROM SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS PLANTLET AND SCION STOCK

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nirmala Friyanti Devy ◽  
Yenni Yenni ◽  
Hardiyanto Hardiyanto

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) of callus culture in vitro is one of citrus propagation ways for producing free virus and genetically true-to-type plantlets. To induce growing of plantlets derived from this technology, they should be grafted ex vitro onto a citrus rootstock. The research aimed to evaluate the growth performance of citrus plants cv. Siam Kintamani (Citrus nobilis L.) that used both plantlets and scions as their stocks. The research was conducted at Tlekung Research Station, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute from June 2011 to December 2012. The treatments were done at nursery house by grafting a plantlet and budding a scion onto an eight-month-old Japanese Citroon (JC) rootstock plant. The grafted and budded plants of one-year old were maintained at nursery house then transplanted into the field. In the field, the research was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications and used 15 plants as unit samples. The results showed that the vegetative growth of Siam Kintamani seedling derived from SE or grafted plant was faster than that of budded plant started from 10 to 12 months after treatment in the nersery house. In the field, the growth of SE grafted plant was only significantly different up to 6 months after transplanting. Plantlets produced from SE in vitro propagation can be used as a good alternative stock material for producing healthy citrus plants. Therefore, a further research is required especially on varieties used, reproductive growth and massive planlets production.

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nirmala Friyanti Devy ◽  
Yenni Yenni ◽  
Hardiyanto Hardiyanto

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) of callus culture in vitro is one of citrus propagation ways for producing free virus and genetically true-to-type plantlets. To induce growing of plantlets derived from this technology, they should be grafted ex vitro onto a citrus rootstock. The research aimed to evaluate the growth performance of citrus plants cv. Siam Kintamani (Citrus nobilis L.) that used both plantlets and scions as their stocks. The research was conducted at Tlekung Research Station, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute from June 2011 to December 2012. The treatments were done at nursery house by grafting a plantlet and budding a scion onto an eight-month-old Japanese Citroon (JC) rootstock plant. The grafted and budded plants of one-year old were maintained at nursery house then transplanted into the field. In the field, the research was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications and used 15 plants as unit samples. The results showed that the vegetative growth of Siam Kintamani seedling derived from SE or grafted plant was faster than that of budded plant started from 10 to 12 months after treatment in the nersery house. In the field, the growth of SE grafted plant was only significantly different up to 6 months after transplanting. Plantlets produced from SE in vitro propagation can be used as a good alternative stock material for producing healthy citrus plants. Therefore, a further research is required especially on varieties used, reproductive growth and massive planlets production.


2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Nirmala Frianti Devy ◽  
Arri Sugiyanto ◽  
Farida Yulianti

Perbanyakan tanaman buah dengan metode sambung pada produk in vitro telah banyak dilakukan. Pada tanaman jeruk, batang bawah merupakan hal penting karena sistem perakaran yang lebih baik dan ketahanan terhadap penyakit akar dibandingkan batang atas komersial.  Penelitian penyambungan in vitro dan ex vitro jeruk Kalamondin hasil perbanyakan somatik embriogenesis (SE) pada batang bawah JC dilakukan di Laboratorium Somatik Embriogensis dan Rumah Pembibitan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika (Balitjestro), pada Januari – Desember 2010. Penyambungan dilakukan pada dua kondisi, yaitu (1) kondisi in vitro, yaitu embrio dan planlet Kalamondin disambungkan pada planlet JC dan (2) ex vitro atau kondisi lapangan, yaitu batang atas jenis embrio dan planlet disambungkan pada batang bawah JC dengan perlakuan tiga macam, yaitu planlet JC hasil perbanyakan  SE berumur 4 dan 8 bulan setelah aklimatisasi, serta semaian biji umur 8 bulan.  Masing-masing kegiatan disusun secara rancangan acak kelompok dan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan tiga ulangan dengan unit percobaan masing-masing empat tanaman.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa daya tumbuh tanaman jeruk hasil sambungan antara Kalamondin (Citrus mitis Blanco) hasil perbanyakan SE pada batang bawah JC secara ex vitro lebih baik dibanding in vitro. Pada kegiatan in vitro,  sampai dengan umur 10 bulan setelah penyambungan, persentase sambungan yang tidak jadi (mati) dipengaruhi oleh jenis batang atas yang digunakan, di mana penggunaan planlet sebagai batang atas menyebabkan persentase kematian lebih tinggi dibandingkan penggunaan embrio.  Pada penyambungan ex vitro, tidak ada interaksi antara perlakuan batang bawah dengan batang atas pada semua parameter pengamatan, dengan tinggi tanaman hasil sambung pada umur 10 bulan rerata mencapai 53,7 cm. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa hasil perbanyakan jeruk melalui SE, baik berupa embrio kotiledonari maupun planlet dapat difungsikan sebagai batang atas dan tumbuh dengan memuaskan bila disambungkan dengan batang bawah jeruk secara ex vitro.<br /><br /><br />The fruit plant propagation by grafting method of product in vitro has been documented already.  The using of a rootstock is a very important thing in citrus propagation industry.  Besides of its better root system, it has an important role on preventing root diseases attack where scion part relatively more susceptible.  The research of the Calamondin derived from somatic embryogenesis (SE) propagation that grafted in vitro and ex vitro on JC rootstock grafting was conducted in Somatic Embryogenesis Laboratory and Nursery House of Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute (ICISFRI) from January to December 2010.  This research using both embryos and plantlets of citrus cv. Calamondin derived from SE propagation in vitro as stocks and JC as rootstock, respectively. The grafting was done on the two conditions, (1) in vitro i.e. the stock was grafted on the JC plantlet and (2) field condition i.e. the stock plant was grafted on to three treatments rootstock ( 4 and 8 months acclimated SE plant and 8 months age-seedling of JC).  The activities were arranged as randomized block design and factorial rondomized complete design respectively, with three replications with four plants for each experimental unit.  The results showed that the growth of citrus cv. Calamondin (Citrus mitis Blanco) derived from SE propagation on JC rootstock at ex vitro activity better than in vitro activity.  At in vitro activity, up to 10 months after grafting, percentage of death grafting influenced by type of stock, where the used of plantlets as stock causing more death grafting than embryo.  At another activity, there was no interaction between treatment effect with the combination rootstock and stock treatment for all parameters, with plants height average reached 53.7 cm. From this research, we could make a conclusion that the product of propagation via somatic embryogenesis technique, both cotyledonary embryos and plantlets, could be used as a stock that would growth satisfactory if they grafted on the citrus rootstock ex vitro.<br /><br /><br />


1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Almqvist

ABSTRACT An improved design of the in vitro bioassay of SF activity in human serum, based on the 35S-uptake of cartilage from hypophysectomized immature rats, has been evaluated. The method is based on a completely randomized block design, each assay statistically evaluable. The elimination of the error among the rats improved the mean precision (λ)rom 0.28 to 0.14. L̄ωas 6.3. The suitability of the design was shown in a series of 157 consecutive assays, in which 10 % had indeterminate confidence limits when P [2266] 0.05. The standard error of 13 replicate assays within one group was ± 1.9%. Six duplicate assays of sera of different SF activities on two groups had a mean difference of 0.09 SF units per ml. The sensitivity of the method was high, [2266] 0.005 units of SF activity, and permitted its application to normal subjects as well as patients with hypopituitarism. The response of the animal strain was stable for at least one year. The limits of the linear range of the dose-response curve with the local reference serum were 35 and 140 μl of serum. The serum factor was stable at −20° C for one year and at +18°C for one week. Although human growth hormone and glutamine in vitro significantly increased the 35S-incorporation, each of them could account for only a small part of the SF activity of normal human serum.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Tirtha Juliana ◽  
Mayta Novaliza Isda ◽  
Dyah Iriani

AbstrakGarcinia mangostana L. dikenal dengan sebutan queen of the tropical fruits. Buah manggis terbentuk secara apomiksis yang bersifat rekalsitran. Salah satu cara perbanyakan tanaman manggis adalah dengan teknik kultur in vitro melalui embriogenesis somatik. Embriogenesis somatik manggis dilakukan dengan pembentukan kalus terlebih dahulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi terbaik BAP dan madu secara tunggal serta kombinasinya dalam pembentukan embriogenesis somatik pada kalus biji manggis asal Bengkalis. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan pemberian konsentrasi BAP (3 dan 7 mg/L) dan madu (3, 6, dan 9 mL/L), secara baik tunggal maupun kombinasi, pada media Murashige-Skoog (MS) dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian BAP dan madu dalam seluruh perlakuan tersebut berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan fase-fase embriogenesis somatik kalus manggis. Konsentrasi terbaik dalam pembentukan fase embriogenesis somatik diperoleh dari perlakuan 3 mg/L BAP + 9 mL/L madu dengan presentase pembentukan kalus 100%, waktu muncul kalus 10,67 hst, volume kalus 1,33 dan adanya fase embriogenesis somatik berupa globular, hati, dan torpedo.Abstract Garcinia mangostana L. was known as the queen of the tropical fruits. Mangosteen was formed by apomixis which is recalcitrant. One of the methods of mangosteen propagation is by using a tissue culture technique through somatic embryogenesis. Mangosteen somatic embryogenesis occurs preceded by callus formation. This study aimed to determine the best concentration of BAP and honey in single as well as in combination for the formation phase of somatic embryogenesis in the callus of mangosteen from Bengkalis. The study used a randomized block design with the addition of BAP (3 and 7 mg/L) and honey (3; 6; and 9 mL/L) either single or combination in Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium with 3 replications. The results of this study indicated that the addition of BAP and honey in all treatments affected the phases of somatic embryogenesis of  mangosteen callus. The best concentration in the formation of somatic embryogenesis was obtained from, the treatment of 3 mg/L BAP + 9 mL/L which produced 100% of callus formation, with callus emergence time of 10.67 days after plantation, callus volume of 1.33 and the presence of somatic embryogenesis in the form of globular, heart, and torpedo.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Tuija Aronen ◽  
Susanna Virta ◽  
Saila Varis

Telomeres i.e., termini of the eukaryotic chromosomes protect chromosomes during DNA replication. Shortening of telomeres, either due to stress or ageing is related to replicative cellular senescence. There is little information on the effect of biotechnological methods, such as tissue culture via somatic embryogenesis (SE) or cryopreservation on plant telomeres, even if these techniques are widely applied. The aim of the present study was to examine telomeres of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) during SE initiation, proliferation, embryo maturation, and cryopreservation to reveal potential ageing or stress-related effects that could explain variation observed at SE process. Altogether, 33 genotypes from 25 families were studied. SE initiation containing several stress factors cause telomere shortening in Norway spruce. Following initiation, the telomere length of the embryogenic tissues (ETs) and embryos produced remains unchanged up to one year of culture, with remarkable genotypic variation. Being prolonged in vitro culture can, however, shorten the telomeres and should be avoided. This is achieved by successful cryopreservation treatment preserving telomere length. Somatic embryo production capacity of the ETs was observed to vary a lot not only among the genotypes, but also from one timepoint to another. No connection between embryo production and telomere length was found, so this variation remains unexplained.


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 201-201
Author(s):  
Sudario Roberto Silva Junior ◽  
Rhuan F Chaves ◽  
Maíra Resende ◽  
Ygor Henrique De Paula ◽  
Kenio De Gouvêa Cabral ◽  
...  

Abstract Antibiotics growth promoting (AGP) in animal feed has been restricted. With this, several additives have been tested in order to replace AGP and ensure intestinal health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a blend of additives on growth performance, diarrhea incidence and cecal content microbiota of nursery pigs. A total of 576 weaned pigs (6.21 ± 1.16 kg) were assigned into 4 treatments (12 replicates) in randomized block design: basal diet without additives (NC); basal diet with 120 ppm of halquinol (PC); NC + 0,05% blend of lactic acid (3,5%), benzoic acid (2,5%), flavonoids (3,5%) (B5); NC+ 0,1% of same blend (B10). The pigs were weighed 0 and 42 days into the experiment. On day 10, one animal per pen (10 replicates) was euthanized for microbiota analyses. The diarrhea incidence was calculated by the percentage of visual pens with diarrhea, by day, in the period. The growth performance was analyzed by GLIMMIX procedure and the means were compared with Tukey test (P &lt; 0.050) (SAS, 2009). Diarrhea incidence was analyzed by GENMOD procedure (SAS, 2009). The Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare microbial biodiversity (P &lt; 0.050) by statistical program STAMP. The final weight (P = 0.010) and average daily gain (P = 0.001) of B10 and PC were higher than NC. Regarding diarrhea, it was observed that the B5 and B10 had lower incidence when compared to other groups in the total period. In the microbiome analyses, it was observed that the B5, B10, and PC groups had lower (P = 0.021) biodiversity when compared to the NC piglets. However, the B5 and B10 group had higher biodiversity when compared to the PC group. In conclusion, the supplementation with 0,1% blend of additives can be a substitute for AGP.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Reena Joshi ◽  
Salil Tewari ◽  
Rajesh Kaushal

The experiment was conducted at Agroforestry Research Centre, of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar to assess the effect of age (one and two year old), growing condition (intermittent misting and no misting) and different seasons (summer, monsoon, autumn and spring) on rooting and shooting of culm cuttings of Dendrocalamus asper. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The findings indicated that in D. asper, one year old culm cuttings in the intermittent misting condition showed good results. The findings also indicated that shooting and rooting per cent of culm cuttings planted in different season showed response as Spring (March)> Summer (June)> Monsoon (August)> Autumn (October).


2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽  
Renê Ferreira Costa ◽  
Daniella Cangussú Tolentino ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽  
...  

 This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional characteristics and quality of silages of five sorghum genotypes, namely: Volumax, AG2005E, Qualimax, BRS610 and AG2501. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Unimontes, in the municipality of Janaúba, state of Minas Gerais. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design with four replicates. Data were tested by analysis of variance andmeans were compared by Scott-Knott test at a significance level of 5%. The pH values ranged from 3.93 and 4.10. Genotypes differed in all studied nutritional characteristics (p < 0.05). For the acid detergent fiber, differences were detected between the genotypes, AG2501 (35.66%), Volumax (34.89%), AG2005E (34.53%), Qualimax (32.39%) and BRS610 (33.60%). The high participation of lignin was verifiedin all genotypes except for Volumax (4.14%). All silages were within the recommended range 50-65% for in vitro dry matter digestibility and classified as having good quality, however only the AG2005E genotype met nitrogen requirements for microbial fermentation, with 7.06% crude protein. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Darda Efendi ◽  
Mirza R Putra

Papaya is a popular fruit and is grown commercially in many subtropical and tropical countries. Papayas are generally grown from seeds; therefore the offsprings are not true-to-type and could come in three sexes, female, male, and hermaphrodite. Clonal propagation is required to obtain to grow true-to-type hermaphrodite papayas. In this research, we developed an in vitro protocol for shoot multiplication from lateral shoots from in vitro germinated papaya seedlings. The in vitro propagated plant materials could potentially be used as a source of papaya micro cuttings, or as scion for papaya grafting. The experiment was set up as a factorial experiment with NAA at 0, 0.1 and 0.5 mg.L-1, and BAP at 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg.L-1 in a completely randomized block design. BAP interacted with NAA in affecting the shoot production per explant. The optimum BAP and NAA concentration to produce lateral shoots was 0.54 mg. L-1 and 0.1 mg.L-1, respectively. Media without NAA reduced the number of lateral shoots and number of leaf per explant at any BAP concentration.Keywords: hermaphrodite, seeds, true to type, clonal propagation, micro cuttings.


Author(s):  
Totong Siwanto ◽  
Sugiyanta , ◽  
Maya Melati

ABSTRACT<br />Application of organic fertilizer into the soil is designated as a source of macro, micro nutrients and organic acids; it also acts as soil ameliorant that improve physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Application of high rates organic fertilizer has a constraint namely the availability and ease of application. Therefore, it is necessary to learn the use of organic fertilizer with low rates to improve the efficiency of chemical fertilizers. This research was aimed to study the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of paddy rice, as well as the efficiency of N, P, K inorganic fertilizer. Field experiment was conducted at Sawah Baru Research Station, University Farm IPB, Bogor, West Java from September to December 2013. The experiment used Randomized Block Design consisted of two factors: rates of organic fertilizer (0, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 kg ha-1), and rates of inorganic fertilizer (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg ha-1). The results suggested that the application of 1,000 kg organic fertilizer ha-1 + 400 kg inorganic fertilizer ha-1 did not show significant interaction. Application of organic fertilizer alone up to 1,000 kg ha-1 resulted in low growth and yield. Increasing rates of  application up to 400 kg inorganic fertilizer ha-1 increased the growth and yield of paddy rice. The highest N efficiency was 89.19% at a rate of 500 kg organic fertilizer ha-1 + 200 kg inorganic fertilizer ha-1, whereas the highest efficiency of P and K, respectively were 69.55% and 92.52% at a rate of 750 kg organic fertilizer ha-1 + 300 kg inorganic fertilizer ha-1.<br />Keywords: NPK, organic fertilizer, paddy rice


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document