scholarly journals Unravelling the Effect of Provitamin A Enrichment on Agronomic Performance of Tropical Maize Hybrids

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1580
Author(s):  
Abebe Menkir ◽  
Ibnou Dieng ◽  
Wende Mengesha ◽  
Silvestro Meseka ◽  
Bussie Maziya-Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Provitamin A ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Diverse Field ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Traditional Diets

Maize is consumed in different traditional diets as a source of macro- and micro-nutrients across Africa. Significant investment has thus been made to develop maize with high provitamin A content to complement other interventions for alleviating vitamin A deficiencies. The current breeding focus on increasing β-carotene levels to develop biofortified maize may affect the synthesis of other beneficial carotenoids. The changes in carotenoid profiles, which are commonly affected by environmental factors, may also lead to a trade-off with agronomic performance. The present study was therefore conducted to evaluate provitamin A biofortified maize hybrids across diverse field environments. The results showed that the difference in accumulating provitamin A and other beneficial carotenoids across variable growing environments was mainly regulated by the genetic backgrounds of the hybrids. Many hybrids, accumulating more than 10 µg/g of provitamin A, produced higher grain yields (>3600 kg/ha) than the orange commercial maize hybrid (3051 kg/ha). These hybrids were also competitive, compared to the orange commercial maize hybrid, in accumulating lutein and zeaxanthins. Our study showed that breeding for enhanced provitamin A content had no adverse effect on grain yield in the biofortified hybrids evaluated in the regional trials. Furthermore, the results highlighted the possibility of developing broadly adapted hybrids containing high levels of beneficial carotenoids for commercialization in areas with variable maize growing conditions in Africa.

scholarly journals Assessing Effect of Marker-Based Improvement of Maize Synthetics on Agronomic Performance, Carotenoid Content, Combining Ability and Heterosis

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1625
Author(s):  
Innocent Iseghohi ◽  
Ayodeji Abe ◽  
Silvestro Meseka ◽  
Wende Mengesha ◽  
Melaku Gedil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Β Carotene

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and other parts of the world. Understanding the effect of marker-based improvement (MARS) of two maize synthetics (HGA and HGB) representing different heterotic groups on their agronomic performance, carotenoid content, and combining abilities could help identify suitable sources to develop divergent inbred lines for optimizing heterosis. This study involved three selection cycles each of the two synthetics and their nine varietal-cross hybrids together with a released check variety was conducted across four diverse locations in Nigeria in 2018 and 2019. Environment and hybrid effects were significant on grain yield and other agronomic traits as well as provitamin A content and other carotenoids. Genetic improvement per cycle of MARS in the parental synthetics was 15% for provitamin A, 25% for β-carotene and 26% for lutein in HGA and 4% for grain yield, 3% for zeaxanthin and 5% for α-carotene in HGB. Grain yield and agronomic traits of the two maize synthetics were controlled by additive and non-additive gene effects, while provitamin A content and other carotenoids were mainly controlled by additive gene effects. Some selection cycles which were high in grain yield and provitamin A content were identified as potential sources of new and divergent maize inbred lines in maize breeding programs. Some varietal-cross hybrids expressed significant mid-parent heterosis for grain yield and moderate mid-parent heterosis for provitamin A, β-carotene and xanthophylls. These hybrids could be commercialized at reasonable prices to small-scale farmers in rural areas that are most affected by vitamin A deficiency.

scholarly journals Study on the weeds of maize in the infected field with Cirsium arvense (l.) scop.

2013 ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Lénárd Márton ◽  
Éva Lehoczky ◽  
Gábor Wágner
Keyword(s):  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Weed Cover ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Weed Survey ◽  
Agricultural Farm ◽  
Density Assessment

The aim of our research was to establish the difference between the weed flora of maize hybrids sown in different times. Our field trial has been performed nearby Szombathely on a field of an agricultural farm, where two different hybrids were grown. The cold tolerant hybrid was sown at the end of March; the traditional hybrid was sown at the end of April. During the vegetation weed survey was conducted on 4–4 model parcels at two times in case of both hybrids. Cirsium arvense gave the largest weed cover in both hybrids. In cold tolerant hybrid gave 4.53%, in the traditional hybrid gave 56.63% weed cover. Considering the number of shoots per square meter C. arvense was also dominant with 64 plant m-2 density in early sown maize and 49.5 plant m-2 in traditional maize hybrid. At the time of the second weed survey the number of weeds increased significantly. The shoot number of C. arvense in cold tolerant hybrid was almost one and a half times more than at the first evaluation, while in case of the traditional hybrid it is nearly doubled. According to the weed density assessment there were differences between the two hybrids in the rate of G3 and T4 weeds. In early sown maize hybrid (MT Milo) this rate was 50–50% while in traditional hybrid was 90–10%. On 26th June the density of the weeds in the cold tolerant hybrid was two times higher than in the traditional one (Kamelias). Based on the experimental results it can be stated that the effective weed control in cold tolerant, early sowing maize hybrids is very important too.

scholarly journals Optimizing Genomic-Enabled Prediction in Small-Scale Maize Hybrid Breeding Programs: A Roadmap Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Fritsche-Neto ◽  
Giovanni Galli ◽  
Karina Lima Reis Borges ◽  
Germano Costa-Neto ◽  
Filipe Couto Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Tropical Conditions

The usefulness of genomic prediction (GP) for many animal and plant breeding programs has been highlighted for many studies in the last 20 years. In maize breeding programs, mostly dedicated to delivering more highly adapted and productive hybrids, this approach has been proved successful for both large- and small-scale breeding programs worldwide. Here, we present some of the strategies developed to improve the accuracy of GP in tropical maize, focusing on its use under low budget and small-scale conditions achieved for most of the hybrid breeding programs in developing countries. We highlight the most important outcomes obtained by the University of São Paulo (USP, Brazil) and how they can improve the accuracy of prediction in tropical maize hybrids. Our roadmap starts with the efforts for germplasm characterization, moving on to the practices for mating design, and the selection of the genotypes that are used to compose the training population in field phenotyping trials. Factors including population structure and the importance of non-additive effects (dominance and epistasis) controlling the desired trait are also outlined. Finally, we explain how the source of the molecular markers, environmental, and the modeling of genotype–environment interaction can affect the accuracy of GP. Results of 7 years of research in a public maize hybrid breeding program under tropical conditions are discussed, and with the great advances that have been made, we find that what is yet to come is exciting. The use of open-source software for the quality control of molecular markers, implementing GP, and envirotyping pipelines may reduce costs in an efficient computational manner. We conclude that exploring new models/tools using high-throughput phenotyping data along with large-scale envirotyping may bring more resolution and realism when predicting genotype performances. Despite the initial costs, mostly for genotyping, the GP platforms in combination with these other data sources can be a cost-effective approach for predicting the performance of maize hybrids for a large set of growing conditions.

scholarly journals Carotenoid Analysis of Ripe Banana Flesh and Peel from Three Cultivars of Banana

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Gabriela Johana Septiany ◽  
Widya Dwi Rukmi Putri ◽  
Ida Nur Panca ◽  
Heriyanto Heriyanto ◽  
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Leenawaty Limantara
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Β Carotene

Banana peel is a promising source to be utilized in fortification of food products due to the high content of carotenoids (Cars) which are active as provitamin A. Dominant, total and relative concentrations of Cars were determined from fresh flesh and peel in three cultivars of banana obtained from Raja, Ambon Kuning, and Kepok Kuning. To evaluate the difference in Car compositions principal component analysis (PCA) was also performed. Based on chromatographic, spectroscopic, and mass spectrometric analyses, dominant Cars were separated and identified to be lutein, α-carotene and β-carotene. Lutein was the major Car of fresh peel, while other two Cars were found in fresh flesh in addition to lutein. Raja banana had the highest total concentration of Cars among three banana samples used. PCA results generated from the absorption spectra showed three clusters of the different banana samples. PCA results are correlated to their Car compositions and this method might be applicable for the determination of dominant Cars.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of kernel provitamin-A in sub-tropically adapted maize hybrids possessing rare allele of β-carotene hydroxylase

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Goswami ◽  
R.U. Zunjare ◽  
S. Khan ◽  
V. Muthusamy ◽  
A. Baveja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Rare Allele ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Β Carotene

Vitamin A Value of Plant Food Provitamin A - Evaluated by the Stable Isotope Technologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
A Value ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

Humans need vitamin A and obtain essential vitamin A by conversion of plant foods rich in provitamin A and/or absorption of preformed vitamin A from foods of animal origin. The determination of the vitamin A value of plant foods rich in provitamin A is important but has challenges. The aim of this paper is to review the progress over last 80 years following the discovery on the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A and the various techniques including stable isotope technologies that have been developed to determine vitamin A values of plant provitamin A (mainly β-carotene). These include applications from using radioactive β-carotene and vitamin A, depletion-repletion with vitamin A and β-carotene, and measuring postprandial chylomicron fractions after feeding a β-carotene rich diet, to using stable isotopes as tracers to follow the absorption and conversion of plant food provitamin A carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) in humans. These approaches have greatly promoted our understanding of the absorption and conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Stable isotope labeled plant foods are useful for determining the overall bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from specific foods. Locally obtained plant foods can provide vitamin A and prevent deficiency of vitamin A, a remaining worldwide concern.

scholarly journals Imitated Whole Tree Harvesting Show Negligible Effect on Economic Value of Spruce Stands

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Iveta Desaine ◽  
Annija Kārkliņa ◽  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Anna Pastare ◽  
Andis Adamovičs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

The increased removal of forest-derived biomass with whole-tree harvesting (WTH) has raised concerns about the long-term productivity and sustainability of forest ecosystems. If true, this effect needs to be factored in the assessment of long-term feasibility to implement such a drastic forest management measure. Therefore, the economic performance of five experimental plantations in three different forest types, where in 1971 simulated WTH event occurred, was compared with pure, planted and conventionally managed (CH) Norway spruce stands of similar age and growing conditions. Potential incomes of CH and WTH stands were based on timber prices for period 2014–2020. However, regarding the economics of root and stump biomass utilization, they were not included in the estimates. In any given price level, the difference of internal rate of return between the forest types and selected managements were from 2.5% to 6.2%. Therefore, Norway spruce stands demonstrate good potential of independence regardless of stump removal at the previous rotation.

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