In Vitro Evaluation of the Inhibitory Activity of Different Selenium Chemical Forms on the Growth of a Fusarium proliferatum Strain Isolated from Rice Seedlings

In this study, the in vitro effects of different Se concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, and 100 mg kg−1) from different Se forms (sodium selenite, sodium selenate, selenomethionine, and selenocystine) on the development of a Fusarium proliferatum strain isolated from rice were investigated. A concentration-dependent effect was detected. Se reduced fungal growth starting from 10 mg kg−1 and increasing the concentration (15, 20, and 100 mg kg−1) enhanced the inhibitory effect. Se bioactivity was also chemical form dependent. Selenocystine was found to be the most effective at the lowest concentration (5 mg kg−1). Complete growth inhibition was observed at 20 mg kg−1 of Se from selenite, selenomethionine, and selenocystine. Se speciation analysis revealed that fungus was able to change the Se speciation when the lowest Se concentration was applied. Scanning Electron Microscopy showed an alteration of the fungal morphology induced by Se. Considering that the inorganic forms have a higher solubility in water and are cheaper than organic forms, 20 mg kg−1 of Se from selenite can be suggested as the best combination suitable to inhibit F. proliferatum strain. The addition of low concentrations of Se from selenite to conventional fungicides may be a promising alternative approach for the control of Fusarium species.

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Influence of Two Garlic-Derived Compounds, Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTS) and Propyl Propane Thiosulfinate (PTSO), on Growth and Mycotoxin Production by Fusarium Species In Vitro and in Stored Cereals

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins11090495 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 495 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kalliopi Mylona ◽

Esther Garcia-Cela ◽

Michael Sulyok ◽

Angel Medina ◽

Naresh Magan

Keyword(s):

Water Activity ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Effective Control ◽

Mycotoxin Production ◽

Potential Use ◽

Stimulation Of

Two garlic-derived compounds, Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTS) and Propyl Propane Thiosulfinate (PTSO), were examined for their efficacy against mycotoxigenic Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F. langsethiae, F. verticillioides). The objectives were to assess the inhibitory effect of these compounds on growth and mycotoxin production in vitro, and in situ in artificially inoculated wheat, oats and maize with one isolate of each respectively, at different water activity (aw) conditions when stored for up to 20 days at 25 °C. In vitro, 200 ppm of either PTS or PTSO reduced fungal growth by 50–100% and mycotoxin production by >90% depending on species, mycotoxin and aw conditions on milled wheat, oats and maize respectively. PTS was generally more effective than PTSO. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) were decreased by 50% with 80 ppm PTSO. One-hundred ppm of PTS reduced DON and ZEN production in wheat stored at 0.93 aw for 20 days, although contamination was still above the legislative limits. Contrasting effects on T-2/HT-2 toxin contamination of oats was found depending on aw, with PTS stimulating production under marginal conditions (0.93 aw), but at 0.95 aw effective control was achieved with 100 ppm. Treatment of stored maize inoculated with F. verticilliodies resulted in a stimulation of total fumonsins in most treatments. The potential use of such compounds for mycotoxin control in stored commodities is discussed.

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In Vitro Effects of Ethanol on Rabbit Platelet Aggregation, Secretion of Granule Contents, and Cyclic AMP Levels in the Presence of Prostacyclin

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1646570 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 61 (02) ◽

pp. 254-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Margaret L Rand ◽

Peter L Gross ◽

Donna M Jakowec ◽

Marian A Packham ◽

J Fraser Mustard

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Amp ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Rabbit Platelet ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Rabbit Platelets ◽

High Concentrations ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Aggregation Of Platelets

SummaryEthanol, at physiologically tolerable concentrations, inhibits platelet responses to low concentrations of collagen or thrombin, but does not inhibit responses of washed rabbit platelets stimulated with high concentrations of ADP, collagen, or thrombin. However, when platelet responses to high concentrations of collagen or thrombin had been partially inhibited by prostacyclin (PGI2), ethanol had additional inhibitory effects on aggregation and secretion. These effects were also observed with aspirin- treated platelets stimulated with thrombin. Ethanol had no further inhibitory effect on aggregation of platelets stimulated with ADP, or the combination of ADP and epinephrine. Thus, the inhibitory effects of ethanol on platelet responses in the presence of PGI2 were very similar to its inhibitory effects in the absence of PGI2, when platelets were stimulated with lower concentrations of collagen or thrombin. Ethanol did not appear to exert its inhibitory effects by increasing cyclic AMP above basal levels and the additional inhibitory effects of ethanol in the presence of PGI2 did not appear to be brought about by further increases in platelet cyclic AMP levels.

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In Vitro Effects of Doxycycline on Replication of Feline Coronavirus

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10030312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 312

Author(s):

Magdalena Dunowska ◽

Sayani Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Infectious Virus ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Virus Titration ◽

Reverse Transcription Quantitative Pcr ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Feline Coronavirus

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a sporadic fatal disease of cats caused by a virulent variant of feline coronavirus (FCoV), referred to as FIP virus (FIPV). Treatment options are limited, and most of the affected cats die or are euthanized. Anecdotally, doxycycline has been used to treat FIP-affected cats, but there are currently no data to support or discourage such treatment. The aim of this study was to establish whether doxycycline inhibits replication of FIPV in vitro. The virus was cultured in Crandell-Rees feline kidney cells with various concentrations of doxycycline (0 to 50 µg/mL). The level of FIPV in cultures was determined by virus titration and FCoV-specific reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. Cell viability was also monitored. There was no difference in the level of infectious virus or viral RNA between doxycycline-treated and untreated cultures at 3, 12- and 18-hours post-infection. However, at 24 h, the growth of FIPV was inhibited by approximately two logs in cultures with >10 µg/mL doxycycline. This inhibition was dose-dependent, with inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) 4.1 µg/mL and IC90 5.4 µg/mL. Our data suggest that doxycycline has some inhibitory effect on FIPV replication in vitro, which supports future clinical trials of its use for the treatment of FIP-affected cats.

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In vitro effects of artesunate on the survival of worm pairs and egg production of Schistosoma mansoni

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x08070235 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 7-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Y. Mitsui ◽

M. Miura ◽

Y. Aoki

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Adult Worm ◽

Survival Time ◽

Egg Production ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Male And Female ◽

Paired Male ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Paired Female

AbstractThe effect of artesunate (ART) on the survival time of adult worm pairs of Schistosoma mansoni and on their egg output during in vitro culture was assessed. ART significantly decreased the survival time of both paired male and female worms at concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg l− 1 during in vitro cultivation. An inhibitory effect of ART on the daily egg output of paired female worms during in vitro cultivation was also observed.

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In vitro inhibitory effect of the bacterium Serratia marcescens on Fusarium proliferatum growth and fumonisins production

Biological Control ◽

10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104188 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 143 ◽

pp. 104188

Author(s):

Zhiqing Guo ◽

Xia Zhang ◽

Juxiang Wu ◽

Jing Yu ◽

Manlin Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serratia Marcescens ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Fusarium Proliferatum

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Inhibition of platelet function by organic nitrate vasodilators

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v55.4.649.bloodjournal554649 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 649-654

Author(s):

AI Schafer ◽

RW Alexander ◽

RI Handin

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Ischemia ◽

Platelet Function ◽

Coronary Circulation ◽

Platelet Reactivity ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Organic Nitrate ◽

Artery Disease ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

External Calcium

There is evidence that platelet activation in the coronary circulation may be important in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia. Since organic nitrate vasodilators are commonly used in coronary artery disease, we have studied the in vitro effects of these drugs on platelet function. Nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, and their biotransformation product, inorganic nitrite, inhibited platelet aggregation with collagen, epinephrine, arachidonate, and ionophore, and blocked both primary and secondary aggregation in response to ADP. Nitroglycerin was studied in more detail. Its inhibitory effect was reversible and not dependent on external calcium concentration. It inhibited arachidonic acid oxygenation as measured by the arachidonate- induced oxygen burst and malonaldehyde production. These effects were not due to an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP. This unusual generalized inhibition of platelet function by nitroglycerin possibly contributes to its beneficial effect in myocardial ischemia in part by attenuating platelet reactivity in the coronary circulation.

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Morpho-Molecular Identification, Pathogenicity Variation, Mating Biology, and Fumonisin Production of Fusarium Species in Zea mays L.

International Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.33687/phytopath.007.01.2528 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 31-49

Author(s):

Narges Atabaki ◽

Vahid Rahjoo ◽

Mohamed M. Hanafi ◽

Rambod Abiri ◽

Hamidreza Z. Zadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Mating Type ◽

Molecular Identification ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Fusarium Verticillioides ◽

Fusarium Proliferatum ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Wide Range

Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum cause a wide range of maize diseases. These fungi produce dangerous mycotoxins, such as fumonisin B1, which are important threats to humans and animals. Given this predicament, the present study aimed to identify the fungi both molecular-morphologically and also investigate the pathogenicity variation and mating type of 41 Fusarium strains in maize (Zea mays L.) samples with sifting their fumonisin contents. Furthermore, species-specific primers for the molecular identification of distinct strains amplified 2 fragments of 578 and 800 bp in Fusarium verticillioides, while a single 585 bp band was amplified in Fusarium proliferatum. Accordingly, 24 isolates out of 41 were identified as F. verticillioides, and 13 isolates were identified as F. proliferatum. The fumonisin-producing and non-producing Fusarium strains were identified using the VERTF-1/VERTF-2 primers. A total of 24 isolates of F. verticillioides were positively scored based on the amplification of a single 400 bp fragment. The highest and lowest fumonisin content, as measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), belonged to strains MS1 and MG3, respectively, and ranged from 960-12673 and 4.07-23 ppm, respectively. Additionally, the mating type test showed that the sexual form of the studied Fusarium species could possibly belong to the A and D mating populations. In vivo and in vitro pathogenicity tests revealed a high susceptibility.

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Changes in the Density and Composition of Rhizosphere Pathogenic Fusarium and Beneficial Trichoderma Contributing to Reduced Root Rot of Intercropped Soybean

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1067184/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoli Chang ◽

Huiting Xu ◽

Li Yan ◽

Dan Zhu ◽

Wei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Trichoderma Species ◽

Soybean Root ◽

The Difference ◽

Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Abstract BackgroundThe dynamic of soil-borne disease is closely related to the rhizosphere microbial communities. Maize-soybean intercropping can suppress soybean root rot as compared to monoculture. However, it is still unknown whether rhizosphere microbial community participates in the regulation of intercropped soybean root rot.MethodsIn this study, the difference of rhizosphere Fusarium and Trichoderma community was compared between healthy or root-rotted soybean rhizosphere soil from soybean monoculture and maize-soybean intercropping, and the inhibitory effect of potential biocontrol Trichoderma against pathogenic Fusarium were examined.ResultsThe abundance of rhizosphere Fusarium was remarkably different between intercropping and monoculture, while Trichoderma was largely accumulated in healthy rhizosphere soil of intercropping rather than monoculture. Four rhizosphere Fusarium species identified were all pathogenic to soybean but displayed distinct composition and isolation proportion in the corresponding soil types. As the dominant and most aggressive species, F. oxysporum was more frequently isolated in diseased soil of monoculture. Furthermore, of three Trichoderma species identified, T. harzianum dramatically increased in the rhizosphere of intercropping rather than monoculture as compared to T. virens and T. afroharzianum. For in-vitro antagonism test, Trichoderma strains had antagonistic effects on F. oxysporum with the percentage of mycelial inhibition ranging of 50.59%-92.94%, and they displayed good mycoparasitic abilities against F. oxysporum through coiling around and entering into the hyphae, expanding along cell-cell lumen and even dissolving cell walls of target fungus.ConclusionThese results indicate maize-soybean intercropping significantly increase the density and composition proportion of beneficial Trichoderma to antagonist the pathogenic Fusarium species, thus contributing to the suppression of soybean root rot under intercropping.

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Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on renal medullary prostaglandin E2 production

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1989.257.3.f336 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 257 (3) ◽

pp. F336-F340

Author(s):

R. J. Bolterman ◽

M. D. Bentley ◽

S. M. Sandberg ◽

M. J. Fiksen-Olsen ◽

J. C. Romero

Keyword(s):

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Prostaglandin E2 ◽

Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Pge2 Production ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Different Doses ◽

Atrial Natriuretic

Like arachidonic acid (AA) and bradykinin (BK), the intrarenal administration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been shown to increase the urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In the present study, the direct in vitro effects of ANP on PGE2 production were compared with those of AA and BK. Canine renal inner medullary slices were preincubated for 30 min and washed in aerated Krebs-Ringer buffer (37 degrees C). During the final incubation period, with the use of varied concentrations of AA, BK, or ANP in Krebs-Ringer buffer, samples were obtained at 0 and 30 min to be used for radioimmunoassay of PGE2. Although the rate of PGE2 production was significantly increased 11-fold with AA and threefold with BK, it was unaffected by four different doses of ANP (10(-5) to 10(-11) M). Furthermore, the production of PGE2 during basal and stimulated (BK or AA) conditions was significantly blocked by indomethacin but not by ANP. These results indicate that ANP had no direct stimulatory or inhibitory effect on the medullary production of PGE2.

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Effect of five fungicides on growth and ochratoxin A production by two Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus niger isolated from Moroccan grapes

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.4(3).p118-126 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 118-126

Author(s):

Souad Zouhair ◽

Souad Qjidaa Qjidaa ◽

Atar Selouane ◽

Driss Bouya ◽

Cony Decock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Ochratoxin A ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽

Total Inhibition ◽

Germination And Growth ◽

Dose Dependent Increase ◽

Dose Dependent

Five fungicides azoxystrobin (ortiva), benomyl (benlate), hexaconazole (hexa), pyrimethanil (scala) and thiabendazole (tectocal) were tested sepa-rately in vitro for their ability to inhibit the growth of two ochratoxigenic strains of A. niger and A. carbonarius previously isolated from grapes. All fungicides effectively reduced the growth rate of A. carbonarius and A. niger from 34 to 100% at the recommended dose (RD). Thiabendazole caused total inhibition of spore germination and growth of the two strains, regardless of the doses assayed. Benomyl completely inhibited growth of A. niger whereas for A. carbonarius, concentrations above 0.02xRD were required to prevent the growth. The inhibitory effect of hexaconazole, azoxystrobin and pyrime-thanil was dose-dependent. At sub-lethal concentrations of three fungicides, a dose-dependent increase in in ochratoxin A biosynthesis by two strains was observed. The use of fungicide should be checked for its ability to inhibit fungal growth as well as for their effect in terms of mycotoxins biosynthesis.

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