scholarly journals Geometric Models for Seed Shape Description and Quantification in the Cactaceae

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2546
Author(s):  
José Javier Martín-Gómez ◽  
Diego Gutiérrez del Pozo ◽  
Ángel Tocino ◽  
Emilio Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Shape Description ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Geometric Models ◽  
The Third ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
New Models ◽  
Peripheral Type ◽  
Analysis Of Variation ◽  
Shape Quantification

Seed shape in species of the Cactaceae is described by comparison with geometric models. Three new groups of models are presented, two for symmetric seeds, and a third group for asymmetric seeds. The first two groups correspond, respectively, to superellipses and the combined equations of two semi-ellipses. The third group contains models derived from the representation of polar equations of Archimedean spirals that define the shape of asymmetric seeds in genera of different subfamilies. Some of the new models are geometric curves, while others are composed with a part resulting from the average silhouettes of seeds. The application of models to seed shape quantification permits the analysis of variation in seed populations, as well as the comparison of shape between species. The embryos of the Cactaceae are of the peripheral type, strongly curved and in contact with the inner surface of the seed coat. A relationship is found between seed elongation and the models, in which the genera with elongated seeds are represented by models with longer trajectories of the spiral. The analysis of seed shape opens new opportunities for taxonomy and allows quantification of seed shape in species of the Cactaceae.

scholarly journals Seed Geometry in the Vitaceae

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Emilio Cervantes ◽  
José Javier Martín-Gómez ◽  
Diego Gutiérrez del Pozo ◽  
Ángel Tocino
Keyword(s):  
Water Drop ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Geometric Models ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Models ◽  
Water Drops ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Five Tribes ◽  
Shape Quantification

The Vitaceae Juss., in the basal lineages of Rosids, contains sixteen genera and 950 species, mainly of tropical lianas. The family has been divided in five tribes: Ampelopsideae, Cisseae, Cayratieae, Parthenocisseae and Viteae. Seed shape is variable in this family. Based on new models derived from equations representing heart and water drop curves, we describe seed shape in species of the Vitaceae. According to their similarity to geometric models, the seeds of the Vitaceae have been classified in ten groups. Three of them correspond to models before described and shared with the Arecaceae (lenses, superellipses and elongated water drops), while in the seven groups remaining, four correspond to general models (waterdrops, heart curves, elongated heart curves and other elongated models) and three adjust to the silhouettes of seeds in particular genera (heart curves of Cayratia and Pseudocayratia, heart curves of the Squared Heart Curve (SqHC) type of Ampelocissus and Ampelopsis and Elongated Superellipse-Heart Curves (ESHCs), frequent in Tetrastigma species and observed also in Cissus species and Rhoicissus rhomboidea). The utilities of the application of geometric models for seed description and shape quantification in this family are discussed.

scholarly journals New Techniques for Seed Shape Description in Silene Species

Taxonomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ana Juan ◽  
José Javier Martín-Gómez ◽  
José Luis Rodríguez-Lorenzo ◽  
Bohuslav Janoušek ◽  
Emilio Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal View ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Shape Description ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Geometric Models ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Silene Species

Seed shape in Silene species is often described by means of adjectives such as reniform, globose, and orbicular, but the application of seed shape for species classification requires quantification. A method for the description and quantification of seed shape consists in the comparison with geometric models. Geometric models based on mathematical equations were applied to characterize the general morphology of the seeds in 21 species of Silene. In addition to the previously described four models (M1 is the cardioid, and M2 to M4 are figures derived from it), we present four new geometric models (model 5–8). Models 5 and 6 are open cardioids that resemble M3, quite different from the flat models, M2 and M4. Models 7 and 8 were applied to those species not covered by models 2 to 6. Morphological measures were obtained to describe and characterize the dorsal view of the seeds. The analyses done on dorsal views revealed a notable morphological diversity and four groups were identified. A correlation was found between roundness of dorsal view and the geometric models based on lateral views, such that some of the groups defined by seed roundness are also characterized by the similarity to particular models. The usefulness of new morphological tools of seed morphology to taxonomy is discussed.

scholarly journals Ontogenia de la semilla de Yucca periculosa (Agavaceae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Eduardo García-Villanueva ◽  
E. Mark Engleman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Outer Integument ◽  
Triangular Prism ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Food Reserve ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Nuclear Development ◽  
Black Color

Seeds of several Yucca species have been studied by Arnott and Horner. They mainly studied the nature condition and stated that the extra-embryonic food reserve tissue is a perisperm. This paper provides ontogenic evidence that this tissue is an endosperm with nuclear development type. The seed shape is nearly a triangular prism less than 1 cm long, black color and the raphe groove is conspicuous. The seed coat is derived exclusively from the outer integument. The exotesta external periclinal cell wall appears with irregular thickness. Both mesotesta and endotesta grow irregularly inward the seed confering to the endosperm a ruminate appearance. Toward seed maturity, the inner integument tissues disappear, thus fusion between intertegumentary and tegmen-nucellar cuticles occurs; valuable ontogenic information is showed by the cuticles, due to its persistence in spite of its generative tissue disappearance. The embryo development increases until 10 weeks after anthesis, it is cylindric, folds like "S" and two thirds of its chalazal lenght correspond to the cotyledon.

scholarly journals Seed micromorphological study on endemic and subendemic species of Veronica L. (Plantaginaceae Juss.) in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-324
Author(s):  
Soghra Ramzi ◽  
Shahryar Saedi-Mehrvarz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Sem Micrographs ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Micromorphological Characters ◽  
Scanning Electron

Seed morphology of 12 Iranian endemic and subendemic species of Veronica was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Seven qualitative and quantitative characters were measured using SEM micrographs and stereomicroscopy. The seed shape of most species is ovate and plano-convex. The size of seeds ranges from 1.25 x 0.75 mm in V. khorassanica to 2.5 x 1.75 mm in V. viscosa Boiss. The ornamentation of seed coat is reticulate-verrucate in V. khorassanica, V. czerniakowskiana, V. mazanderanae and V. rubrifolia, reticulate-rugate in V. acrotheca, V. aucheri, V. viscosa and V. intercedens, rugose in V. microcarpa, V. chionantha and V. rechingeri, and reticulate-porate in V. gaubae. The testa cells are polygonal in ten species and irregular in two species. Micromorphological characters of seeds are useful in specific and subspecific delimitations of Iranian Veronica.

Seed shape quantification in the model legumes: methods and applications

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Emilio Cervantes ◽  
Ezzeddine Saadaoui ◽  
Ángel Tocino ◽  
José Javier Martín Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Shape ◽  
Shape Quantification

Seed Shape Diversity in families of the Order Ranunculales

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 425 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÈ JAVIER MARTÍN-GÓMEZ ◽  
AGNIESZKA REWICZ ◽  
EMILIO CERVANTES
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
The Third ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Seed shape in the order Ranunculales is described with the objective of characterizing the morphological seed types in the families of this order and to establish a correlation between seed shape, plant structure and life style.         Based on previous work in model plants (Arabidopsis thaliana, Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula), we have used the J index to estimate the percentage of similarity of the image of a seed with a geometric shape. The images of seeds of model plants resemble cardioid or cardioid-derived models, while seeds from other species with rapid life cycles resemble other, also simple geometrical figures. In general, seed shape may help establishing the relationships between taxonomic groups.         Three types of seed morphology are distinguished in the Ranunculales based on values of J index. In the first type, seeds in the Berberidaceae, Euptelaceae and Lardizabalaceae, adjust well to an oval. The second type, seeds in the Papaveraceae, adjust well to the cardioid model, and the third type, seeds in the Ranunculaceae, adjust well to diverse geometric shapes, including the oval, truncated cardioid, Fibonacci spiral and ellipse. In the Ranunculales, seed shape is varied and often related to geometrical figures.                The presence of cardioid derived models in the Papaveraceae supports our hypothesis that seeds resembling the cardioid are frequent in plants with rapid life cycles.Ranunculales

scholarly journals NEW BEES OF THE GENUS ANDRENA

1903 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
S. Graenicher
Keyword(s):  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Basal Process ◽  
The Third ◽  
Inner Surface

Andrena thaspii, n.sp. ♀.—Length 10–11 mm.; black, clothed with light ochraceous pubesence; head broader than thorax; facial quadrangle broader than long; cheeks broad, shining, with fine punctures,which are very close immediately behind the eyes; front below ocelli distinctly striate; facial foveæ broad, containing iight pubescence; antennæ long and slender, black; flagellum brownish testaceous beneath, especially towards the tip; joint 3 of the antennæ as long as 4 and 5 together; ciypeus shining, clothed with thin, light pubescence; a distinct impunctate line in the middle, otherwise with moderately coarse punctures; basal process of labrum truncate; mandibles dull testaceous at the tips; mesothorax slightly shining, and covered with short, thin pubescence; on the scutellum the hairs are rather long and dense; the punctures of the mesonotum are shallow and not close together; wings yellowish hyaline, hardly clouded at the apex, with honey-coloured nervures and stigma; second submarginal cell slightly narrowed above, about half as long as the third, receiving the first recurrent nervure beyond the middle of the cell; metathoracic enclosure defined by an impressed line,its surface more fine1y sculptured than the surrounding area of the metathorax, except at the base, where it is slightly rugose; legs dark brown; tibial scopa bright fulvous, shining; the basal joints of the middle and hind tarsi and covered with ferruginous pubescence on their inner surface; abdomen shining, with sparse light hairs which are long on the first segment, but otherwise very short, forming thin apical fasciæ on segments 2 to 41 anal fimbria dark fulvous, inclining to ferruginous.

Hugo field pea

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng-Jin Bing ◽  
Don Beauchesne ◽  
Al Sloan ◽  
Yantai Gan ◽  
Cecil Vera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Leaf Type ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Round Seed

Hugo is a high-yielding field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar with yellow cotyledons. It has a semi-leafless leaf type, and is powdery mildew resistant. It has round seed shape, medium seed size and high seed coat integrity. The cultivar is adapted to field pea growing regions in western Canada. Key words: Field pea, Pisum sativum, cultivar description

scholarly journals Where Sustainable School Meets the ‘Tthird Teacher’: Primary School Case Study From Barcelona, Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Brkovic ◽  
Oriol Pons ◽  
Rosie Parnell
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Participatory Evaluation ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Models ◽  
Sustainable Schools

Participatory evaluation of aspiring sustainable schools and their pedagogical potential has recently come into focus. A few authors have made a significant start in examining schools as both environmentally and socially sustainable environments, which might simultaneously represent the ‘third teacher’. However, discussion around this idea is new in Spain. This paper describes a participatory post-occupancy study conducted with teachers and pupils in Fort Pienc School, Barcelona, Spain. Findings reveal the pedagogical potential of the school’s spaces and fabric, characterised as ‘sustainable’, and highlight the aspects that the research participants feel are performing and underperforming. The paper concludes that if we want sustainable schools to be a strategy for renovating the educational process and for leading us towards a better tomorrow globally and locally,  new models for exploring the pedagogical potential of sustainable schools should be developed and the efforts of all relevant parties synchronised; from architects to governments, from pupils to teachers.

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