scholarly journals Trophic Transfer without Biomagnification of Cadmium in a Soybean-Dodder Parasitic System

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2690
Author(s):  
Bin J. W. Chen ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Xinyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Trophic Transfer ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Parasitic System ◽  
Cuscuta Chinensis ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Selective Process

Cadmium (Cd) is among the most available and most toxic heavy metals taken up by plants from soil. Compared to the classic plant-animal food chains, the host-parasitic plant food chains have, thus far, been largely overlooked in the studies of Cd trophic transfer. To investigate the pattern of Cd transfer during the infection of parasitic plants on Cd-contaminated hosts, we conducted a controlled experiment that grew soybeans parasitized by Chinese dodders (Cuscuta chinensis) in soil with different levels of Cd treatment, and examined the concentration, accumulation, allocation and transfer coefficients of Cd within this parasitic system. Results showed that among all components, dodders accounted for more than 40% biomass of the whole system but had the lowest Cd concentration and accumulated the least amount of Cd. The transfer coefficient of Cd between soybean stems and dodders was much lower than 1, and was also significantly lower than that between soybean stems and soybean leaves. All these features were continuously strengthened with the increase of Cd treatment levels. The results suggested no evidence of Cd biomagnification in dodders parasitizing Cd-contaminated hosts, and implied that the Cd transfer from hosts to dodders may be a selective process.

scholarly journals Monitoring Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Infestation in Soybean Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro P. S. Barros ◽  
Inana X. Schutze ◽  
Fernando H. Iost Filho ◽  
Pedro Takao Yamamoto ◽  
Peterson Fiorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Different Levels

Although monitoring and observing insect pest populations in the fields is essential in crop management, it is still a laborious and sometimes ineffective process. High infestation levels may diminish the photosynthetic activity of soybean plants, affecting their development and reducing the yield. An imprecise decision making in integrated pest management program may lead to an ineffective control in infested areas or the excessive use of insecticides. In order to reach a more efficient control of arthropods population it is important to evaluate the infestation in time to mitigate its negative effects on the crop and remote sensing is an important tool for monitoring. It was proposed that infested soybean areas could be identified, and the arthropods quantified from non-infested areas in a field by hyperspectral remote sensing. Thus, the goals of this study were to investigate and discriminate the reflectance characteristics of soybean non-infested and infested with Bemisia tabaci using hyperspectral remote sensing data. Therefore, samples of infested and non-infested soybean leaves were collected and transported to the laboratory to obtain the hyperspectral curves. The results obtained allowed to discriminate the different levels of infestation and to separate healthy from whitefly infested soybean leaves based on their reflectance.

Myco-Heterophytes & Parasitic Plants in Food Chains

1999 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 575-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Hershey
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Food Chains

Carbon stable isotope fractionation and trophic transfer of fatty acids in fungal based soil food chains

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Ruess ◽  
Alexei Tiunov ◽  
Dominique Haubert ◽  
Hans H. Richnow ◽  
Max M. Häggblom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Trophic Transfer ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Carbon Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Fractionation

scholarly journals Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Hazardous Heavy Metals: Environmental Persistence, Toxicity, and Bioaccumulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazrat Ali ◽  
Ezzat Khan ◽  
Ikram Ilahi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Chemistry ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Persistence ◽  
Metals And Metalloids ◽  
Heavy Metals And Metalloids

Heavy metals are well-known environmental pollutants due to their toxicity, persistence in the environment, and bioaccumulative nature. Their natural sources include weathering of metal-bearing rocks and volcanic eruptions, while anthropogenic sources include mining and various industrial and agricultural activities. Mining and industrial processing for extraction of mineral resources and their subsequent applications for industrial, agricultural, and economic development has led to an increase in the mobilization of these elements in the environment and disturbance of their biogeochemical cycles. Contamination of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems with toxic heavy metals is an environmental problem of public health concern. Being persistent pollutants, heavy metals accumulate in the environment and consequently contaminate the food chains. Accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in biota causes a potential health threat to their consumers including humans. This article comprehensively reviews the different aspects of heavy metals as hazardous materials with special focus on their environmental persistence, toxicity for living organisms, and bioaccumulative potential. The bioaccumulation of these elements and its implications for human health are discussed with a special coverage on fish, rice, and tobacco. The article will serve as a valuable educational resource for both undergraduate and graduate students and for researchers in environmental sciences. Environmentally relevant most hazardous heavy metals and metalloids include Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, and As. The trophic transfer of these elements in aquatic and terrestrial food chains/webs has important implications for wildlife and human health. It is very important to assess and monitor the concentrations of potentially toxic heavy metals and metalloids in different environmental segments and in the resident biota. A comprehensive study of the environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology of hazardous heavy metals and metalloids shows that steps should be taken to minimize the impact of these elements on human health and the environment.

Trophic transfer and biomagnification of fullerenol nanoparticles in an aquatic food chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1240-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyue Shi ◽  
Cheng Long Wang ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Chunying Chen ◽  
Xian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Trophic Transfer ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Aquatic Food Chain ◽  
Aquatic Food

Understanding the trophic transfer and biomagnification potential of nanomaterials in aquatic food chains is crucial for assessing the environmental risks of such materials.

Studies on Bioaccumulation of Lead and Arsenic in Different Tissues of Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Hussain ◽  
Sheikh Muhammad Azam ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Gulnaz Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Mean Concentration

Heavy metals present in surroundings tend to accumulate into the bodies of animals vide the food chains. This bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals cause several pathological conditions, thus, imposing serious health hazards to humans and other animals. It has become extremely important to monitor levels of heavy metals for well being of humans. The present study was carried to evaluate the extent of bioaccumulation of two heavy metals in rabbit by measuring their levels in various tissues. The rabbits were divided into control (C) and two experimental groups i.e. T1 (Lead treated) and T2 (Arsenic treated). Experimental groups were orally administered lead and arsenic at concentration of 0.02 mg/L of glucose solution for a period of 28 days. Further, the concentration of above heavy metals was determined in liver, kidney and muscle using atomic absorption spectrometry. Concentration of lead in liver and kidney, while concentration of arsenic in kidney was found to be significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in treatment groups as compared to the control. Higher mean concentration of lead (35.68±7.36) and arsenic (18.70± 3.456) was detected in kidney in treatment groups. Lower mean concentration of lead (12.43±4.70) and arsenic (7.07±2.45) was determined in muscles in treatment groups. The lead accumulated at significantly higher rate (P ≤ 0.05) compared to arsenic in all three tissues in treatment groups. It is concluded that heavy metals tend to bioaccumulate at relatively higher concentration in tissues involved in metabolic activities i.e. kidney and liver in rabbit.

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