scholarly journals Pengaruh Penyambungan Plantlet Jeruk Siam Kintamani (Citrus nobilis Lour.) yang Diregenerasi Melalui Embriogenesis Somatik Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Nirmala Friyanti Devy ◽  
NFN Yenni ◽  
NFN Hardiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
One Year ◽  
Subtropical Fruit ◽  
Experimental Garden ◽  
All Treatment

<p><em>Plantlet</em> jeruk hasil perbanyakan embriogenesis somatik (ES) in vitro telah banyak dihasilkan. Meskipun demikian, pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif di lapang belum dievaluasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif tanaman jeruk hasil sambung dengan plantlet asal ES dibandingkan mata tempel asal BPMT. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Tlekung, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, mulai September 2013 sampai dengan Desember 2016. Materi penelitian adalah tanaman jeruk dengan batang atas asal (a) plantlet hasil regenerasi melalui ES tanpa bagian akarnya dan (b) mata tempel yang berasal dari Blok Penggandaan Mata Tempel (BPMT), yang masing-masing disambungkan dan ditempelkan dengan batang bawah Japansche Citroen (JC) berumur 8 bulan setelah <em>transplanting</em>. Tanaman hasil sambung berumur 1 tahun dipindah dan ditanam di lapang dengan jarak tanam rapat 1,5 m x 1,5 m. Pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukan mulai umur 18 – 42 bulan setelah transplanting (BST). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman jeruk dengan batang atas hasil ES dapat tumbuh, berkembang, dan berproduksi sama dengan tanaman dengan batang atas asal BPMT. Tinggi tanaman, diameter batang atas, dan diameter batang bawah pada tanaman ES tidak berbeda nyata dengan tanaman BPMT. Tanaman pada dua perlakuan mulai berbunga pada umur 18 BST, dengan jumlah bunga, buah, dan persentase fruitset yang tidak berbeda nyata antarkedua perlakuan, demikian juga pada pembungaan pada tahun berikutnya. Jumlah buah pada tahun ke-2 berbuah (September 2014) dan akhir pengamatan (September 2016) menunjukkan terjadi kenaikan sebesar 215,7% dan 176,1% pada masing-masing perlakuan ES dan BPMT, sedangkan pada tahun ke-4 pembuahan (2016), perlakuan tanaman jeruk hasil ES mempunyai jumlah buah/tanaman dan berat buah total/tanaman lebih banyak secara nyata dibandingkan asal BPMT. Sifat fisik dan kualitas buah (vit C, total keasaman, dan TPT) yang dihasilkan relatif sama. Tanaman jeruk siam Kintamani yang berasal dari <em>plantlet</em> hasil perbanyakan ES in vitro dan disambungkan dengan batang bawah JC dapat tumbuh, berkembang, dan berproduksi dengan normal di lapang.</p><p>The plantlets derived from citrus somatic embryogenesis (SE) in vitro have been widely produced. However, their vegetative and generative growth in the field has not been evaluated. The aimed of this research was to evaluate the ability of vegetative and generative growth both of SE and Budwood Multiplication Block (BMB) derived citrus plants. The research was conducted in Tlekung Experimental Garden, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute, from September 2013 to December 2016. The citrus plants derived from (a) root-decapitated plantlets and (b) buds come from BMB that were grafted and budded, respectively on 8 months old JC rootstock. One-year old grafted and budded plants were planted at field using a dense spacing (1.5 m x 1.5 m). The plant growth observation was done at 18–42 months after field transplanting (MAT). The results showed that the SE derived citrus plants could grow, develop, and produce as well as the BMB one. The SE and BMB plant height, scion, and rootstock diameter were not significantly different. All treatment plants were flowering on 18 MAT, the number of flower, fruit, and fruit set percentages were not significantly as well as in the following year. The fruit total in the 2nd year (September 2014) and the end of the observation (September 2016) showed an increase of 215.7% and 176.1% on the both of SE and BMB derived plant, respectively. In the 4th year (2016), the number fruits/plant and total fruit weight/plant were better on SE derived plant than BMB one, however the fruit physical and quality properties produced (vitamin C, total acidity, and TSS) were relatively similar. The Kintamani tangerine citrus plants derived from plantlet that grafted on to JC rootstock could grow develop and produce well in the field.</p>

scholarly journals Telomere Length in Norway Spruce during Somatic Embryogenesis and Cryopreservation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Tuija Aronen ◽  
Susanna Virta ◽  
Saila Varis
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
One Year ◽  
Plant Telomeres

Telomeres i.e., termini of the eukaryotic chromosomes protect chromosomes during DNA replication. Shortening of telomeres, either due to stress or ageing is related to replicative cellular senescence. There is little information on the effect of biotechnological methods, such as tissue culture via somatic embryogenesis (SE) or cryopreservation on plant telomeres, even if these techniques are widely applied. The aim of the present study was to examine telomeres of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) during SE initiation, proliferation, embryo maturation, and cryopreservation to reveal potential ageing or stress-related effects that could explain variation observed at SE process. Altogether, 33 genotypes from 25 families were studied. SE initiation containing several stress factors cause telomere shortening in Norway spruce. Following initiation, the telomere length of the embryogenic tissues (ETs) and embryos produced remains unchanged up to one year of culture, with remarkable genotypic variation. Being prolonged in vitro culture can, however, shorten the telomeres and should be avoided. This is achieved by successful cryopreservation treatment preserving telomere length. Somatic embryo production capacity of the ETs was observed to vary a lot not only among the genotypes, but also from one timepoint to another. No connection between embryo production and telomere length was found, so this variation remains unexplained.

scholarly journals Influence of kind of trees on flowering and yielding of sour cherry cultivar Łutówka

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 471-477
Author(s):  
Stanisław Wociór ◽  
Marcin Kaca
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
One Year ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Flowering Intensity

In no examined years of the studies were found no significant differences of flowering intensity between the ownoroots trees of the cultivar Łutówka and trees budded on <i>Prunus mahaleb</i>. The kind of trees clearly, but not significantly, affected fruit mass. The growth of the ownroot "in vitro" trees were significantly less than the trees budded on <i>Prunus mahaleb</i> seedling. Fruit set and yielding of the own root trees were higher, but only in one year of study significantly higher.

Flowering and Fruiting of `Burlat' Sweet Cherry on Size-controlling Rootstock

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kappel ◽  
Jean Lichou
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
One Year ◽  
Size Controlling

The effect of rootstock on the flowering and fruiting response of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) was investigated using 4-year-old branch units. The cherry rootstock Edabriz (Prunus cerasus L.) affected the flowering and fruiting response of `Burlat' sweet cherry compared to Maxma 14 and F12/1. Branches of trees on Edabriz had more flowers, more flowers per spur, more spurs, more fruit, higher yields, smaller fruit, and a reduced fruit set compared to the standard rootstock, F12/1. One-year-old branch sections had more flowers and fruit, higher fruit weight, and heavier fruit size compared to older branch portions.

Histology of organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in excised root cultures of an endangered species Tylophora indica (Asclepiadaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aastha Sahai ◽  
Anwar Shahzad ◽  
Shiwali Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Tylophora Indica ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
One Year

This paper reports an efficient regeneration protocol through parallel organogenic and embryogenic pathways from green root segments (GRSs) of Tylophora indica (Burm.f) Merrill. GRSs explants from one year old in vitro cultures were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing various cytokinins. Five µmol/L of 6-benzyladenine (BA) was most responsive for organogenesis in 1.5 cm long GRSs. Repeated subculture on medium containing both BA (5 µmol/L) and 1-naphthleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.1 µmol/L) promoted multiplication and proliferation of direct shoot buds (46.80 ± 0.96) and callus mediated somatic embryogenesis (18.07 ± 0.33). Germinated embryos isolated from callus were transferred onto maturation medium consisting of half-strength MS medium either devoid of plant growth regulators (PGRs) or with various concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA). Microshoots were excised during subculture and transferred onto root induction medium, thus ensuring a continuous supply of germplasm. Morphogenic variations were noticed in types of roots induced on various auxins. Regenerated plantlets and emblings hardened best on vermiculite with a survival rate of 90% and 70% respectively. However, the emblings were healthier in comparison to the regenerated plants. Histological analysis showed the origin and development of organogenesis.

scholarly journals Investigation of Bunch Cut at Different Times After Pollination and Flower Position in the Spikelet in Date Palm ‘Sukkary’ Variety

2020 ◽  
pp. 713-723
Author(s):  
Abdelazize ElJiati
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Adult Tree ◽  
Fresh Pollen ◽  
One Year ◽  
Flower Position

As many studies on other crops showed an acropetal decline of fruit-set and fruit size in the inflorescence, this paper investigates the effect of flower position in spikelets in the ‘Sukkary’ variety of date palm on fruit-set and final fruit weight. Also studied was the best time to apply strand-cut (bunch cut) as an alternative to hand thinning, to increase final fruit weight. Hand thinning is a labor cost operation and worker productivity operation is one adult tree per day maximum. To study fruit-set in relation to fruit position, three types of pollen were used to pollinate female trees: new pollen harvested in March 2018, pollen stored for one year at room temperature (25-35° C), and pollen stored for two years at room temperature. Four weeks after pollination, fruits aborted and those non-aborted in every bunch were counted. Recording was done in every spikelet from proximal to distal. To study the effect of fruit position in spikelet on fruit weight, fresh pollen was used to pollinate ‘Sukkary’ females. Every two days, fruit weight was measured from pollination to harvest, and fruit growth pattern was drawn. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out for the final fruit weight in every spikelet part. This investigation showed no pattern in fruit-set or in final fruit weight when using new pollen. When pollinated with old pollen that was one and two years old, the proximal ‘Sukkary’ flowers of the spikelets showed less fruit-set compared to those of the middle and distal part. This basipetal decline is explained by low viability of old pollen, combined with the basipetal opening of the spathes in date palm...

scholarly journals THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CITRUS DERIVED FROM SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS PLANTLET AND SCION STOCK

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nirmala Friyanti Devy ◽  
Yenni Yenni ◽  
Hardiyanto Hardiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
One Year

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) of callus culture in vitro is one of citrus propagation ways for producing free virus and genetically true-to-type plantlets. To induce growing of plantlets derived from this technology, they should be grafted ex vitro onto a citrus rootstock. The research aimed to evaluate the growth performance of citrus plants cv. Siam Kintamani (Citrus nobilis L.) that used both plantlets and scions as their stocks. The research was conducted at Tlekung Research Station, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute from June 2011 to December 2012. The treatments were done at nursery house by grafting a plantlet and budding a scion onto an eight-month-old Japanese Citroon (JC) rootstock plant. The grafted and budded plants of one-year old were maintained at nursery house then transplanted into the field. In the field, the research was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications and used 15 plants as unit samples. The results showed that the vegetative growth of Siam Kintamani seedling derived from SE or grafted plant was faster than that of budded plant started from 10 to 12 months after treatment in the nersery house. In the field, the growth of SE grafted plant was only significantly different up to 6 months after transplanting. Plantlets produced from SE in vitro propagation can be used as a good alternative stock material for producing healthy citrus plants. Therefore, a further research is required especially on varieties used, reproductive growth and massive planlets production.

scholarly journals THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CITRUS DERIVED FROM SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS PLANTLET AND SCION STOCK

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nirmala Friyanti Devy ◽  
Yenni Yenni ◽  
Hardiyanto Hardiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
One Year

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) of callus culture in vitro is one of citrus propagation ways for producing free virus and genetically true-to-type plantlets. To induce growing of plantlets derived from this technology, they should be grafted ex vitro onto a citrus rootstock. The research aimed to evaluate the growth performance of citrus plants cv. Siam Kintamani (Citrus nobilis L.) that used both plantlets and scions as their stocks. The research was conducted at Tlekung Research Station, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute from June 2011 to December 2012. The treatments were done at nursery house by grafting a plantlet and budding a scion onto an eight-month-old Japanese Citroon (JC) rootstock plant. The grafted and budded plants of one-year old were maintained at nursery house then transplanted into the field. In the field, the research was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications and used 15 plants as unit samples. The results showed that the vegetative growth of Siam Kintamani seedling derived from SE or grafted plant was faster than that of budded plant started from 10 to 12 months after treatment in the nersery house. In the field, the growth of SE grafted plant was only significantly different up to 6 months after transplanting. Plantlets produced from SE in vitro propagation can be used as a good alternative stock material for producing healthy citrus plants. Therefore, a further research is required especially on varieties used, reproductive growth and massive planlets production.

scholarly journals Perbanyakan Massal Embrio Kalamondin Melalui Teknologi Somatik Embriogenesis Menggunakan Bioreaktor

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nirmala Frianti Devy ◽  
Farida Yulianti ◽  
Hardiyanto Hardiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Real ◽  
Subtropical Fruit

<p>Sejauh ini, penelitian perbanyakan somatik embriogenesis baik untuk penyediaan semaian batang bawah maupun varietas komersial jeruk menghasilkan laju multiplikasi yang relatif lambat. Kombinasi antara perbanyakan melalui metode somatik embriogenesis dengan penggunaan bioreaktor, diharapkan mampu meningkatkan laju produksi kalus embrionik menjadi planlet.  Kajian awal dilakukan menggunakan nuselus Kalamondin (Citrus mitis Blanco) sebagai sumber kalus. Kalus yang dihasilkan diinduksi dan diperbanyak menjadi kalus embrionik dan embrio dengan cara dikulturkan pada shaker (100 rpm) serta bulb bioreactor. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah membandingkan produksi embrio Kalamondin melalui teknologi somatik embriogenesis pada kultur cair menggunakan shaker dan bioreaktor. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, dari September 2008 sampai dengan Desember 2009.  Pada tahapan perbanyakan embrio dengan metode shaker, diperoleh bahwa rerata kemampuan kalus menghasilkan embrio dalam kultur selama 10 minggu ialah 18,12 embrio/g kalus. Dengan kisaran waktu yang sama, total embrio yang dihasilkan 3 g kalus/300 cc media cair di dalam bioreaktor menghasilkan 46 embrio/g kalus atau setara 2,53 kali dibandingkan metode shaker. Embrio yang tumbuh pada bioreaktor dapat berkembang hampir 100% menjadi planlet. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa aplikasi bioreaktor untuk tujuan perbanyakan massal embrio Kalamondin memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap laju multiplikasinya.</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>So far, research on somatic embryogenesis for rootstock and citrus commercial varieties has been faced by low multiplication rate of embryos. Combination of somatic embryogenesis method and bioreactor hypothezed can increase multiplication rate of embryos and improve regeneration of embryogenic calli to produce plantlets.  Kalamondin explants were inducted and proliferated to be embryonic calli and embryos using both shaker (100 rpm) and bulb bioreactor. The aimed of this research was to compare the production of Kalamondin embryos through somatic embryogenesis method on liquid media using shaker and bulb bioreactor. Research was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute from September 2008 to December 2009.  Kalamondin nucelus as a callus source was used in this research. Results of the study indicated that the average of embryos production through shaker technique within 10 weeks of culture incubation was 18.12 embryos/g callus, while application of bioreactor imrpoved embryo productivity up to  46 embryos/g calli (3 g/300 cc media). The multiplication rate using the bioreactor increased up to 2.53 fold compare to shaker method. Results of the study give the real evidence that application of biorector for in vitro mass propagation of Kalamondin embryos had high significant effect on embryo multiplication rate.</p>

Somatic Embryogenesis and In vitro Plant Regeneration in Vigna trilobata (L.) Verd. - A Potential Pasture Legume

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
K. Choudhary ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
M. S. Rathore ◽  
N. S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pasture Legume

This long term study demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to propagate embryogenic Vigna trilobata and to subsequently initiate the differentiation of embryos into complete plantlets. Initiation of callus was possible on 2,4-D. Somatic embryos differentiated on modified MS basal nutrient medium with 1.0 mg/l  of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l  of Kn. Sustained cell division resulted in globular and heart shape stages of somatic embryos. Transfer of embryos on to a fresh modified MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/l of Kn and 0.5 mg/l of GA3 helped them to attain maturation and germination. However, the propagation of cells, as well as the differentiation of embryos, were inhibited by a continuous application of these growth regulators. For this reason, a long period on medium lacking these growth regulators was necessary before the differentiation of embryos occurred again. The consequences for improving the propagation of embryogenic cultures in Vigna species are discussed. Key words: Pasture  legume, Vigna trilobata, Globular, Heart shape, somatic embryogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(1): 89-99, 2009 (June)

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